Kidney stones develop when minerals clump together and form a solid mass in the urinary tract. Some common causes of kidney stones include dehydration, as drinking less water means urine cannot dilute minerals as effectively. Certain foods high in minerals that form stones, like oxalates, sodium, and animal proteins, can also increase risk, while calcium-rich foods may prevent stones. Some medications, both over-the-counter and prescription, are associated with higher risks of developing kidney stones as a side effect as well.