This document presents a case study on seizures. It begins with an introduction to seizures and epilepsy, describing seizures as sudden abnormal electrical discharges in the brain that result in sensations, movements or changes in consciousness. It then discusses the various types of seizures, including generalized seizures that involve the whole brain and focal seizures that begin in one area. The document outlines risk factors for seizures and describes how neuronal firing can spread and result in a seizure. It details the standard treatment options including anticonvulsant medications. The case presentation involves a 50-year-old male admitted with two seizure episodes and a fever, who has a history of smoking and alcohol use. Testing revealed no structural brain issues and his condition was diagnosed as seizures likely due
After watching this lecture, learners will be able to:
Describe the various etiologies of non-traumatic paralysis
Illustrate the neuro exam for the paralyzed patient
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Epilepsy case presentation by mehreen taj IVth parm DMehreen taj
Epilepsy:Epilepsy occurs when permanent changes in brain tissue cause the brain to be too excitable or jumpy. The brain sends out abnormal signals. This results in repeated, unpredictable seizures. (A single seizure that does not happen again is not epilepsy.Epilepsy is a disorder with many possible causes. Anything that disturbs the normal pattern of neuron activity -- from illness to brain damage to abnormal brain development -- can lead to seizures.The main causes of Epilepsy and resultant seizures include Meningitis, head injury or trauma, stroke, brain tumour, high fever (Febrile Seizure), and parasite infection Neuro-cysticercosis. The main triggering factors include light, noise, sleep loss, alcohol intake and cigarette smoking.
Epileptic seizures vary in intensity and symptoms depending on what part of the brain is involved. In partial seizures, the most common form of seizure in adults, only one area of the brain is involved. Partial seizures are classified as simple partial, complex partial (also known as psychomotor), and absence (also known as myoclonic or petit mal) seizure.
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After watching this lecture, learners will be able to:
Describe the various etiologies of non-traumatic paralysis
Illustrate the neuro exam for the paralyzed patient
Recognize the signs and symptoms of acute peripheral neuropathies
Explain the treatment of acute peripheral neuropathies
Epilepsy case presentation by mehreen taj IVth parm DMehreen taj
Epilepsy:Epilepsy occurs when permanent changes in brain tissue cause the brain to be too excitable or jumpy. The brain sends out abnormal signals. This results in repeated, unpredictable seizures. (A single seizure that does not happen again is not epilepsy.Epilepsy is a disorder with many possible causes. Anything that disturbs the normal pattern of neuron activity -- from illness to brain damage to abnormal brain development -- can lead to seizures.The main causes of Epilepsy and resultant seizures include Meningitis, head injury or trauma, stroke, brain tumour, high fever (Febrile Seizure), and parasite infection Neuro-cysticercosis. The main triggering factors include light, noise, sleep loss, alcohol intake and cigarette smoking.
Epileptic seizures vary in intensity and symptoms depending on what part of the brain is involved. In partial seizures, the most common form of seizure in adults, only one area of the brain is involved. Partial seizures are classified as simple partial, complex partial (also known as psychomotor), and absence (also known as myoclonic or petit mal) seizure.
Neonatal seizure in pediatric Nursing.
Bsc Nursing 3rd year.
A small and brief ppt on neonatal seizure or epilepsy.
PPT includes introduction, definition, etiology, pathophysiology, classification, sign and symptoms, diagnostic evaluation, medical and surgical management, nursing management, nursing diagnosis, prevention, complications.
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One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
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Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
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Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
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1. CASE PRESENTATION ON SEIZURES
PRESENTATION BY
V.VENNELA
PHARM - D 2nd YEAR
201K1T0030
SREE CHAITANYA INSTITUTE OF
PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
THIMMUPUR, KARIMNAGAR
3. Seizures: seizures are sudden, abnormal electrical discharges from the brain
that result in sensation, behavior, movements, perception or consciousness.
Epilepsy is a chronic disorder of recurrent seizures.
An isolated, single seizues does not constitute epilepsy.
Signs and Symptoms:
• Stiffening of the body.
• Loss of consciousess.
• Breathing problems.
• Loss of bowel or bladder control.
• Staring.
• Jerking movements of arms and legs.
• Appearing confused.
• During seizures, your lips may become tined blue.
4. RISK FACTORS
Age.
Family history.
Brain infection.
Head injuries.
Stroke and other vascular diseases, leads to brain
damage that may trigger seizers.
Seizures at childhood, if a child has a long fever
associated seizure that increase the risk of epilepsy.
Alocohol withdrawal.
5. CLASSIFICATION OF SEIZURES
Generalized Focal Unknown
Tonic-clonic o Without impairment of O Epileptic spasms
Absence consciousness or awareness
Myoclonic o With impairment of
Atonic consciousness or awareness
Clonic o Evolving to bilateral
Tonic convulsive seizures
6. • Seizures that appear to involve all are of the brain are called generalized seizures.
Different types of generalized seizures include:
• Absence seizures: Involves sudden lapse in consciousness and starting blankly into
space. The episodes last less than 15 seconds.
• Tonic seizures: Tonic seizures cause stiffening of your muscle. These seizures usually
affect muscle in your back, arms and legs and may cause fall to the ground.
• Atonic seizures: Atonic seizures also known as drop seizures, cause a loss of muscle
control, which may cause sudden collapse or fall down.
7. CONT
• Clonic seizuers: Clonic seizuers are associated with repeated or rhythmic, jerking
muscle movements. These seizures usually affect the neck, face and arms.
• Myoclonic seizuers: Myoclonic seizues usually appear as sudden brief jerks or
twitches of arms and legs.
• Tonic-clonic seizuers: Tonic-clonic seizures, previously known as grand mal seizuers,
are the most dramatic type of epileptic seizures and can cause an abrupt loss of
consciousness, body stiffening and shaking, and somethings loss of bladder control or
biting of tonque.
8. Due to etiological factors
The integrity of the nuronal cell membrane is altered
The cell begins firing with increas frequency & amplitude
When the intensity of the discharges reaches the threshold the neuronal
firing spreads to adjancent neurons
Ultimately resulting in a seizure
10. Chief complaints: A male patient of 50 years of age
admitted in acute medical care unit with
IP NO:19012/202 on 19/12/2021
2 Episodes of seizures on 19/12/2021 at 10:30AM
Fever since 2 days
11. Objective evidence
• CT-Scan : CT- Brain Detection of structural lesion.
Fever on D1-103degreeF
D2-100degreeF
• Etiology: As patient has an habit of smoking and consumption
of alcohol. So, the patient may have chances of getting seizures.
• Alcohol- 90ml since 10years.
• Smoking- 2 cigrattes/day since 10years.
12. ASSESSMENT:
• Based on subjective and objective evidence the diagnosis was made to be
SEIZURES
13. PLAN:
SNO: BRAND NAME
GENERIC
NAME
ROA
DOSE Frequency DA DS
1. Inj Eptoin Phenytoin IV 500mg BD D1 D2
2. Tab Monocef Cefopodoxime PO 500mg BD D1 D7
3. Tab PCM Acetaminophen PO 650mg TID D1 D7
4. Inj PAN Pantoprazole IV 400mg OD D1 D2
5.
IVF DNS/RL/NS Dextrose
nornmal saline/
Ringer’s lactate/
Normal saline
IV 1 pint OD D1 D2
16. 1. Acetaminophen+Phenytoin
• Using acetaminophen together with phenytoin may alter the effects
of acetaminophen and cause serious side effects that may affect
your liver.
17. Alocohol and smoking should be avoided.
Food allergies: Food allergies may provide seizures in childrens who also have
migraine headaches, hyperactive behaviour.
Inadequate or fragmented sleepcan set off seizures in many people.
Dietary measures: All patients should maintain a healthy diet, including plenty of
whole grains fresh vegetables and fruits.
Fasting has been used to prevent seizures since ancient times.
In 1920, A high-fat, no-sugar, low protien diet, known as a ketogenic diet, was used
to prevent seizures.