This document provides an overview of Pakistan's DTRE (Duty & Tax Remission for Exports) Scheme, which allows exporters to import and procure local inputs without paying customs duties, excise duties, sales tax or withholding tax for use in manufacturing goods for export. The key points covered include:
- What the DTRE Scheme is and where the rules can be found
- The application and approval process for DTRE status
- Requirements for acquiring, utilizing and accounting for duty-free inputs
- Records to be maintained and timelines to be followed
- Goods that are excluded from the scheme
- Facilitations provided like wider definitions, flexible security options and appeal rights.
This document provides an overview of India's industrial policies from 1948 to the present. It discusses the objectives and key features of various industrial policy resolutions enacted over time. The initial resolutions in 1948, 1956, and 1973 focused on expanding public sector involvement and prioritizing basic and strategic industries. Later policies in 1977, 1980, and 1991 aimed to liberalize the economy, encourage private sector growth, and attract foreign investment. The current scenario features fewer licensing requirements and greater openness to trade and globalization compared to earlier policies focused on import substitution and self-reliance.
Pakistan has a complex taxation system with over 70 different taxes administered by 37 government agencies. The major taxes include income tax, sales tax, customs duties, and excise duties. Income tax is levied on individual and corporate income under the Income Tax Ordinance of 2001. Sales tax of 17% is imposed on goods under the Sales Tax Act of 1990. Customs duties are applied on imports according to a cascaded tariff structure. Excise duties are levied on specific industries and services. The taxation system has a heavy reliance on withholding taxes and exemptions.
The document discusses the devaluation of the Indian rupee over time. It provides details on what causes devaluation, its effects, and specific instances of rupee devaluation in 1966 and 1991. In 1966, factors like the India-Pakistan war, withdrawal of foreign aid, and a large budget deficit led to devaluation. In 1991, a high trade deficit, current account deficit, inflation, and depleting foreign reserves necessitated another major devaluation. The rupee has fluctuated over the decades since 1966, driven by various economic and geopolitical events both domestic and international.
The document discusses the euro crisis that began in Greece in 2009. Greece had allowed large deficits from its central bank and government bonds to accumulate. When Greece's debt levels came to light in 2009, it became clear that the country could not repay its debts, marking the start of the sovereign debt crisis in Europe. The crisis spread to other eurozone countries as well. Proposed solutions involved providing long term loans to Greece and other countries in crisis, austerity measures to reduce deficits and debt levels, and recapitalizing struggling banks.
This document analyzes inflation in Bangladesh. It defines inflation and discusses types such as cost-push and demand-pull inflation. Causes of inflation mentioned include excess money supply, low interest rates, and unemployment. The document examines how inflation is measured in Bangladesh using indices like CPI. Graphs show inflation trends and differences between urban and rural, food and non-food inflation rates. Effects of inflation on the economy are discussed along with measures taken by the Bangladesh government to reduce inflation through monetary and fiscal policies.
I’m a young Pakistani Blogger, Academic Writer, Freelancer, Quaidian & MPhil Scholar, Quote Lover, Co-Founder at Essar Student Fund & Blueprism Academia, belonging from Mehdiabad, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan.
I am an academic writer & freelancer! I can work on Research Paper, Thesis Writing, Academic Research, Research Project, Proposals, Assignments, Business Plans, and Case study research.
Expertise:
Management Sciences, Business Management, Marketing, HRM, Banking, Business Marketing, Corporate Finance, International Business Management
For Order Online:
Whatsapp: +923452502478
Portfolio Link: https://blueprismacademia.wordpress.com/
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The document discusses India's balance of payments from pre-1991 to post-reform periods. It notes that pre-1991 saw persistent balance of payments deficits due to large-scale machinery imports to develop basic industries and rising oil prices. 1976-80 was a brief surplus period due to worker remittances and export growth. 1980-91 saw severe deficits exceeding $16 billion by 1991. Post-1991 reforms led to surpluses due to invisibles earnings, external borrowings, and foreign investment.
Monetary policy in pakistan.
How monetary policy works
Monetary policy tools
Target rates
Central bank policy
State Bank Of Pakistan
Inflation rate
Interest rate
Economic growth
balance policy
This document provides an overview of India's industrial policies from 1948 to the present. It discusses the objectives and key features of various industrial policy resolutions enacted over time. The initial resolutions in 1948, 1956, and 1973 focused on expanding public sector involvement and prioritizing basic and strategic industries. Later policies in 1977, 1980, and 1991 aimed to liberalize the economy, encourage private sector growth, and attract foreign investment. The current scenario features fewer licensing requirements and greater openness to trade and globalization compared to earlier policies focused on import substitution and self-reliance.
Pakistan has a complex taxation system with over 70 different taxes administered by 37 government agencies. The major taxes include income tax, sales tax, customs duties, and excise duties. Income tax is levied on individual and corporate income under the Income Tax Ordinance of 2001. Sales tax of 17% is imposed on goods under the Sales Tax Act of 1990. Customs duties are applied on imports according to a cascaded tariff structure. Excise duties are levied on specific industries and services. The taxation system has a heavy reliance on withholding taxes and exemptions.
The document discusses the devaluation of the Indian rupee over time. It provides details on what causes devaluation, its effects, and specific instances of rupee devaluation in 1966 and 1991. In 1966, factors like the India-Pakistan war, withdrawal of foreign aid, and a large budget deficit led to devaluation. In 1991, a high trade deficit, current account deficit, inflation, and depleting foreign reserves necessitated another major devaluation. The rupee has fluctuated over the decades since 1966, driven by various economic and geopolitical events both domestic and international.
The document discusses the euro crisis that began in Greece in 2009. Greece had allowed large deficits from its central bank and government bonds to accumulate. When Greece's debt levels came to light in 2009, it became clear that the country could not repay its debts, marking the start of the sovereign debt crisis in Europe. The crisis spread to other eurozone countries as well. Proposed solutions involved providing long term loans to Greece and other countries in crisis, austerity measures to reduce deficits and debt levels, and recapitalizing struggling banks.
This document analyzes inflation in Bangladesh. It defines inflation and discusses types such as cost-push and demand-pull inflation. Causes of inflation mentioned include excess money supply, low interest rates, and unemployment. The document examines how inflation is measured in Bangladesh using indices like CPI. Graphs show inflation trends and differences between urban and rural, food and non-food inflation rates. Effects of inflation on the economy are discussed along with measures taken by the Bangladesh government to reduce inflation through monetary and fiscal policies.
I’m a young Pakistani Blogger, Academic Writer, Freelancer, Quaidian & MPhil Scholar, Quote Lover, Co-Founder at Essar Student Fund & Blueprism Academia, belonging from Mehdiabad, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan.
I am an academic writer & freelancer! I can work on Research Paper, Thesis Writing, Academic Research, Research Project, Proposals, Assignments, Business Plans, and Case study research.
Expertise:
Management Sciences, Business Management, Marketing, HRM, Banking, Business Marketing, Corporate Finance, International Business Management
For Order Online:
Whatsapp: +923452502478
Portfolio Link: https://blueprismacademia.wordpress.com/
Email: arguni.hasnain@gmail.com
Follow Me:
Linkedin: arguni_hasnain
Instagram : arguni.hasnain
Facebook: arguni.hasnain
The document discusses India's balance of payments from pre-1991 to post-reform periods. It notes that pre-1991 saw persistent balance of payments deficits due to large-scale machinery imports to develop basic industries and rising oil prices. 1976-80 was a brief surplus period due to worker remittances and export growth. 1980-91 saw severe deficits exceeding $16 billion by 1991. Post-1991 reforms led to surpluses due to invisibles earnings, external borrowings, and foreign investment.
Monetary policy in pakistan.
How monetary policy works
Monetary policy tools
Target rates
Central bank policy
State Bank Of Pakistan
Inflation rate
Interest rate
Economic growth
balance policy
The document summarizes monetary policy, which is carried out by central banks to control money supply and promote economic growth and stability. The main objectives of monetary policy are price stability, economic growth, and stable exchange rates. Central banks use tools like interest rates, reserve requirements, and open market operations to implement expansionary or contractionary monetary policy depending on economic conditions. The document then discusses monetary policy specifics in Pakistan, including interest rate trends over the past 15 years and recent policy decisions by the State Bank of Pakistan.
The document discusses various strategies for financing development in less developed countries, including taxation, non-tax revenues, bilateral and multilateral aids, contributions from non-government organizations and private sectors, and borrowings. It notes that borrowings and aids from other organizations and countries are important sources of revenue. It also explains some of the challenges with implementing fiscal policy in developing nations, such as large informal economies and tax evasion.
Pakistan's major agricultural issues since independence and how agriculture's contributions has drastically declined in comparison with manufacturing and services businesses.
An appraisal of economic reforms in India in 1991 periodHarshagrawal1996
An appraisal view/ analysis of economic reforms during 1991 industrial reforms period in India. Change in Indian Economy after LPG reforms 1991 with data. Suitable for all purposes. Main topics with detial are- Goals of Economic Reforms. GDP growth and Poverty Reduction. GDP growth and Employment Growth Rate. Improvement in industrial relations. Increase in productivity and Real Wage earnings. Neglect of Agriculture. Reforms and Industrial Growth. Performance of Public Sector. Economic reforms and inflation. Growth in infrastructure. Foreign trade and balance of payment. Foreign Investment. Regional Disparities. Social Infrastructure and Human Development. Conclusion
The Presentation was focussed on the use of low or nil tax jurisdictions typically known to be as Tax Havens by Big Corporate to meticulously route their revenue and using instruments like Double Dutch Sandwich to evade taxes.
This document discusses Pakistan's tax policy and proposals for reform. It notes that Pakistan's tax revenue as a percentage of GDP is lower than other emerging markets. Several reforms are proposed, including simplifying the sales tax and income tax systems, expanding the tax base to include total assets and inheritance, improving enforcement through the use of third party information, and reducing corruption in tax collection. The strategic shift agenda and conclusion suggest an overall need to modernize Pakistan's tax system.
The document discusses the Laffer Curve, which suggests that tax revenues can decrease if tax rates are raised above a certain level due to reduced economic activity. It outlines the history of the curve, including how economist Arthur Laffer illustrated the concept using a napkin. The basic diagram shows that tax revenues are lowest at 0% and 100% tax rates, and peak at an unspecified optimal rate. While tax cuts could in theory increase growth and revenues, economists disagree on where higher tax rates actually reduce incentives. Most studies suggest the optimal tax rate is around 70%, though it may vary by country. The document concludes the Laffer Curve is a valid economic concept, but tax rates in most Western nations are already below where it would significantly impact
The document discusses India's trade policy reforms from 2008-2019. It provides details on various trade agreements and reforms India has undertaken, including the establishment of free trade areas with ASEAN and other countries. It also analyzes the impact of reforms on India's economy, noting improvements in areas like the trade deficit but that challenges remain like infrastructure development. The document concludes by examining the US-China trade war and its effects on India's exports.
This document summarizes information about small scale industries in India. It defines small scale industries as those with fixed asset investments not exceeding Rs. 1 crore. While not compulsory, registration makes industries eligible for government assistance through loans, hire-purchase schemes, and special promotion programs. It then lists various organizations that promote small scale industries and discusses their role in employment, resource mobilization, exports, and supporting large industries. The document outlines challenges small industries face like skilled labor shortages and marketing issues. It concludes by summarizing the role of State Finance Corporations in providing long-term finance and working capital to small businesses.
- A liquidity trap is a situation where the short-term nominal interest rate is zero, meaning that increasing the money supply has no effect on output or prices according to traditional Keynesian theory.
- Modern theory argues that monetary policy can still be effective even at zero interest rates by managing expectations about future money supply levels when interest rates rise above zero again.
- For monetary policy to be effective in a liquidity trap, central banks must commit to maintaining lower future interest rates once deflationary shocks subside in order to stimulate expectations about future money supply levels and interest rates.
Pakistan's exchange rate volatility.../Arshad Ahmed SaeedArshad Ahmed Saeed
The document analyzes the 20-year exchange rate trend of the Pakistani rupee from 1994 to 2013. It finds that the rupee depreciated over 700% against the US dollar over this period, continuously losing value. The exchange rate rose from 1994 to 2001, then declined until mid-2007 before dramatically increasing thereafter due to rising oil prices and political instability. This collapse of the rupee led to a 59.5 billion rupee increase in external debt due to unfavorable exchange rate movements since 2007-2008. A $6.6 billion IMF loan provides some relief but will increase costs for the private sector through higher interest rates required by IMF conditions.
The document provides an overview of Pakistan's tax structure, including direct and indirect taxes. It discusses income tax, sales tax, corporate tax rates, and the proposed goods and services tax (RGST) which would replace existing sales tax and excise regimes. The RGST is essentially a value-added tax with a 15% rate that would be applied incrementally at each stage of production and distribution. It is aimed at simplifying the tax system and reducing evasion, but may increase costs to consumers.
This document summarizes India's economic reforms since 1991 and assesses whether its gradual approach to reform has been effective. It finds that while liberalization in industrial policy and trade have progressed, fiscal deficits have risen significantly. Public savings have declined steadily, crowding out private investment and limiting India's ability to achieve higher growth targets. Overall, the gradual pace of reform has led to mixed results and further policy changes are still needed to support sustained high growth.
Pakistan is facing a balance of payments crisis as its current account deficit has reached over $12 billion. This is due to negative growth in exports and high growth in imports. Pakistan's total debt has also increased 11% in the last fiscal year. Weak trade diplomacy has contributed to declining exports to key trading partners like China, US, Afghanistan, and Iran. To address its balance of payments issues, Pakistan needs to improve its foreign policy to boost exports and pursue free trade agreements, in addition to domestic measures like adjusting its exchange rate, restricting non-essential imports, and increasing remittances.
Tax havens are countries that offer low or no tax rates to foreign individuals and businesses in order to attract capital. They provide secrecy and flexibility in business regulations. Many multinational corporations and wealthy individuals use tax havens to avoid paying taxes in their home countries by routing profits through shell companies in havens. This reduces government tax revenues and allows corporations and individuals to escape legal accountability. Critics argue tax havens exacerbate inequality and financial instability, while supporters view them as legitimate tools for business competitiveness and individual choice.
The indicators of indian economy ppt @ mba 2009Babasab Patil
The document discusses various leading economic indicators of the Indian economy such as GDP growth trends, inflation rates, interest rates, credit levels, exports, imports, foreign investment, stock market performance, monsoon rainfall, and development indicators. Leading indicators can provide useful insights into the future direction of the economy by signaling turning points in business cycles ahead of changes in broader economic conditions. Monitoring a basket of leading indicators allows for more accurate forecasting of the overall performance of the Indian economy.
Small scale industry an introduction --indiaBinod Sinha
This document provides an introduction and overview of small scale industries (SSI) in India. It discusses how SSI makes up an important segment of the Indian economy. It defines micro, small, and medium enterprises based on their level of investment. It outlines the characteristics of small enterprises, including how they are locally focused, labor intensive, flexible, and help promote regional development. The document also discusses the advantages SSI provide like job creation and the rationale for their development in India like addressing unemployment.
Macro-economic stabilisation and structural adjustment in India (1991)Antara Chakrabarty
These slides mainly give an insight into the major macroeconomic stabilization and structural adjustments that were made in India during severe financial crisis of 1991. It discusses the situation sector-wise and provides with a detailed glossary of important terms towards the end of the slide-show.
Role of Direct Tax Towards Development Of Indian EconomySundar B N
The document discusses various types of taxes imposed in India including income tax, corporate tax, and indirect taxes. It provides income tax slabs for individuals and HUFs as well as annual income tax regimes. For corporate tax, it notes the rates for domestic and foreign companies based on turnover. Taxes are a key source of government revenue and are used to fund public expenditures and infrastructure development.
foreign trade as an engine of economic growthMitikaAnjel
Foreign trade acts as an "engine" of economic growth in three key ways: 1) It enlarges a country's market for exports, leading to greater production and utilization of resources; 2) Expanding exports provides more employment opportunities and economies of scale, lowering costs; 3) Access to global markets encourages innovation as businesses compete with international counterparts, improving efficiency and productivity. For example, the opening of the Suez Canal increased India's exports of commercial crops like cotton and tea, fueling economic growth. Export processing zones also create jobs and incomes, stimulating demand and further domestic manufacturing. Overall, specialization, competition and technological adoption spurred by foreign trade can power economic expansion.
My final project I wanted to mix a bunch of our current technologies into a new way using the theories we have discussed during the semester. I didn’t want to make the new technologies too high tech, because we need to think 10 years isn’t that long. How far have we come in 10 years? So I stuck to technologies that we have today, but added realistic traits to each. After I created these new technologies I added the theories in and how they relate to each advancement.
Este documento proporciona una revisión de conceptos básicos sobre matrices, incluyendo definiciones de elementos, tamaños, sumas, multiplicaciones por escalares, transposición, y sistemas de ecuaciones lineales. También cubre matrices especiales como triangulares, diagonales, cero e identidad.
The document summarizes monetary policy, which is carried out by central banks to control money supply and promote economic growth and stability. The main objectives of monetary policy are price stability, economic growth, and stable exchange rates. Central banks use tools like interest rates, reserve requirements, and open market operations to implement expansionary or contractionary monetary policy depending on economic conditions. The document then discusses monetary policy specifics in Pakistan, including interest rate trends over the past 15 years and recent policy decisions by the State Bank of Pakistan.
The document discusses various strategies for financing development in less developed countries, including taxation, non-tax revenues, bilateral and multilateral aids, contributions from non-government organizations and private sectors, and borrowings. It notes that borrowings and aids from other organizations and countries are important sources of revenue. It also explains some of the challenges with implementing fiscal policy in developing nations, such as large informal economies and tax evasion.
Pakistan's major agricultural issues since independence and how agriculture's contributions has drastically declined in comparison with manufacturing and services businesses.
An appraisal of economic reforms in India in 1991 periodHarshagrawal1996
An appraisal view/ analysis of economic reforms during 1991 industrial reforms period in India. Change in Indian Economy after LPG reforms 1991 with data. Suitable for all purposes. Main topics with detial are- Goals of Economic Reforms. GDP growth and Poverty Reduction. GDP growth and Employment Growth Rate. Improvement in industrial relations. Increase in productivity and Real Wage earnings. Neglect of Agriculture. Reforms and Industrial Growth. Performance of Public Sector. Economic reforms and inflation. Growth in infrastructure. Foreign trade and balance of payment. Foreign Investment. Regional Disparities. Social Infrastructure and Human Development. Conclusion
The Presentation was focussed on the use of low or nil tax jurisdictions typically known to be as Tax Havens by Big Corporate to meticulously route their revenue and using instruments like Double Dutch Sandwich to evade taxes.
This document discusses Pakistan's tax policy and proposals for reform. It notes that Pakistan's tax revenue as a percentage of GDP is lower than other emerging markets. Several reforms are proposed, including simplifying the sales tax and income tax systems, expanding the tax base to include total assets and inheritance, improving enforcement through the use of third party information, and reducing corruption in tax collection. The strategic shift agenda and conclusion suggest an overall need to modernize Pakistan's tax system.
The document discusses the Laffer Curve, which suggests that tax revenues can decrease if tax rates are raised above a certain level due to reduced economic activity. It outlines the history of the curve, including how economist Arthur Laffer illustrated the concept using a napkin. The basic diagram shows that tax revenues are lowest at 0% and 100% tax rates, and peak at an unspecified optimal rate. While tax cuts could in theory increase growth and revenues, economists disagree on where higher tax rates actually reduce incentives. Most studies suggest the optimal tax rate is around 70%, though it may vary by country. The document concludes the Laffer Curve is a valid economic concept, but tax rates in most Western nations are already below where it would significantly impact
The document discusses India's trade policy reforms from 2008-2019. It provides details on various trade agreements and reforms India has undertaken, including the establishment of free trade areas with ASEAN and other countries. It also analyzes the impact of reforms on India's economy, noting improvements in areas like the trade deficit but that challenges remain like infrastructure development. The document concludes by examining the US-China trade war and its effects on India's exports.
This document summarizes information about small scale industries in India. It defines small scale industries as those with fixed asset investments not exceeding Rs. 1 crore. While not compulsory, registration makes industries eligible for government assistance through loans, hire-purchase schemes, and special promotion programs. It then lists various organizations that promote small scale industries and discusses their role in employment, resource mobilization, exports, and supporting large industries. The document outlines challenges small industries face like skilled labor shortages and marketing issues. It concludes by summarizing the role of State Finance Corporations in providing long-term finance and working capital to small businesses.
- A liquidity trap is a situation where the short-term nominal interest rate is zero, meaning that increasing the money supply has no effect on output or prices according to traditional Keynesian theory.
- Modern theory argues that monetary policy can still be effective even at zero interest rates by managing expectations about future money supply levels when interest rates rise above zero again.
- For monetary policy to be effective in a liquidity trap, central banks must commit to maintaining lower future interest rates once deflationary shocks subside in order to stimulate expectations about future money supply levels and interest rates.
Pakistan's exchange rate volatility.../Arshad Ahmed SaeedArshad Ahmed Saeed
The document analyzes the 20-year exchange rate trend of the Pakistani rupee from 1994 to 2013. It finds that the rupee depreciated over 700% against the US dollar over this period, continuously losing value. The exchange rate rose from 1994 to 2001, then declined until mid-2007 before dramatically increasing thereafter due to rising oil prices and political instability. This collapse of the rupee led to a 59.5 billion rupee increase in external debt due to unfavorable exchange rate movements since 2007-2008. A $6.6 billion IMF loan provides some relief but will increase costs for the private sector through higher interest rates required by IMF conditions.
The document provides an overview of Pakistan's tax structure, including direct and indirect taxes. It discusses income tax, sales tax, corporate tax rates, and the proposed goods and services tax (RGST) which would replace existing sales tax and excise regimes. The RGST is essentially a value-added tax with a 15% rate that would be applied incrementally at each stage of production and distribution. It is aimed at simplifying the tax system and reducing evasion, but may increase costs to consumers.
This document summarizes India's economic reforms since 1991 and assesses whether its gradual approach to reform has been effective. It finds that while liberalization in industrial policy and trade have progressed, fiscal deficits have risen significantly. Public savings have declined steadily, crowding out private investment and limiting India's ability to achieve higher growth targets. Overall, the gradual pace of reform has led to mixed results and further policy changes are still needed to support sustained high growth.
Pakistan is facing a balance of payments crisis as its current account deficit has reached over $12 billion. This is due to negative growth in exports and high growth in imports. Pakistan's total debt has also increased 11% in the last fiscal year. Weak trade diplomacy has contributed to declining exports to key trading partners like China, US, Afghanistan, and Iran. To address its balance of payments issues, Pakistan needs to improve its foreign policy to boost exports and pursue free trade agreements, in addition to domestic measures like adjusting its exchange rate, restricting non-essential imports, and increasing remittances.
Tax havens are countries that offer low or no tax rates to foreign individuals and businesses in order to attract capital. They provide secrecy and flexibility in business regulations. Many multinational corporations and wealthy individuals use tax havens to avoid paying taxes in their home countries by routing profits through shell companies in havens. This reduces government tax revenues and allows corporations and individuals to escape legal accountability. Critics argue tax havens exacerbate inequality and financial instability, while supporters view them as legitimate tools for business competitiveness and individual choice.
The indicators of indian economy ppt @ mba 2009Babasab Patil
The document discusses various leading economic indicators of the Indian economy such as GDP growth trends, inflation rates, interest rates, credit levels, exports, imports, foreign investment, stock market performance, monsoon rainfall, and development indicators. Leading indicators can provide useful insights into the future direction of the economy by signaling turning points in business cycles ahead of changes in broader economic conditions. Monitoring a basket of leading indicators allows for more accurate forecasting of the overall performance of the Indian economy.
Small scale industry an introduction --indiaBinod Sinha
This document provides an introduction and overview of small scale industries (SSI) in India. It discusses how SSI makes up an important segment of the Indian economy. It defines micro, small, and medium enterprises based on their level of investment. It outlines the characteristics of small enterprises, including how they are locally focused, labor intensive, flexible, and help promote regional development. The document also discusses the advantages SSI provide like job creation and the rationale for their development in India like addressing unemployment.
Macro-economic stabilisation and structural adjustment in India (1991)Antara Chakrabarty
These slides mainly give an insight into the major macroeconomic stabilization and structural adjustments that were made in India during severe financial crisis of 1991. It discusses the situation sector-wise and provides with a detailed glossary of important terms towards the end of the slide-show.
Role of Direct Tax Towards Development Of Indian EconomySundar B N
The document discusses various types of taxes imposed in India including income tax, corporate tax, and indirect taxes. It provides income tax slabs for individuals and HUFs as well as annual income tax regimes. For corporate tax, it notes the rates for domestic and foreign companies based on turnover. Taxes are a key source of government revenue and are used to fund public expenditures and infrastructure development.
foreign trade as an engine of economic growthMitikaAnjel
Foreign trade acts as an "engine" of economic growth in three key ways: 1) It enlarges a country's market for exports, leading to greater production and utilization of resources; 2) Expanding exports provides more employment opportunities and economies of scale, lowering costs; 3) Access to global markets encourages innovation as businesses compete with international counterparts, improving efficiency and productivity. For example, the opening of the Suez Canal increased India's exports of commercial crops like cotton and tea, fueling economic growth. Export processing zones also create jobs and incomes, stimulating demand and further domestic manufacturing. Overall, specialization, competition and technological adoption spurred by foreign trade can power economic expansion.
My final project I wanted to mix a bunch of our current technologies into a new way using the theories we have discussed during the semester. I didn’t want to make the new technologies too high tech, because we need to think 10 years isn’t that long. How far have we come in 10 years? So I stuck to technologies that we have today, but added realistic traits to each. After I created these new technologies I added the theories in and how they relate to each advancement.
Este documento proporciona una revisión de conceptos básicos sobre matrices, incluyendo definiciones de elementos, tamaños, sumas, multiplicaciones por escalares, transposición, y sistemas de ecuaciones lineales. También cubre matrices especiales como triangulares, diagonales, cero e identidad.
My final project I wanted to mix a bunch of our current technologies into a new way using the theories we have discussed during the semester. I didn’t want to make the new technologies too high tech, because we need to think 10 years isn’t that long. How far have we come in 10 years? So I stuck to technologies that we have today, but added realistic traits to each. After I created these new technologies I added the theories in and how they relate to each advancement.
Jazz music has evolved over many eras, incorporating different styles. Its roots began in the 1800s through blues music and African folk music. Jazz is highly improvisational, with performers rarely playing songs the same way twice. In the early 1900s, black musicians combined European instruments with African rhythms to create ragtime music in New Orleans, which later merged with funeral march styles. The 1930s-1940s saw the rise of big swing bands, followed by great artists in the 1950s-1960s expanding the genre. Jazz continues to influence both musical and cultural styles worldwide.
Joe Ferreira (online alter ego JoeRedHead) discusses the importance of alumni networking post graduation and explains how each of us has the power to increase the the value of our own education.
Milk production among major exporting countries is forecast to increase 1.5% in 2014 to 275.8 million tons, up 4.2 million tons from 2013. This is due to higher milk prices, favorable weather conditions, and lower feed costs expected to spur dairy farmers to increase production. The largest percentage increase is expected in New Zealand, where production is forecast to rise 5% or 891,000 tons. U.S. milk production is also forecast to increase 2% in 2014 as lower feed prices and strong dairy prices provide incentives for expanded production. Global demand for dairy products remains strong despite higher prices, supported by income growth in Asia.
The document summarizes the progress of an integrated design team using BIM technology for the redesign of an ice hockey arena at Penn State. It outlines key milestones and focus areas of the redesign including architectural modeling, air handler relocation, event level design, facade redesign, arena roof systems, and structural, lighting, mechanical, and cost/schedule analyses. Progress updates are provided showing work underway or completed towards each milestone with major BIM uses including design authoring, structural analysis, lighting analysis, mechanical analysis, 3D coordination, cost estimation, and LEED analysis.
The document summarizes key technologies of 2021 and the theories related to their adoption. It discusses how the internet has evolved to include FACT-checked information on FIT networks. It also outlines how social networking has been integrated into classrooms, with professors sharing materials on sites like Twitter. Critical Mass Theory and other theories are referenced to explain people's growing dependency on media technologies. The widespread adoption of smartphones is also covered, with references to theories like Social Learning Theory and the Theory of the Long Tail.
This document provides an overview of a presentation on managing multiple priorities. The objectives are to understand the relationship between effectiveness and productivity, get more results in less time, learn and use prioritization tools, avoid reactive responses, and develop organizational systems. Key aspects covered include identifying time challenges, determining where time is spent, applying the 80/20 rule to focus on high priority tasks, and using a framework involving destroying, doing, delegating, or deferring tasks to better manage demands on one's time.
Este documento presenta un resumen de los principales conceptos y métodos del análisis multivariante. Introduce el álgebra lineal y las distribuciones normales multivariadas. Explica el análisis de la matriz de covarianzas, incluyendo componentes principales, análisis factorial y correlaciones canónicas. Finalmente, cubre técnicas de clasificación como análisis discriminante y de conglomerados.
The document summarizes key technologies of 2021 and the theories related to their adoption. It discusses how the internet has evolved to include FACT-checked information on FIT networks. It also describes how social networking sites are now used by professors to share course content, and how critical mass theory and other theories explain their adoption. New smart phones all include advanced features, while older technologies like home phones are less common. Social learning theory and the theory of the long tail help explain trends in phone adoption.
The Export-Import Bureau of India welcomes participants to the WESCON-2014 conference. The document outlines various schemes provided by the Indian government to help exporters compete internationally and offer quality products at reasonable prices. It details incentives like exemptions from sales tax and excise duties, duty drawback programs, advance authorizations to import duty-free, and export promotion initiatives to boost focus markets and products. The Bureau provides information on availing these exemptions and incentives to support Indian exports.
We are pleased to attach here with valuable information shared about Export Incentives & Exemptions offered by Government of India, a detailed power point presentation presented by Shalishkumar-CEO, Export Import Bureau of India as speaker at WESCON - 2014 seminar held at Vadodara on 27h June 2014.
Goods and Services Tax (GST) is a proposed indirect tax regime in India that will combine taxes and levies by the central and state governments into a single tax applicable on goods and services. GST is proposed to be a comprehensive indirect tax on the manufacture, sale and consumption of goods and services throughout India. It will replace multiple taxes levied by the central and state governments. Some key taxes proposed to be subsumed under GST include central excise duty, services tax, VAT/sales tax, octroi, and other local body taxes. GST is expected to be implemented at a standard rate of 16-20% and will be based on an invoice credit method system.
The document provides an overview of India's foreign trade policy, including how it is drafted, implemented, and related to other laws and departments. It discusses how the policy is formulated by DGFT under the Ministry of Commerce and implemented with help from Customs, Excise, and RBI. It also summarizes the key acts, laws, and regulations that must be considered in implementing the policy, including those governing customs, excise, foreign exchange, and industrial development. Finally, it outlines the organizational structure of DGFT and provides high-level details on the structure and contents of the Foreign Trade Policy documents.
1. The document outlines Pakistan's withholding tax regime, including tax rates, who is responsible for deducting/collecting tax, and when tax must be deposited.
2. Key points covered include tax to be collected from importers by customs collectors, tax to be deducted from salary, dividends, profits on debt, payments to non-residents, and various other income streams, at prescribed rates depending on filer/non-filer status.
3. Deductions/collections must generally be deposited on the date deducted if the agent is the federal/provincial government, or within 7 days of deduction for other agents. Most taxes are considered final but some may be adjustable against tax liability
Assignment on export and import procedures of flying king exports and imports...Juhi Shah
The document provides information on the export and import procedures of Flying King Exports and Imports Company. It discusses the company's background, objectives, quality policy, products and services related to export and import of items like food products, general products, and scrap metals. It also describes the export procedures including obtaining necessary registrations and licenses, quality inspections, and packaging and labeling of goods. The import procedures involve registration, restrictions on prohibited or regulated items, clearance requirements like filing a bill of entry, assessment of duties, and examination of goods. Detailed customs processes for clearance of imported and exported goods including documentation and assessment are also summarized.
- Flying King Exports and Imports Company was established in Kollam, Kerala to develop business both within India and overseas through maintaining product quality, price competitiveness, and high service standards.
- The company exports and imports a variety of food, general, and metal products. It follows all necessary export and import procedures like obtaining licenses, adhering to quality standards, and completing customs clearances and paperwork.
- The import procedure involves submitting a bill of entry, cargo declaration, invoices, licenses, certificates, and declarations to customs officials for clearance and assessing duties. Adhering to proper documentation and procedures ensures legal and smooth import/export of goods.
The document provides an overview of key aspects of the Integrated Goods and Services Tax (IGST) Act in India. It notes that IGST is levied on all inter-state supplies of goods and services at a rate not exceeding 40%. Zero-rated supplies that allow for input tax credit include exports and supplies to special economic zones. Advance rulings under the IGST Act provide binding guidance on issues like classification and taxability. Refund provisions exist for taxes wrongly paid and for goods purchased in India by international tourists.
Import and Export Duty Benefit schemes and Availing procedures.pptxGuhan2015
1) The document discusses various Indian government agencies and procedures involved in imports and exports, including obtaining an Import Export Code (IEC), registering for a Bill of Import/Export, and several export promotion schemes.
2) Major export promotion schemes outlined are the Export Promotion Capital Goods Scheme, Duty Exemption/Remission Scheme (including Advance Authorization, Annual Advance Authorization, Duty Free Import Authorization, and Duty Entitlement Pass Book Scheme), and Duty Drawback Scheme.
3) Under these schemes, exporters can import capital goods and raw materials at reduced or zero customs duty for use in manufacturing exports, and can receive duty credits or refunds on export sales.
The document provides information on import procedures and regulations in India. It discusses that imports are governed by the Foreign Trade (Development & Regulation) Act of 1992 and outlines the key steps, which include selecting an import product, obtaining an Importer-Exporter Code, applying for an import license if required, and finalizing import contracts considering pricing terms and INCO terms. Key import schemes like Export Promotion Capital Goods and Duty Exemption are also summarized.
Birds Eye View of Central Excise & CusotmsHiregange
This document discusses key aspects of central excise laws and procedures in India. It outlines the main acts and rules that govern central excise, including the Central Excise Act, Central Excise Tariff Act, and Central Excise Rules. It also describes the types of duties that can be levied, such as basic excise duty, special excise duty, and cess. Furthermore, it explains some of the key steps in determining the excisability of a product and the procedures for valuation, classification, and removal of goods for excise purposes.
This document provides an overview of key aspects of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India such as what GST is, taxes subsumed under GST, intra-state and inter-state taxes, the concept of supply, registration requirements, place of supply, the reverse charge mechanism, and return filing procedures. It discusses topics like the definition of supply, composite and mixed supplies, registration thresholds, compulsory registration scenarios, timelines for registration, and various return forms such as GSTR-1, GSTR-3B, and GSTR-4 with their periodicity and due dates.
Best chartered accountant services in India with all kind of Tax and accounting. Our experienced and qualified chartered accountant professionals can help you in managing your personal or corporate finances effectively.
Optitax's presentation on carotar [07 jan 2021]Nilesh Mahajan
- India offers reduced customs duties on imports of certain goods originating from certain countries/regions subject to rules of origin criteria and compliances.
- The customs rules regarding rules of origin (CAROTAR) were recently updated, increasing importer accountability and scrutiny of origin declarations.
- Under the new CAROTAR rules, importers must maintain detailed origin-related records in Form I for 5 years and are subject to verification by customs authorities to substantiate origin claims and avoid penalties for non-compliance.
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Key Takeaways:
Make in india
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The document discusses India localization with respect to SAP, including an introduction to Indian taxes, CENVAT concepts, tax procedures, registers, and configurations needed in SAP. It covers the Indian tax structure of direct and indirect taxes, types of excise duties, CENVAT rules, and how CENVAT credit is availed. It also discusses sales processes, tax procedures, excise registers, and transactions codes relevant for India localization in SAP.
This document provides an overview of excise duty in India. It defines excise duty as a tax on goods manufactured in India and intended for domestic consumption. It is payable by manufacturers at the time of production or removal of goods. The key points covered include the types of excise duties, eligible duties for CENVAT credit, valuation methods, the excise control code number system, and requirements for central excise invoicing.
Similar to Cbr presentation 1 dtre engineering (20)
1. In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the
Most Merciful
2. OUR TOPIC TODAYOUR TOPIC TODAY
““Customs related procedures on exportCustoms related procedures on export
of goods and Revamped DTRE Schemeof goods and Revamped DTRE Scheme
in the context of Engineering Sector.”in the context of Engineering Sector.”
3. What is the DTRE Scheme?What is the DTRE Scheme?
Duty & Tax Remission for Exports.Duty & Tax Remission for Exports.
Allows for importAllows for import ANDAND local procurement oflocal procurement of
inputs without payment of customs duty,inputs without payment of customs duty,
excise duty, sales tax and withholding tax.excise duty, sales tax and withholding tax.
Facility available only for use in theFacility available only for use in the
manufacture of goods meant for export.manufacture of goods meant for export.
4. Where can we find the DTREWhere can we find the DTRE
Rules?Rules?
These Rules are a part of the CustomsThese Rules are a part of the Customs
Rules, 2001 notified vide SRORules, 2001 notified vide SRO
450(I)/2001 dated 18.06.2001.450(I)/2001 dated 18.06.2001.
DTRE Rules begin at Rule 296 and endDTRE Rules begin at Rule 296 and end
at Rule 307 in the above mentionedat Rule 307 in the above mentioned
Customs Rules. (Only 12 Rules in total).Customs Rules. (Only 12 Rules in total).
5. WHAT DO THESE RULESWHAT DO THESE RULES
EXPLAINEXPLAIN
Rule 296 – Definitions.Rule 296 – Definitions.
Rule 297 – Scope of the DTRE facility.Rule 297 – Scope of the DTRE facility.
Rule 298 – Application for DTRE Approval.Rule 298 – Application for DTRE Approval.
Rule 299 – Input-Output ratios & wastages.Rule 299 – Input-Output ratios & wastages.
Rule 300 – Grant of DTRE Approval.Rule 300 – Grant of DTRE Approval.
6. WHAT DO THESE RULESWHAT DO THESE RULES
EXPLAIN-2EXPLAIN-2
Rule 301 – Amendment, suspension orRule 301 – Amendment, suspension or
cancellation of DTRE Approval.cancellation of DTRE Approval.
Rule 302 – Acquisition of duty-free inputs.Rule 302 – Acquisition of duty-free inputs.
Rule 303 – Acquisition of duty-paid inputs.Rule 303 – Acquisition of duty-paid inputs.
Rule 304 – Acquisition of locally made inputs.Rule 304 – Acquisition of locally made inputs.
Rule 305 – Utilization of input goods.Rule 305 – Utilization of input goods.
7. WHAT DO THESE RULESWHAT DO THESE RULES
EXPLAIN-3EXPLAIN-3
Rule 306 – Export of manufactured goods.Rule 306 – Export of manufactured goods.
Rule 307 – Exports to Afghanistan.Rule 307 – Exports to Afghanistan.
Rule 307A – Unaccounted un-exported goods.Rule 307A – Unaccounted un-exported goods.
Rule 307B – Refund of Sales Tax.Rule 307B – Refund of Sales Tax.
Rule 307C – Records and documents.Rule 307C – Records and documents.
8. WHAT DO THESE RULESWHAT DO THESE RULES
EXPLAIN-4EXPLAIN-4
Rule 307D – Reconciliation Statement.Rule 307D – Reconciliation Statement.
Rule 307E – DTRE Audit.Rule 307E – DTRE Audit.
Rule 307F – Power to suspend DTRERule 307F – Power to suspend DTRE
facility.facility.
Rule 307G – Miscellaneous.Rule 307G – Miscellaneous.
9. WHAT needs to be done to startWHAT needs to be done to start
using the DTRE Facilityusing the DTRE Facility
Get registered with the Sales Tax DepartmentGet registered with the Sales Tax Department
through your local Sales Tax Collector.through your local Sales Tax Collector.
Apply over the web through PACCS (Apply over the web through PACCS (
www.paccs.gov.pkwww.paccs.gov.pk) to your local Sales Tax) to your local Sales Tax
Collector by filling out the form appended withCollector by filling out the form appended with
the DTRE Rules.the DTRE Rules.
Also declare the input-output ratios &Also declare the input-output ratios &
wastages of your products as per thewastages of your products as per the
appended form.appended form.
10. Some Caution & Some SecuritySome Caution & Some Security
Before granting you a DTRE Approval, the CollectorBefore granting you a DTRE Approval, the Collector
may need to verify your production capacity &may need to verify your production capacity &
business turnover from your Sales Tax Profile tobusiness turnover from your Sales Tax Profile to
ensure that the quantity of input goods applied for isensure that the quantity of input goods applied for is
commensurate with your actual production andcommensurate with your actual production and
business capacity. He may also consult the records ofbusiness capacity. He may also consult the records of
IOCO to ensure that ratios & wastages claimed are asIOCO to ensure that ratios & wastages claimed are as
per industry standards.per industry standards.
If the Collector is satisfied with your bona fides, heIf the Collector is satisfied with your bona fides, he
shall issue you a DTRE Approval & secure theshall issue you a DTRE Approval & secure the
suspended duty & taxes against prescribed securitysuspended duty & taxes against prescribed security
instruments, which you have to furnish.instruments, which you have to furnish.
11. How to Proceed Further & AcquireHow to Proceed Further & Acquire
Input GoodsInput Goods
Once you have the Approval, you can now freely import/acquireOnce you have the Approval, you can now freely import/acquire
duty-free inputs. Local inputs are to be reported by you to theduty-free inputs. Local inputs are to be reported by you to the
Regulatory Collector to be fed into PACCS while imported inputsRegulatory Collector to be fed into PACCS while imported inputs
are fed into PACCS by the Customs staff at the port of import.are fed into PACCS by the Customs staff at the port of import.
You can also now acquire duty-paid input goods for which youYou can also now acquire duty-paid input goods for which you
can later claim duty drawback as per the relevant duty drawbackcan later claim duty drawback as per the relevant duty drawback
notification.notification.
If you acquire inputs from registered person, then he is liable toIf you acquire inputs from registered person, then he is liable to
issue you a zero-rated invoice under section 23 of the Sales Taxissue you a zero-rated invoice under section 23 of the Sales Tax
Act, mentioning therein your Approval No. & date.Act, mentioning therein your Approval No. & date.
12. How Much Time do you have toHow Much Time do you have to
Utilize the Input GoodsUtilize the Input Goods
You now need to utilize those inputsYou now need to utilize those inputs
goods within eighteen months from thegoods within eighteen months from the
date of acquisition.date of acquisition.
After utilization, you can now exportAfter utilization, you can now export
your goods by filing a Bill of Export oryour goods by filing a Bill of Export or
Goods Declaration mentioning thereinGoods Declaration mentioning therein
the Approval No. & date.the Approval No. & date.
13. WHAT to do now that Export hasWHAT to do now that Export has
taken placetaken place
Within sixty days of the expiry of the utilizationWithin sixty days of the expiry of the utilization
period, or even earlier, after export, you willperiod, or even earlier, after export, you will
have to file a reconciliation statement with thehave to file a reconciliation statement with the
Regulatory Collector.Regulatory Collector.
The Collector will then carry out a post-The Collector will then carry out a post-
exportation audit of your record & if you haveexportation audit of your record & if you have
fulfilled your obligations, your securityfulfilled your obligations, your security
instruments would be released.instruments would be released.
14. WHAT RECORDS ARE TO BE KEPT &WHAT RECORDS ARE TO BE KEPT &
MAINTAINED BY THE DTRE USERMAINTAINED BY THE DTRE USER
Copies of DTRE applications and DTRE approvals.Copies of DTRE applications and DTRE approvals.
Records of acquisitions of input goods and exports.Records of acquisitions of input goods and exports.
Record for destruction or other authorized disposal ofRecord for destruction or other authorized disposal of
input goods and output goods.input goods and output goods.
Export contracts or orders and supply contracts orExport contracts or orders and supply contracts or
orders.orders.
15. WHAT GOODS ARE NOT WITHIN THEWHAT GOODS ARE NOT WITHIN THE
AMBIT OF DTRE SCHEMEAMBIT OF DTRE SCHEME
The DTRE facility is not admissible to:The DTRE facility is not admissible to:
o Polyester Staple Fiber (PSF), Pure TerephthalicPolyester Staple Fiber (PSF), Pure Terephthalic
Acid (PTA), Raw Sugar, Cooking Oil or VegetableAcid (PTA), Raw Sugar, Cooking Oil or Vegetable
Ghee or their raw materials.Ghee or their raw materials.
o Goods which are banned or restricted under theGoods which are banned or restricted under the
Import & Export Policy Orders on account ofImport & Export Policy Orders on account of
national security, public health and cultural, moralnational security, public health and cultural, moral
or religious considerations.or religious considerations.
16. Export Facilitation Provisions in theExport Facilitation Provisions in the
DTRE Rules-1DTRE Rules-1
Allow the import AND local procurement of all inputAllow the import AND local procurement of all input
goods needed for exports production, without payment ofgoods needed for exports production, without payment of
customs duty, central excise duty, advance income taxcustoms duty, central excise duty, advance income tax
and sales tax.and sales tax.
Such duty-free imports and local procurement areSuch duty-free imports and local procurement are
available to direct as well as indirect exporters.available to direct as well as indirect exporters.
The indirect exporters are those who provide input goodsThe indirect exporters are those who provide input goods
or services to direct exporters for the purpose of exportor services to direct exporters for the purpose of export
production.production.
17. Export Facilitation Provisions in theExport Facilitation Provisions in the
DTRE Rules-2DTRE Rules-2
A wider definition of the term “export” that includes anyA wider definition of the term “export” that includes any
supply of goods:supply of goods:
o By an indirect exporter to a direct exporter;By an indirect exporter to a direct exporter;
o Against international tenders;Against international tenders;
o To projects or sectors entitled to import or purchase such goodsTo projects or sectors entitled to import or purchase such goods
free of duties and taxes; andfree of duties and taxes; and
o To Export Processing Zones.To Export Processing Zones.
18. Export Facilitation Provisions in theExport Facilitation Provisions in the
DTRE Rules-3DTRE Rules-3
A wider definition of the term “input goods” thatA wider definition of the term “input goods” that
not only includes services but also:not only includes services but also:
o Trims and accessories;Trims and accessories;
o Electricity and gas on which sales tax has been paid;Electricity and gas on which sales tax has been paid;
andand
o Furnace or diesel oil for the generation of electricityFurnace or diesel oil for the generation of electricity
used or consumed in the manufacture of exportused or consumed in the manufacture of export
goods.goods.
19. Export Facilitation Provisions in theExport Facilitation Provisions in the
DTRE Rules-4DTRE Rules-4
A wider definition of the term “import” to include:A wider definition of the term “import” to include:
o Purchase of inputs from EPZs.Purchase of inputs from EPZs.
o Purchase of inputs from a Private or Public BondedPurchase of inputs from a Private or Public Bonded
Warehouse including Manufacturing Bond.Warehouse including Manufacturing Bond.
20. Export Facilitation Provisions in theExport Facilitation Provisions in the
DTRE Rules-5DTRE Rules-5
DTRE Scheme has been granted wide applicability andDTRE Scheme has been granted wide applicability and
is available to:is available to:
o All persons registered as exporter under the Sales Tax Act,All persons registered as exporter under the Sales Tax Act,
1990.1990.
o All commercial exporters engaged in the purchase and export ofAll commercial exporters engaged in the purchase and export of
same-state-goods.same-state-goods.
o All contracted vendors of foreign manufacturers or foreignAll contracted vendors of foreign manufacturers or foreign
buyers.buyers.
o All persons who make value-addition in the manufacture andAll persons who make value-addition in the manufacture and
export of goods.export of goods.
21. Export Facilitation Provisions in theExport Facilitation Provisions in the
DTRE Rules-6DTRE Rules-6
DTRE Approval can be sought on the basis of:DTRE Approval can be sought on the basis of:
o Specific export or supply contract or order.Specific export or supply contract or order.
o Past export performance substantiated vide Bills ofPast export performance substantiated vide Bills of
Export or e-Forms or Sales Tax Returns for the pastExport or e-Forms or Sales Tax Returns for the past
two years.two years.
o Past supplies to direct or commercial exporters (inPast supplies to direct or commercial exporters (in
case of indirect exporters).case of indirect exporters).
22. Export Facilitation Provisions in theExport Facilitation Provisions in the
DTRE Rules-7DTRE Rules-7
A consolidated DTRE Approval can be soughtA consolidated DTRE Approval can be sought
by an indirect exporter who has more than oneby an indirect exporter who has more than one
Supply Contract/Purchase Order from a direct orSupply Contract/Purchase Order from a direct or
commercial exporter.commercial exporter.
Tags and printed materials supplied by a foreignTags and printed materials supplied by a foreign
supplier without involvement of foreign exchangesupplier without involvement of foreign exchange
from Pakistan are allowed to be imported withoutfrom Pakistan are allowed to be imported without
any quantitative restriction.any quantitative restriction.
23. Export Facilitation Provisions in theExport Facilitation Provisions in the
DTRE Rules-8DTRE Rules-8
A flexible regime of security instruments in lieuA flexible regime of security instruments in lieu
of suspended duty & taxes:of suspended duty & taxes:
o Indemnity bond alongwith the post-dated cheque fromIndemnity bond alongwith the post-dated cheque from
a direct and indirect exporter;a direct and indirect exporter;
o Bank guarantee from a commercial exporter; andBank guarantee from a commercial exporter; and
o Corporate guarantee from exporters in the corporateCorporate guarantee from exporters in the corporate
sector.sector.
24. Export Facilitation Provisions in theExport Facilitation Provisions in the
DTRE Rules-9DTRE Rules-9
Where export under a separate contract can notWhere export under a separate contract can not
be arranged out of regular production due tobe arranged out of regular production due to
valid reasons, past export performance as wellvalid reasons, past export performance as well
as contract-based DTRE Approval may beas contract-based DTRE Approval may be
granted concurrently for the output goods of thegranted concurrently for the output goods of the
same or different description.same or different description.
No DTRE application can be rejected withoutNo DTRE application can be rejected without
affording a hearing opportunity to the applicant.affording a hearing opportunity to the applicant.
25. Export Facilitation Provisions in theExport Facilitation Provisions in the
DTRE Rules-10DTRE Rules-10
A DTRE user may apply to a RegulatoryA DTRE user may apply to a Regulatory
Collector for amendment in the previousCollector for amendment in the previous
Approval or for its cancellation and each suchApproval or for its cancellation and each such
request has to be decided within ten days.request has to be decided within ten days.
No request for a cancellation of, or amendmentNo request for a cancellation of, or amendment
in, an existing DTRE Approval can be rejectedin, an existing DTRE Approval can be rejected
without affording a hearing opportunity.without affording a hearing opportunity.
26. Export Facilitation Provisions in theExport Facilitation Provisions in the
DTRE Rules-11DTRE Rules-11
The Regulatory Collector may allow a DTRE user toThe Regulatory Collector may allow a DTRE user to
utilize his duty-free acquired input goods for his newutilize his duty-free acquired input goods for his new
Approval if his previous DTRE Approval has beenApproval if his previous DTRE Approval has been
cancelled due to pre-mature termination or cancellationcancelled due to pre-mature termination or cancellation
of the export or supply contract or if such input goodsof the export or supply contract or if such input goods
have been rendered surplus for any valid reason.have been rendered surplus for any valid reason.
A DTRE user is entitled to claim duty drawback onA DTRE user is entitled to claim duty drawback on
acquisition of duty-paid input goods subject to theacquisition of duty-paid input goods subject to the
applicable duty drawback notification after full dischargeapplicable duty drawback notification after full discharge
of the liabilities and obligations.of the liabilities and obligations.
27. Export Facilitation Provisions in theExport Facilitation Provisions in the
DTRE Rules-12DTRE Rules-12
A DTRE user may, with the permission of the Regulatory Collector, disposeA DTRE user may, with the permission of the Regulatory Collector, dispose
of the input goods or output goods within the prescribed utilization period inof the input goods or output goods within the prescribed utilization period in
the following manner, namely:the following manner, namely:
o Return to person who had supplied the input goods.Return to person who had supplied the input goods.
o Sale, by a DTRE user to another DTRE user for export.Sale, by a DTRE user to another DTRE user for export.
o Local sale (upon permission by the Collector) on payment of duties and taxesLocal sale (upon permission by the Collector) on payment of duties and taxes
leviable at the time of such saleleviable at the time of such sale
o Destruction after approval of the Regulatory Collector if goods are not fit forDestruction after approval of the Regulatory Collector if goods are not fit for
consumption or sale with remission of duty and taxes.consumption or sale with remission of duty and taxes.
o Local sale of B-grade products, factory rejects or wastage on payment of leviableLocal sale of B-grade products, factory rejects or wastage on payment of leviable
duties and taxes.duties and taxes.
28. Export Facilitation Provisions in theExport Facilitation Provisions in the
DTRE Rules-13DTRE Rules-13
Refund of sales tax on electricity or gas orRefund of sales tax on electricity or gas or
services utilized as input goods for DTREservices utilized as input goods for DTRE
purpose shall be admissible to a DTREpurpose shall be admissible to a DTRE
user as admissible under the Sales Taxuser as admissible under the Sales Tax
Act, 1990 if the value of tax paid inputsAct, 1990 if the value of tax paid inputs
other than electricity, gas and servicesother than electricity, gas and services
does not exceed 20% of the total value ofdoes not exceed 20% of the total value of
the DTRE approval.the DTRE approval.
29. DTRE SCHEME & THEDTRE SCHEME & THE
PROBLEMSPROBLEMS
OF ENGINEERING SECTOR - 1OF ENGINEERING SECTOR - 1
The Approval procedure is lengthy andThe Approval procedure is lengthy and
complicated.complicated.
Utilization period of 18 months is tooUtilization period of 18 months is too
short.short.
PDCs and IBs remain stuck due toPDCs and IBs remain stuck due to
delayed audits.delayed audits.
30. DTRE SCHEME & THEDTRE SCHEME & THE
PROBLEMSPROBLEMS
OF ENGINEERING SECTOR - 2OF ENGINEERING SECTOR - 2
Local suppliers of inputs avoid issuingLocal suppliers of inputs avoid issuing
zero-rated invoices.zero-rated invoices.
Input-output ratios are not correctlyInput-output ratios are not correctly
determined.determined.
The necessity to apply via PACCSThe necessity to apply via PACCS
increases the access time to DTRE.increases the access time to DTRE.
31. The Approval procedure is lengthy andThe Approval procedure is lengthy and
complicated.complicated.
A question of balance between quickness andA question of balance between quickness and
compliance formalities prescribed by rule 300.compliance formalities prescribed by rule 300.
Bona fides of the applicant.Bona fides of the applicant.
Feeding the Approvals into PACCS.Feeding the Approvals into PACCS.
Securing of suspended duty & taxes through IB/BG/CG fromSecuring of suspended duty & taxes through IB/BG/CG from
direct/indirect, commercial exporters or corporate exportersdirect/indirect, commercial exporters or corporate exporters
respectively.respectively.
Verification of production capacity/business turnover toVerification of production capacity/business turnover to
ensure that import is commensurate with capacity.ensure that import is commensurate with capacity.
Verify input-output ratios & wastages are as per industryVerify input-output ratios & wastages are as per industry
standard. Collector may have to consult IOCO in this regard.standard. Collector may have to consult IOCO in this regard.
Details of past exports performance or the Contract or bothDetails of past exports performance or the Contract or both
need to be verified.need to be verified.
In case of rejection, hearing opportunity has to be afforded.In case of rejection, hearing opportunity has to be afforded.
32. Utilization period of 18 months isUtilization period of 18 months is
too short.too short.
18 months is from the date of acquisition not18 months is from the date of acquisition not
Approval.Approval.
Rule 305 provides for further extension by the CBR.Rule 305 provides for further extension by the CBR.
CBR is liberal in granting extensions in individual andCBR is liberal in granting extensions in individual and
deserving cases.deserving cases.
However, blanket extension in the utilization periodHowever, blanket extension in the utilization period
will give rise to compliance issues.will give rise to compliance issues.
33. PDCs and IBs remain stuck due toPDCs and IBs remain stuck due to
delayed audits.delayed audits.
Some onus on the DTRE users because, asSome onus on the DTRE users because, as
per rule 307E, post-exportation audit has toper rule 307E, post-exportation audit has to
be completed within a period of twelve monthsbe completed within a period of twelve months
after expiry of the utilization period or afterafter expiry of the utilization period or after
filing of the reconciliation statement withinfiling of the reconciliation statement within
sixty days of the expiry of the utilizationsixty days of the expiry of the utilization
period, whichever is earlier.period, whichever is earlier.
However, in specific cases, users are free toHowever, in specific cases, users are free to
approach CBR if there is delay beyond theapproach CBR if there is delay beyond the
specified period.specified period.
34. Local suppliers of inputs avoid issuingLocal suppliers of inputs avoid issuing
zero-rated invoices.zero-rated invoices.
The apparent reason for this is that localThe apparent reason for this is that local
suppliers want to hide the quantum of theirsuppliers want to hide the quantum of their
business by avoiding documentation.business by avoiding documentation.
The solution is to identify and report to theThe solution is to identify and report to the
Collector or CBR any and all such instances.Collector or CBR any and all such instances.
Rule 304 (2) caters to registered suppliers;Rule 304 (2) caters to registered suppliers;
hence, the reporting will lead to action.hence, the reporting will lead to action.
35. Input-output ratios are not correctlyInput-output ratios are not correctly
determined.determined.
Sales Tax staff is not supposed to be experts on ratios &Sales Tax staff is not supposed to be experts on ratios &
wastages. They simply know the law & procedures.wastages. They simply know the law & procedures.
Under rule 300 (3) (b), the Collector is free to consult the recordUnder rule 300 (3) (b), the Collector is free to consult the record
of IOCO to ensure that ratios & wastages claimed are as perof IOCO to ensure that ratios & wastages claimed are as per
industry standards.industry standards.
Users are free to disagree and can ask the Collector for aUsers are free to disagree and can ask the Collector for a
referral to the EDB.referral to the EDB.
Collector is free to avail any forum to establish the bona fides ofCollector is free to avail any forum to establish the bona fides of
a DTRE applicant and application.a DTRE applicant and application.
Problems in ratio determination can be communicated to CBR,Problems in ratio determination can be communicated to CBR,
which can take up specific cases with the Collector.which can take up specific cases with the Collector.
36. The necessity to apply via PACCSThe necessity to apply via PACCS
increases the access time to DTRE.increases the access time to DTRE.
PACCS has been established in the larger economic interest.PACCS has been established in the larger economic interest.
Identify & specify the problems and let CBR know so that these can beIdentify & specify the problems and let CBR know so that these can be
rectified.rectified.
Before PACCS, DTRE users had to import goods through one particularBefore PACCS, DTRE users had to import goods through one particular
port because a paper based register was maintained only at oneport because a paper based register was maintained only at one
particular Customs station. Since quota debiting was involved, theparticular Customs station. Since quota debiting was involved, the
goods had to travel to the port where the register was placed beforegoods had to travel to the port where the register was placed before
clearance could be allowed by Customs. Thus users were incurringclearance could be allowed by Customs. Thus users were incurring
transportation cost.transportation cost.
All registers are electronic in the PACCS environment and are availableAll registers are electronic in the PACCS environment and are available
online to all Customs formations. With PACCS e-registers, businessesonline to all Customs formations. With PACCS e-registers, businesses
are free to clear their cargo from any convenient port.are free to clear their cargo from any convenient port.