Cbse class 11 biology syllabus 2011-12 - http://cbse.edurite.com/cbse-biology/cbse-biology-syllabus-for-class-11.html

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9. BIOLOGY (Code No. 044)
The present syllabus reinforces the ideas introduced till the secondary classes. It provides the
students with new concepts along with an extended exposure to contemporary areas of the subject.
The syllabus also aims at emphasizing on the underlying principles that are common to both animals
andplantsaswellashighlightingtherelationshipofbiologywithotherareasofknowledge.Theformat
of the syllabus allows a simple, clear, sequential flow of concepts without any jarring jumps. The
syllabusalsostressesonmakingconnectionsbetteramongbiologicalconcepts.Itrelatesthestudyof
biologytoreallifethroughtheuseoftechonology.Itlinksthediscoveriesandinnovationsinbiologyto
everydaylife,suchasenvironment,industry,healthandagriculture.Theupdatedsyllabusalsofocuses
on reducing the curriculum load while ensuring that ample opportunities and scope for learning and
appreciatingbasicconceptsofthesubjectcontinuetobeavailablewithinitsframework.
The prescribed syllabus is expected to
promoteunderstandingofbasicprinciplesof Biology
encouragelearningofemergingknowledgeanditsrelevancetoindividualandsociety
promote rational/specific attitude to issues related to population, environment and
development
enhanceawarenessaboutenvironmentalissuesandproblemsandtheappropriatesolutions
createawarenessamongstthelearnersaboutvariationsamongsttheliving,anddeveloping
respect for the diversity and to appreciate that the most complex biological phenomena
arealsobuiltonessentiallysimpleprocesses.
It is expected that the students would get an exposure to various branches of Biology in the
syllabusinamorecontextualandfriendlymannerastheystudyitsvariousunits.
COURSE STRUCTURE
CLASS XI (Theory)
One Paper Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 70 Marks
Unit Title Marks
1. DiversityofLivingOrganisms 07
2. StructuralOrganisationinplantsandanimals 12
3. Cell:StructureandFunction 15
4. PlantPhysiology 18
5. HumanPhysiology 18
Total 70

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Unit I: Diversity of Living Organism (25 Periods)
Whatisliving?Biodiversity;Needforclassification;Threedomainoflife;Taxonomy&
Systematics;Conceptofspeciesandtaxonomicalhierarchy;Binomialnomenclature;Tools
for study ofTaxonomy-Museums, Zoos, Herbaria, Botanical gardens.
Five kingdom classification; Salient features and classification of Monera; Protista and
Fungiintomajorgroups;Lichens;VirusesandViroids.
Salient features and classification of plants into major groups-Algae, Bryophytes,
Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms andAngiosperms (three to five salient and distinguising
features and at least two examples of each category);Angiosperms - classification up to
class,characteristicfeaturesandexamples.
Salientfeaturesandclassificationofanimals-nonchordateuptophylalevelandchordate
up to classes level (three to five salient features and atleast two examples).
Unit II: Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants (25 Periods)
Morphology and modifications; Tissues;Anatomy and functions of different parts of
floweringplants:Root,stem,leaf,inflorescence-cymoseandracemose,flower,fruitand
seed (To be dealt along with the relevant practical of the Practical Syllabus).
Animal tissues; Morphology, anatomy and functions of different system (digestive,
circulatory,respiratory,nervousandreproductive)ofaninsect(cockroach).(abriefaccount
only)
Unit III: Cell Structure and Function (40 Periods)
Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life; Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell;
Plantcellandanimalcell;Cellenvelope,cellmembrane,cellwall;Cellorganelles-structure
andfunction;Endomembranesystem-endoplasmicreticulum,Golgibodies,lysosomes,
vacuoles; mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies; Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella,
centrioles(ultrastructureandfunction);Nucleus-nuclearmembrane,chromatin,nucleous.
Chemical constituents of living cells: Biomolecules-structure and function of proteins,
carbodydrates,lipid,nucleicacids,Enzymes-types,properties,enzymesaction.
Celldivision:Cellcycle,mitosis,meiosisandtheirsignificance.
Unit IV: Plant Physiology (45 Periods)
Transportinplants;Movementofwater,gasesandnutrients;Celltocelltransport-Diffusion,
facilitated diffusion, active transport; Plant-water relations-Imbibition, water potential,
osmosis, plasmolysis; Long distance transport of water-Absorption, apoplast, symplast,
transpirationpull,rootpressureandguttation;Transpiration-Openingandclosingofstomata;
Uptakeandtranslocationofmineralnutrients-Transportoffood,phloemtransport,Mass
flowhypothesis;Diffusionofgases(briefmention).
Mineralnutrition:Essentialminerals,macroandmicronutrientsandtheirrole;Deficiency
symptoms;Mineraltoxicity;elementaryideaofHydroponicsasamethodtostudymineral
nutrition;Nitrogenmetabolism-Nitrogencycle,biologicalnitrogenfixation.

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Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis as a means of Autotrophic nutrition; Where does
photosynthesistakeplace,HowmanypigmentsareinvolvedinPhotosynthesis(Elementary
idea); Photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; Cyclic and non cyclic
photophosphorylation;Chemiosmotichypothesis;Photorespiration;C3andC4pathways;
factorsaffectingphotosynthesis.
Respiration:Exchangeofgases;Cellularrespiration-glycolysis,fermentation(anaerobic),
TCAcycle and electron transport system (aerobic); Energy relations-Number ofATP
moleculesgenerated;Amphibolicpathways;Respiratroyquotient.
Plantgrowthanddevelopment:Seedgermination;Phasesofplantgrowthandplantgrowth
rate;Conditionsofgrowth;Differentiation,dedifferentiationandredifferentiation;sequence
ofdevelopmentalprocessinaplantcell;Growthregulators-auxin,gibberellin,cytokinin,
ethylene,ABA;Seeddormancy;Vernalisation:Photoperiodism.
UnitV: Human Physiology (45 Periods)
Digestionandabsorption:Alimentarycanalanddigestiveglands,Roleofdigestiveenzymes
andgastrointestinalhormones;Peristalsis,digestion,absorptionandassimilationofproteins,
carbohydrates and fats; Calorific value of proteins, carbohydrates and fat (for box item
not to be evaluated); Egeston; Nutritional and digestive disorders-PEM, indigestion,
constipation,vomiting,jaundice,diarrhea.
BreathingandRespiration:Respiratoryorgansinanimals(recallonly);Respiratorysystem
in humans; Mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans-Exchange of gases,
transportofgasesandregulationofrespiration,Respiratoryvolume.Disordersrelatedto
respiration-Asthma,Emphysema,Occupatonalrespiratorydisorders.
Body fluids and circulation: Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood;
Composition of lymph and its function; Human circulatory system-Structure of human
heart and blood vessels; Cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG; Double circulation;
Regulation of cardiac activity; Disorders of circulatory system-Hypertension, Coronary
arterydisease,Anginapectoris,Heartfailure.
Excretoryproductsandtheirelimination:Modesofexcretion-Ammonotelism,ureotelism,
uricotelism; Human excretory system-structure and fuction; Urine formation,
Osmoregulation;Regulationofkidneyfunction-Renin-angiotensin,AtrialNatriureticFactor,
ADHandDiabetesinsipidus;Roleofotherorgansinexcretion;Disorders-Uraemia,Renal
failure,Renalcalculi,Nephritis;Dialysisandartificialkidney.
Locomotion and Movement:Types of movement - ciliary, flagellar, muscular; Skeletal
muscle-contractileproteinsandmusclecontraction;Skeletalsystemanditsfunctions(To
be dealt with the relevant practical of Practical syllabus); Joints; Disorders of muscular
and skeletal system - Myasthenia gravis, Tetany, Muscular dystrophy, Arthritis,
Osteoporosis, Gout.
Neuralcontrolandcoordination:Neuronandnerves;Nervoussysteminhumans-central
nervous system & peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; Generation
and conduction of nerve impulse; Reflex action; Sensory perception; Sense organs;
Elementarystructureandfunctionofeyeandear.

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Chemicalcoordinationandregulation:Endocrineglandsandhormones;Humanendocrine
system-Hypothalamus,Pituitary,Pineal,Thyroid,Parathyroid,Adrenal,Pancreas,Gonads;
Mechanismofhormoneaction(ElementaryIdea);Roleofhormonesasmessengersand
regulators, Hypo-and hyperactivity and related disorders (Common disorders e.g.
Dwarfism,Acromegaly,Cretinism,goiter,exphthalmicgoiter,diabetes,Addision'sdisease).
Imp:Diseasesreleatedtoallthehumanphysiologysystemstobetaughtinbrief.
Practicals
60 Periods
A. List of Experiments
1. Study and describe three locally available common flowering plants from each of the
followingfamilies(Solanaceae,FabacceaeandLiliaceae)includingdissectionanddisplay
offloralwhorlsandantherandovarytoshownumberofchambers.Typesofroot(Tapand
Adventitious);Stem(Herbaceousandwoody);Leaf(arrangement,shape,venation,simple
andcompound).
2. Preparation and study ofT.S. of dicot and monocot roots and stems (primary).
3. Study of osmosis by potato osmometer.
4. Studyofplasmolysisinepidermalpeels(e.g.Rhoeoleaves)
5. Study of distribution of stomata in the upper and lower surface of leaves.
6. Comparative study of the rates of transpiration in the upper and lower surface of leaves.
7. Test for the presence of sugar, starch, proteins and fats.To detect them in suitable plant
andanimalmaterials.
8. Separationofplantpigmentsthroughpaperchromatography.
9. Tostudytherateofrespirationinflowerbuds/leaftissueandgerminatingseeds.
10. To test the presence of urea in urine.
11. To detect the presence of sugar in urine/blood sample.
12. To detect the presence of albumin in urine.
13. To detect the presence of bile salts in urine.
B. Study/observation of the following (spotting)
1. Study parts of a compound microscope.
2. Studyofthespecimensandidentificationwithreasons-Bacteria,Oscillatoria,Spirogyra,
Rhizopus,mushroom,yeast,liverwort,moss,fern,pine,onemonocotyledonousplantand
onedicotyledonousplantandonelichen.
3. Studyofspecimensandidentificationwithreasons-Amoeba,Hydra,Liverfluke,Ascaris,
leech, earthworm, prawn, silkworm, honeybee, snail, starfish, shark, rohu, frog, lizard,

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pigeon and rabbit.
4. Study of tissues and diversity in shapes and sizes of plant and animal cells (e.g. palisade
cells, guard cells, parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, xylem, phloem, squamous
epithelium,musclefibersandmammalianbloodsmear)throughtemporary/permanentslides.
5. Study of mitosis in onion root tips cells and animals cells (grasshopper) from permanent
slides.
6. Studyofdifferentmodificationsinroot,stemandleaves.
7. Studyandidentificationofdifferenttypesofinflorescence.
8. Studyofimbibitioninseeds/raisins.
9. Observationandcommentsoftheexperimentalsetupforshowing:
a. Anaerobicrespiration
b. Phototropism
c. Apicalbudremoval
d. Suctionduetotranspiration
10. Studyofhumanskeletonanddifferenttypesofjoints.
11. Studyofexternalmorphologyofcockroachthroughmodels.
CLASS XII
(THEORY)
(180 Periods)
1. Reproduction
Reproduction in organisms: Reproduction, a characteristic feature of all organisms for
continuationofspecies;Modesofreproduction-Asexualandsexualreproduction;Modes-
Binaryfission,sporulation,budding,gemmule,fragmentation;vegetativepropagationin
plants.
Sexualreproductioninfloweringplant:Flowerstructure;Developmentofmaleandfemale
gametophytes;Pollination-types,agenciesandexamples;Outbreedingsdevices;Pollen-
Pistilinteraction;Doublefertilization;Postfertilizationevents-Developmentofendosperm
and embryo, Development of seed and formation of fruit; Special modes-apomixis,
parthenocarpy,polyembryony;Significanceofseedandfruitformation.
Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; Microscopic anatomy of
testis and ovary; Gametogenesis-spermatogenesis & oogenesis; Menstrual cycle;
Fertilisationembryodevelopmentuptoblastocystformation,implantation;Pregnancyand
placentaformation(Elementaryidea);Parturition(Elementaryidea);Lactation(Elementary
idea).