CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1.pptx Breeding methods and achievements Nalanda college of horticulture Bihar agriculture University , sabour bhagalpur

1. CAULIFLOWER
BREEDING
PRESENTED BY:-SAURABH KUMAR SINGH
NCOH/26/2021-22
SUMITTED BY:-DR.RANJU KUMARI
DR.S.S SINGH
DR.ALOK KUMAR

2. Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. Var. Botrytis L.
 Chromosome number (2n = 2x = 18)
 Family :- Brassicaceae
 Mode of pollination:- cross pollinated crop.
Major growing areas :UP, Karnataka, West Bengal,
Punjab, and Bihar.
Origin :- Mediterranean region.
Ancestor:-B. Oleracea L. Var. Sylvestris L.
BOTANICAL CLASSIFICATION

3. Cauliflower is a biennial or annual herb.
The root system is strongly ramified, concentrating in
the top 30 cm of soil, with thick laterals penetrating
to deeper layers.
The stem is unbranched, 20-30 cm long and thickened
upwards.
The leaves are in a rosette (frame) of 15-25 large
oblong more or less erect leaves surrounding the
compact terminal flower head (curd).
Usually lateral buds do not develop in the leaf axils.
The glabrous leaves are almost sessile and coated
with a layer of wax.
PLANTTYPE-

4. 4 sepals, 4 petals, 6
stamens, and 2 carpels.
The carpels form a
superior ovary with false
septum and two rows of
campylotropous ovules.
The androecium is
tetradynamous, i.e.
There are two short and
four long stamens.
FLORAL BIOLOGY

5. The pollen grains are 30-40 μ in diameter and have
three germination pores.
The bright yellow petals become 15-25 mm long
and about 10 mm wide.
The sepals are erect.
The buds open under the pressure of the rapidly
growing petals. This process starts in the
afternoon, and usually the flowers become fully
expanded during the following morning.
The anthers open a few hours later, the flowers
being slightly protogynous.

6. 1.SELFING :-
 The self-compatible varieties of cauliflower can be selfed
by simply bagging the flowering stalk. Selfing is also
done by caging some plants with flies in cages or by
isolation planting of lines having decreased level of self-
incompatibility. With self-incompatible plants, bud
pollination gives better results. In this system, the
pollination is carried out in buds before 2-4 days of
opening, with emasculation or without emasculation.
POLLINATION TECHNIQUE IN
CAULIFLOWER

7. 2.CROSSING:-
The flowers may be emasculated by removing 6
stamens using a pair of forceps. In self- compatible
cauliflowers (European types), the stamens are
removed before the opening of the buds as the
flowers are already fertile in the bud stage,
crossing can be done at the same time. In self-
incompatible types, emasculation may be omitted.
When pollination cages are available, crosses
between self-incompatible types can be made by
insects such as honey bees, bumble bees and flies.

8. High yield
Breeding for Curd Quality, head shape and
size of head, Core width and length, Frame
size
Non-ricey, compact, bract free protected curds
with retentive cream/white curd colour(orange
colour-carotene pigments)
range >400 g/100 g in a deep orange curd to 3
g/100 g in a very white curd.
Self blanching habit.
BREEDING OBJECTIVE

9. Heat tolerance
Suitable varieties for curd formation in
summer (early and late), autumn maturing
genotypes and rainy seasons in the hills
Better seeding ability.
Self-incompatible but cross-compatible
inbreds to produce hybrids of tropical type
Resistance to diseases (black rot,
sclerotinia rot, alternaria blight, erwinia
rot)

10. BREEDING METHODS
• Introduction:-
• Introduction is basically a process of transposition of crop
plants from the place of their cultivation to such area where
they were never grown earlier.
• Primary introduction :- introduction which are immediately
adopted to the changed environment.
• Secondary introduction:- introduction which require few year
for adaptation.
Improved Japanese’ is an introduction from Israel. Plants erect,
leave bluish green, curds compact white, maturing in late
November to mid-December at 16-20°C. It does not tolerate hot
season.

11. It is the simplest and oldest breeding methods. the process of
choosing plant which have same phenotypic characteristics from
mass cultivation.
MASS SELECTION:- A large number of plants of similar
phenotype are selected and their seed are mixed together to
constitute the new variety.
1. Pusa Himjyoti
2. Pusa Snowball K-1
3. Pusa Ketki
4. Pant Shubhra
5. Pusa Deepali
6.pusa Aghani
SELECTION

12. The mating or Crossing of two plants or lines of
dissimilar genotype is known as hybridization.
PEDIGREE METHOD:- Individual plant are
selected from F2 generation and subsequent
generation, their progeny are grown and a record
of all the parent offspring relationship is
maintained.
Hybrid varieties:-
1. Pusa Shubhra (MGS 2-3×15-1-1)×D 96
2. Pusa Aghani
3.Pusa snowball “cross between EC12013 ×EC 12012”
HYBRIDIZATION

13. 1.Synthetic Varieties:-
A synthetic variety is produced by crossing in all
combinations a number of lines that combine well with
each other, and is maintained by open-pollination in
isolation.
Pusa Synthetic’ was synthesized at IARI, New Delhi in
1975 from 7 inbred lines with good combining ability. It
has erect plants with 24-28 leaves varying in colour. Curds
on, another such variety, namely, Pusa Early Synthetic’
was recommended for release in 1990.
Pant gobhi-3 released in GB Pantnagar University.
Population improvement approach

14. 2. Recurrent selection:-
The method involves reselection generation
after generation with interbeeding of selects
to provide for genetic recombinations.
Pant Shubra’ was developed through simple
recurrent selection at G.B. Pant University of
Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar.

15. Biotic stress
 Blackrot, Curd and inflorescence blight
resistant varieties:–
 Pusa Shubhra, Pusa snowball K-1
Sclerotia rot resistant - Pusa Snowball K-2 S.
Abiotic stress
1. Early Kunwari
2.Pusa early synthetic
3.Pusa ketki.
4. Pusa Deepali
RESISTANCE BREEDING