Universidad Nacional Experimental "Francisco de Miranda" provides a summary of key grammatical concepts in Spanish, including nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, and verbs. Nouns are divided into proper, common, collective, and abstract nouns. Characteristics of nouns include changing the ending to indicate singular or plural forms. Pronouns include personal, possessive, reflexive, indefinite, and reciprocal pronouns. Adjectives are classified by number of syllables and how their comparative and superlative forms are constructed. Common adverbs and prepositions are listed, along with modal and regular verbs. Proper communication is essential for organizational success, as it increases efficiency

1. Universidad Nacional Experimental
“Francisco de Miranda”
Departamento de Idiomas
Santa Ana de Coro

2. Unidad I
Funciones Gramaticales
1. Sustantivos
• Nombres Propios / Proper Nouns
Ex: Ricardo / Coro
• Nombres Comunes / Common Nouns
Ex: Computer / Distillation / Dog/ Table
• Nombres Colectivos/ Collective Nouns
Ex: A team of young boys
• Nombres Abstractos/ Abstract Nouns
Ex: Love / Peace / Agreement

3. Características de los Sustantivos
Se añade S al singular ( DOG-DOGS)
Cuando terminan en CH, SS, SH, O, X, Z
( TOMATO-TOMATOES)
Si terminan en Y después de una consonante, se cambia Y por IES
(BABY-BABIES)
Si termina en Y después de una vocal, solo se agrega S
( BOY- BOYS)
Cuando termina en F o FE, se cambia la F o FE por VES
(Wife-Wives)
Algunos solo cambian su forma (Woman- Women) (Man- Men)

4. 2. Pronombres :
I am
You are
He
She is
It
We
You are
They
Personales:
 I study business management.
He works in PDVSA.
They are very good students.
Mine
Yours
His
Hers
Its
Ours
Yours
Theirs
Posesivos
That company is mine.
The car is hers.
This computers are ours.

5. 2. Pronombres :
Reflexivos Indefinidos Recíprocos
I cut it myself
One must be
careful when
driving
Gary and Ana
blamed each
other for their
problems
You heard it
yourself
He came himself
Helping
oneself is the
way to succeed
She is proud of
herself
The story is itself It´s easy to lose
one´s way in a
foreign
country
In our family, we
help one another
We dedided
ourselves
Do it yourselves
They blamed
themselves
Objeto
The bike belongs to me
The crane belongs to
you
The engineers gave him
the project
I am talking to her
Let it grow
The house was built for
us
It belongs to you
It keeps them occupied

6. Adjetivos de 1 sílaba Comparativo ---> adj + er Superlativo ---> adj + est
small - pequeño smaller - más pequeño (the) smallest
tall - alto taller - más alto (the) tallest
young - joven younger - más joven (the) youngest
big - grande bigger - más grande (the) biggest
fat - gordo fatter - más gordo (the) fattest
2 sílabas terminados en
(ly)
Comparativo ---> adj + ier Superlativo ---> adj + iest
lazy - perezoso, vago lazier - más vago the laziest
Resto de adjetivos
Comparativo ---> more +
adj
Superlativo -->the most +
adj
expensive - caro more expensive the most expensive
modern - moderno more modern the most modern
beautiful - hermoso more beautiful the most beautiful
elegant - elegante more elegant the most elegant
interesting - interesante more interesting the most interesting
3. Adjetivos :

7. 4 . Adverbios:
5. Preposiciones:
Too, very, so , never, quickly , soon .
(LY) Honest - Honestly
On a shelf; Between us; Because Of rain;
To the door; By them; Before Class
6. Verbos:
María WORKS every day.
David is STUDYING very hard

8. Verbo TO BE
Presente
I am
You are
He
She is
It
We
You are
They
Pasado
I was
You were
He
She was
It
We
You were
They
Futuro
I
You
He
She will be
It
We
You
They

9. Verbos Modales
Los verbos modales son un pequeño grupo de
verbos utilizados en combinación con otros
para cambiar de alguna manera su significado.
Ellos expresan la actitud y el estado de animo
del hablante.

10. Verbos Modales
A) MUST: Expresa una obligación moral, legal y tradicional o de
costumbre e ineludible:
You must study very hard.
B)OUGHT TO / SHOULD: Equivale a la palabra debería. Expresa
obligación o deber:
People should not smoke; they should do exercises every day.
C) CAN: Expresa habilidad física y mental de hacer algo:
You can speak, walk, listen, read, write, and so on.

11. D) COULD: Se usa para dar connotación de posibilidad y de probabilidad
hipotética:
Venezuela could go to the next football world cup.
E) MAY: Expresa concesión o permiso:
I may talk to the teacher about the test.
May I go out?
F) MIGHT: Pretérito de MAY. Indica posibilidad remota:
I might go to South Africa next year.

12. WHY IS COMMUNICATION IMPORTANT IN MANAGEMENT AND
LEADERSHIP?
Communication is essential for effective functioning every part of an organization.
Although marketing, production, finance, personnel, and maintenance departments
may receive direction from corporate goals and objectives, communication links them
together and facilitates organizational success. The importance of effective
communication for managers can not be overemphasized for one specific reason:
everything a manager does, involves communicating. Communication is needed to
increase efficiency, satisfy customers, improve quality, and create innovative products.
Effective communication is so important for organizational success that not only
managers, but also their employees must be effective communicators. One role of a
manager is to help employees improve their communication skills. When all members
of a team, department, or organization are able to communicate effectively with each
other and with people outside their group, they are much more likely to perform well.

13. THANKS FOR COMING!!!
Now, Let´s practice!!!