This document provides guidance on writing a cause and effect essay. It defines cause and effect essays as examining events, conditions, or behaviors that led to or resulted from something occurring. The writer should establish a timeline and avoid confusing correlation with causation. Organizing thoughts with a modified Venn diagram can help the writer choose the main causes or effects to discuss. Characteristics of a strong cause and effect essay include using assertive language, factual evidence, and focusing on either causes or effects from one perspective in a clear thesis.
This document provides information about writing a cause and effect essay. It discusses analyzing connections between events or concepts and tracing ideas back to their root causes through a "why game." The document offers examples of cause and effect relationships and provides guidance on structuring an essay, including using a pre-write outline to list causes and their corresponding effects with the thesis in the middle. It also discusses different ways to argue in a thesis, such as analyzing both causes and effects or arguing one event is the main cause or effect. The key advice is to show significance between causes and effects rather than just stating obvious connections.
This document provides information about writing a cause and effect essay. It discusses analyzing connections between events or concepts and tracing ideas back to their root causes through a "why game." The document offers examples of cause and effect relationships and provides guidance on organizing ideas, including using a pre-write outline. It also reviews different thesis structures for arguing causes and effects. The key advice is to show the significance of the relationships between causes and effects for the argument to be compelling.
The document provides guidance on writing an effective introduction paragraph, including:
1) The introduction paragraph should contain a hook to engage the reader, a bridge statement to provide context, and a thesis statement that clearly presents the main argument.
2) Examples of hooks include startling facts, powerful words, sound effects, anecdotes, rhetorical questions, and commands to the reader.
3) The bridge statement ties the hook to the topic and thesis, and can be written as a simile.
4) The thesis statement presents the writer's opinion on the topic and the main reasons to support that opinion. It avoids vague language and personal pronouns.
The document provides information about different types of materials included in a worksheet, specifically cause and effect, explanation and descriptive text, proverbs and riddles, and songs. It begins with an introduction thanking God and the teacher for the assignment. It expresses hope that the worksheet will be useful for increasing knowledge about the listed materials and how to use them. It welcomes criticism and suggestions to improve the worksheet.
OW14-L Page 1 of 2 Topic Sheet L Temple University Pla.docxalfred4lewis58146
OW14-L Page 1 of 2
Topic Sheet L Temple University Placement Test Topics
Directions:
Each of the topics below quotes a writer’s position on some issue. Choose one of the two topics assigned by the online application. In an
organized essay of about 350 words, (1) explain in your own words what the writer is saying AND (2) take a position on the writer’s
argument. (Issues you might wish to address include: Do you agree or disagree totally with the writer’s opinion or only to a certain
extent? Is the evidence used to support the writer’s argument convincing or weak? If weak, can you offer a better argument? Can you
cite a personal experience that either supports or undermines what the writer has said?) As you write your essay, you should periodically
refer to statements in the passage you are discussing. However, everything you write should be in your own words except, perhaps, for a
phrase or two from the passage that you may wish to quote.
Only the first few lines of the essay topics will be displayed by the online application. Therefore, be certain to have this printed at test
time. Choose only one topic from the two assigned by the online Placement Test Website.
L1. In Orwell’s classic novel 1984, Big Brother quells dissent and uses technology to control the minds of the population—all for the public good.
Big Brother's government has its own language, "Newspeak," and critical thinking and intellectual dissent are punished as "thought crimes." The
corporatization of higher education has led to many colleges and universities coming to resemble the unsettling realities of Orwell’s text. In response to
broad concerns over both the rising price of education and the mounting level of student debt, many universities have increasingly adopted corporate
models of institutional governance. While certainly some changes to the ways universities are run is needed, the corporate model has had unexpected
and dangerous consequences regarding the very purpose of higher education. For example, in Kansas the state Board of Regents recently voted to adopt
a new social media policy, which allows Kansas state universities to fire (tenured and untenured) employees for "improper use" of social media.
"Improper use" includes inciting violence, posting confidential information about students, or posting things that are "contrary to the best interests of the
university." In other words, the university can fire a professor or staff member who blogs, tweets, or Facebooks any criticism of the university, since the
“best interests” of the university are defined by the institution itself. Far from an anomaly, the Kansas policy is sadly part of a larger pattern of viewing
education as a business. Politicians and university managers, once called administrators, are systematically undermining the foundation of American
higher education, promoting the anti-intellectual ideology of higher education as job tr.
Most students and parents believe that once a student .docxjoyjonna282
Most students and parents believe that once a student is admitted into the Ivy League college or institution they are guaranteed a path to success. The most important thing that they forget is that an individual’s future is determined by how best they are able to play their own cards and find their own rainbow. On the question of whether it is worth attending elite universities, I believe it is worth attending but it does not guarantee an individual’s success in life. This is just a means through one gets the best knowledge and resources to face life.
Elite universities are being compared to huge ponds, which take up bright students and end up cutting down their ego thus killing their great potential. “It is worth being a small fish in a small pond rather than being a big fish in a big pond. It is evident that big fish will eventually move to a bigger pond rather than a small fish that is being overshadowed by big fishes” (Malcolm, 24). Caroline Sacks choose went to Brown university. Brown university is compared to the elite university. However, Caroline Sacks didn’t be a success in Brown university, Because she compare with her classmate,and she cannot accept she is not the best student in this university. Finally she give up her major. Caroline choose went to elite university, but she could not withstand the pressure. Although they have a lot of things is same with Caroline Sacks. Some student went to elite university, but finally they cannot graduated from university. However some student graduated from non elite university,but they get a success on society. This is an indication that prestigious institutions can act as a means to success just like any other institution that is available for higher learning. There are different people who have dropped out of the prestigious institutions and have grown to be better people in the society.
Go Philip think elite university can bring the more chance in the future. Guo Philip said “Having a diploma from one of the prestigious universities will provide one with an opportunity to get job offers from big companies and gain initial formal respect from the superiors” (Guo, 1). Guo Philip understand that when one gets admission into an Ivy League university for the their undergraduate, they have placed themselves in the best possible position to get further admission into another Ivy League institution for their post graduate degree. Guo Philip use his own story to explain. Guo is MIT bachelor degree, after he get master and doctor degree in Stanford. Guo use his own example to explain “Branded institutions are expensive but have resources that provide a bright student with an effective environment to come up with the best solution to the problems that face the society” (Guo, 2).
Even though Guo believes that elite universities have a leverage when it comes to being successful in life, he contends that “as one grows older they should realize that relationship with p ...
This presentation reviews math skills to help with everyday problems. Each of the 15 minute lessons covers a different math topic like decimals, fractions, percentages, and more. Completing all the lessons in under 3 weeks allows a review of the entire TABE Computation Math sections. The lessons provide examples and practice problems with step-by-step explanations to help master skills like adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing decimals.
This document provides information about writing a cause and effect essay. It discusses analyzing connections between events or concepts and tracing ideas back to their root causes through a "why game." The document offers examples of cause and effect relationships and provides guidance on structuring an essay, including using a pre-write outline to list causes and their corresponding effects with the thesis in the middle. It also discusses different ways to argue in a thesis, such as analyzing both causes and effects or arguing one event is the main cause or effect. The key advice is to show significance between causes and effects rather than just stating obvious connections.
This document provides information about writing a cause and effect essay. It discusses analyzing connections between events or concepts and tracing ideas back to their root causes through a "why game." The document offers examples of cause and effect relationships and provides guidance on organizing ideas, including using a pre-write outline. It also reviews different thesis structures for arguing causes and effects. The key advice is to show the significance of the relationships between causes and effects for the argument to be compelling.
The document provides guidance on writing an effective introduction paragraph, including:
1) The introduction paragraph should contain a hook to engage the reader, a bridge statement to provide context, and a thesis statement that clearly presents the main argument.
2) Examples of hooks include startling facts, powerful words, sound effects, anecdotes, rhetorical questions, and commands to the reader.
3) The bridge statement ties the hook to the topic and thesis, and can be written as a simile.
4) The thesis statement presents the writer's opinion on the topic and the main reasons to support that opinion. It avoids vague language and personal pronouns.
The document provides information about different types of materials included in a worksheet, specifically cause and effect, explanation and descriptive text, proverbs and riddles, and songs. It begins with an introduction thanking God and the teacher for the assignment. It expresses hope that the worksheet will be useful for increasing knowledge about the listed materials and how to use them. It welcomes criticism and suggestions to improve the worksheet.
OW14-L Page 1 of 2 Topic Sheet L Temple University Pla.docxalfred4lewis58146
OW14-L Page 1 of 2
Topic Sheet L Temple University Placement Test Topics
Directions:
Each of the topics below quotes a writer’s position on some issue. Choose one of the two topics assigned by the online application. In an
organized essay of about 350 words, (1) explain in your own words what the writer is saying AND (2) take a position on the writer’s
argument. (Issues you might wish to address include: Do you agree or disagree totally with the writer’s opinion or only to a certain
extent? Is the evidence used to support the writer’s argument convincing or weak? If weak, can you offer a better argument? Can you
cite a personal experience that either supports or undermines what the writer has said?) As you write your essay, you should periodically
refer to statements in the passage you are discussing. However, everything you write should be in your own words except, perhaps, for a
phrase or two from the passage that you may wish to quote.
Only the first few lines of the essay topics will be displayed by the online application. Therefore, be certain to have this printed at test
time. Choose only one topic from the two assigned by the online Placement Test Website.
L1. In Orwell’s classic novel 1984, Big Brother quells dissent and uses technology to control the minds of the population—all for the public good.
Big Brother's government has its own language, "Newspeak," and critical thinking and intellectual dissent are punished as "thought crimes." The
corporatization of higher education has led to many colleges and universities coming to resemble the unsettling realities of Orwell’s text. In response to
broad concerns over both the rising price of education and the mounting level of student debt, many universities have increasingly adopted corporate
models of institutional governance. While certainly some changes to the ways universities are run is needed, the corporate model has had unexpected
and dangerous consequences regarding the very purpose of higher education. For example, in Kansas the state Board of Regents recently voted to adopt
a new social media policy, which allows Kansas state universities to fire (tenured and untenured) employees for "improper use" of social media.
"Improper use" includes inciting violence, posting confidential information about students, or posting things that are "contrary to the best interests of the
university." In other words, the university can fire a professor or staff member who blogs, tweets, or Facebooks any criticism of the university, since the
“best interests” of the university are defined by the institution itself. Far from an anomaly, the Kansas policy is sadly part of a larger pattern of viewing
education as a business. Politicians and university managers, once called administrators, are systematically undermining the foundation of American
higher education, promoting the anti-intellectual ideology of higher education as job tr.
Most students and parents believe that once a student .docxjoyjonna282
Most students and parents believe that once a student is admitted into the Ivy League college or institution they are guaranteed a path to success. The most important thing that they forget is that an individual’s future is determined by how best they are able to play their own cards and find their own rainbow. On the question of whether it is worth attending elite universities, I believe it is worth attending but it does not guarantee an individual’s success in life. This is just a means through one gets the best knowledge and resources to face life.
Elite universities are being compared to huge ponds, which take up bright students and end up cutting down their ego thus killing their great potential. “It is worth being a small fish in a small pond rather than being a big fish in a big pond. It is evident that big fish will eventually move to a bigger pond rather than a small fish that is being overshadowed by big fishes” (Malcolm, 24). Caroline Sacks choose went to Brown university. Brown university is compared to the elite university. However, Caroline Sacks didn’t be a success in Brown university, Because she compare with her classmate,and she cannot accept she is not the best student in this university. Finally she give up her major. Caroline choose went to elite university, but she could not withstand the pressure. Although they have a lot of things is same with Caroline Sacks. Some student went to elite university, but finally they cannot graduated from university. However some student graduated from non elite university,but they get a success on society. This is an indication that prestigious institutions can act as a means to success just like any other institution that is available for higher learning. There are different people who have dropped out of the prestigious institutions and have grown to be better people in the society.
Go Philip think elite university can bring the more chance in the future. Guo Philip said “Having a diploma from one of the prestigious universities will provide one with an opportunity to get job offers from big companies and gain initial formal respect from the superiors” (Guo, 1). Guo Philip understand that when one gets admission into an Ivy League university for the their undergraduate, they have placed themselves in the best possible position to get further admission into another Ivy League institution for their post graduate degree. Guo Philip use his own story to explain. Guo is MIT bachelor degree, after he get master and doctor degree in Stanford. Guo use his own example to explain “Branded institutions are expensive but have resources that provide a bright student with an effective environment to come up with the best solution to the problems that face the society” (Guo, 2).
Even though Guo believes that elite universities have a leverage when it comes to being successful in life, he contends that “as one grows older they should realize that relationship with p ...
This presentation reviews math skills to help with everyday problems. Each of the 15 minute lessons covers a different math topic like decimals, fractions, percentages, and more. Completing all the lessons in under 3 weeks allows a review of the entire TABE Computation Math sections. The lessons provide examples and practice problems with step-by-step explanations to help master skills like adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing decimals.
This document contains examples of ratio and proportion word problems. It provides conversions between different units of measurement such as years to months, hours to minutes, kilometers to meters, and kilograms to grams. The ratios allow the determination of equivalent quantities in different units through proportional relationships.
The document outlines an agenda for a card day and meeting scheduled for November 10, 2022. The agenda includes discussing the financial report, school ID, t-shirt printing, PE uniform, distributing cards, and awarding certificates. It also allows for discussion of other matters.
The least common multiple (LCM) is the smallest number that is a multiple of both numbers. To find the LCM of two numbers:
1) List the multiples of each number
2) The LCM is the first number that appears in both lists
3) If no common multiple is found, continue listing multiples of each number until one is found
The document discusses ratios, proportions, and solving proportions. It provides examples of ratios, defines a proportion as two equal ratios, and explains how to check if proportions are true by seeing if the fractions are equal in lowest terms. It also discusses using cross multiplication to solve proportions, finding missing terms in proportions, similar figures and proportional sides, and applying proportions to find missing angle measures and side lengths.
This document appears to be a practice diagnostic test in English for a student named Juan Dela A. Dela Cruz III. It contains 25 multiple choice questions testing various concepts in English, including grammar, vocabulary, parts of books and reading comprehension. After the questions is a key with the correct answers for each question listed from 1 to 25.
This diagnostic test contains 50 multiple choice questions about science topics including:
1. Properties of matter like liquids, solids and gases.
2. Changes of state like evaporation and freezing.
3. Characteristics of living and non-living things.
4. Basic concepts in earth science like weather, day and night sky, and effects of the sun.
The document outlines a health protocol for entering a school with 5 steps: social distancing, using alcohol or hand sanitizer, wearing a facemask and face shield, entering only with a normal temperature and no COVID-19 symptoms, and wishing everyone a blessed healthy day.
This document discusses risk management and outlines a 5-step process. It defines risk management as identifying and mitigating potential risks that could impact an organization's implementation plan. The 5 steps are: 1) identify risks, 2) measure risks, 3) examine solutions, 4) implement solutions, and 5) monitor results. Key risks are strategic, operational, financial, legal, and reputational. Solutions include treating, tolerating, terminating, or transferring risks. Effective risk management increases success and reduces failure by leading organizations to their overall goals.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This document contains examples of ratio and proportion word problems. It provides conversions between different units of measurement such as years to months, hours to minutes, kilometers to meters, and kilograms to grams. The ratios allow the determination of equivalent quantities in different units through proportional relationships.
The document outlines an agenda for a card day and meeting scheduled for November 10, 2022. The agenda includes discussing the financial report, school ID, t-shirt printing, PE uniform, distributing cards, and awarding certificates. It also allows for discussion of other matters.
The least common multiple (LCM) is the smallest number that is a multiple of both numbers. To find the LCM of two numbers:
1) List the multiples of each number
2) The LCM is the first number that appears in both lists
3) If no common multiple is found, continue listing multiples of each number until one is found
The document discusses ratios, proportions, and solving proportions. It provides examples of ratios, defines a proportion as two equal ratios, and explains how to check if proportions are true by seeing if the fractions are equal in lowest terms. It also discusses using cross multiplication to solve proportions, finding missing terms in proportions, similar figures and proportional sides, and applying proportions to find missing angle measures and side lengths.
This document appears to be a practice diagnostic test in English for a student named Juan Dela A. Dela Cruz III. It contains 25 multiple choice questions testing various concepts in English, including grammar, vocabulary, parts of books and reading comprehension. After the questions is a key with the correct answers for each question listed from 1 to 25.
This diagnostic test contains 50 multiple choice questions about science topics including:
1. Properties of matter like liquids, solids and gases.
2. Changes of state like evaporation and freezing.
3. Characteristics of living and non-living things.
4. Basic concepts in earth science like weather, day and night sky, and effects of the sun.
The document outlines a health protocol for entering a school with 5 steps: social distancing, using alcohol or hand sanitizer, wearing a facemask and face shield, entering only with a normal temperature and no COVID-19 symptoms, and wishing everyone a blessed healthy day.
This document discusses risk management and outlines a 5-step process. It defines risk management as identifying and mitigating potential risks that could impact an organization's implementation plan. The 5 steps are: 1) identify risks, 2) measure risks, 3) examine solutions, 4) implement solutions, and 5) monitor results. Key risks are strategic, operational, financial, legal, and reputational. Solutions include treating, tolerating, terminating, or transferring risks. Effective risk management increases success and reduces failure by leading organizations to their overall goals.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
causeeffectessay.ppt
1. Writing a Cause or Effect
Essay
Mrs. Wishart
Senior Adjunct Instructor
Burlington County College
2. What is Cause & Effect?
When writing about a cause, the writer
looks at events that occurred and how
they led up to something occurring:
◦ What were the causes that led up to the 9/11
attack?
When writing about an effect, the writer
looks at events that occurred after an
event to analyze what has occurred as a
result:
◦ How has American society been effected by
the 9/11 attack?
3. Beyond Events
A Cause or Effect Essay often
examines more than events:
◦ The essay may give reasons or
explanations for:
Events
Conditions
Behaviors
4. Remember the Timeline
When writing this essay, writers who
decide to write from the perspective of
a cause need to focus on what
happened before a specific event.
Writers who decide to write from the
perspective of an effect need to focus
on what happened after a specific
event.
EVENT
Causes Effects
5. Make Sure to Avoid
Correlation
Correlation is different from causation:
◦ Correlation: there is a connection between
two or more things
While there may be a correlation between
children receiving vaccines and autism, that does
not mean that the vaccine causes autism
Think carefully about various types of fallacies – is this
“cause” a hasty generalization? Is it non sequitur? Is it
post hoc? If it is any of these, it’s a correlation and not a
cause.
◦ Causation: something makes something
else happen or exist.
A loud noise may be a causation for a baby
crying.
6. Neeld’s Heuristic Questions for
Cause/Effect:
These questions will help guide the writer on how to
look at the specific topic deeply:
◦ What causes females to perform better in school than
males?
◦ What causes people to choose to go to college/to choose
not to go to college?
◦ What are the effects of people earning a liberal arts
degree instead of a more specialized degree?
◦ What are the effects of colleges prejudging students who
are considered “street smart”?
◦ What is the purpose of attending college in the 21st
century?
◦ Why does increased job growth in college graduates
happen?
◦ What is the consequence of colleges maintaining
traditional instructional methods?
◦ What comes before deciding whether or not to go to
college?
7. Playing the “Why” Game
When writing a Cause/Effect Essay, the writer is often
answering why something occurred.
After asking why the first time, the writer should continue to
ask why in order to drill deeper into the subject:
◦ Malcolm X said, “Education is the passport to the future, for
tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for it today.” WHY?
◦ Malcolm X noticed that life takes preparation. WHY?
◦ More than likely, in their family lives, some people were taught
that they would go to college and some were taught that college
was not in their future WHY?
◦ Some parents were unfulfilled in their educational pursuits, so
they have become cynical about the need for further education.
WHY?
◦ The writer continues to play this game until he/she can go no
further. The game reveals how certain events may be related
and reveals deeper thought instead of surface thought.
8. Organizing Thoughts with a
Modified Venn Diagram
Causes Topic Effects
Record what
happened BEFORE
the topic. The writer
should make certain
the list contains at
least 6 items so the
best 3 can be chosen
for the essay.
Record the THESIS
STATEMENT here.
The writer needs to
keep his/her eye on
the topic, so recording
the thesis statement
will help assure the
lists are on point.
Record what
happened AFTER the
topic. The writer
should make certain
the list contains at
least 6 items so the
best 3 can be chosen
for the essay.
•Once the lists above are recorded, review each list carefully.
•Which list has the most potential to intrigue the audience?
•Which list interests the writer most?
•Choose the list, and then writer either a Cause OR an Effect
Essay.
•A 5 paragraph essay will not give the writer enough room to
write about both causes AND effects.
9. Characteristics to Include in the
Essay
Present the event or issue.
◦ The audience needs to understand the
problem or issue. Without this explanation,
the analysis will fall apart.
Use strong, assertive language that does
not reflect negativity or bias.
Use factual evidence and direct quotes
from They Say, I Say articles.
◦ Treat the writing scientifically – make a
hypothesis and then prove it through direct
information from the sources.
10. Other Questions to Consider:
Does the essay have an effective
introduction?
◦ Hook, transition, interesting thesis
Is the thesis clear, effective? Does it
preview the main points?
What are the causes/effects
discussed?
Does the writer focus on cause or
effect?
Is there a good conclusion?
11. Avoiding Bias and Negativity
Biased or negative statements steal the
authority of the writer. Which of the
following feels more convincing and has
more authority?
◦ The American public has long been blind to
the horrible effects of student debt on our
children’s futures. Student debt must be
avoided or the consequences will be dire
◦ In order for students to succeed in their lives,
student debt needs to be studied and
considered. Managing the amount of debt
taken on will help to assure a college
education has the desired effect on one’s life.
12. 3rd Person REQUIRED
For this essay, ALL paragraphs,
including the introduction and
conclusion, must be in 3rd person.
◦ 3rd person adds a sense of authority and
makes the writing more forceful.
I believe college should be made affordable for
all Americans.
By passing policies and instituting that make
college more affordable for today’s college
student, America will be better equipped to
compete in a global economy.
13. Types of Causal
Relationships
Material cause: a material determines its
behaviors – a rock falls because of its
heaviness.
Formal cause: an item’s form determines
its nature – a human differs from the
statue of a human.
Efficient cause: the event that begins the
first notable change – a human lifts a
rock.
Final cause: the ultimate end – often
difficult or impossible to predict,
especially if all events have not
completely played out. Wikipedia.
14. Other Types of Causal
Relationships
Necessary Cause: If x is a necessary
cause of y, then the presence of y
implies the presence of x. The presence
of x does not imply that y will occur.
Sufficient Cause: If x is a sufficient cause
of y, then the presence of x implies the
presence of y. However, z may also
cause y. The presence of y does not
imply the presence of x.
Contributory Cause: If the presumed
cause precedes the effect, and altering
the cause alters the effect, it is
contributory. Wikipedia.
15. Double Check
The writer should not state something
that is obvious.
The writer should make sure to
demonstrate the significance
between the causes or the effects in
the paper.
Surface thought is boring; deep
thought is informative and interesting.
16. The Pattern
For effect:
◦ Many causes might lead to one effect:
Cool kids didn’t study
Few kids went to college from neighborhood
College tuition rose faster than inflation
Effect: College not deemed plausible
For cause:
◦ One cause might lead to many effects:
Cause: More jobs require college
Effect: More students attend community college
Effect: More students carry massive student debt
Effect: More students consider which major has best
chance of leading to a job.
17. Sources:
Maldonado, Christina. “Writing Cause
and Effect Essays. “ Roxbury, MA:
Roxbury Community College Writing
Center, Fall 2008. Web. 20 March 2013.
Lindeman, Erika. A Rhetoric for Writing
Teachers. 2nd ed. NY: Oxford UP, 1987.
82-3. Print.
Wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality#Ne
cessary_and_sufficient_causes