**Slide 1: Title** - Title: Understanding Coronary Artery Disease **Slide 2: Introduction** - Definition: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a prevalent heart condition. - Importance: Leading cause of heart-related issues, including heart attacks. - Visual: Diagram of the heart and coronary arteries. **Slide 3: Causes of CAD** - Atherosclerosis: Buildup of plaque (cholesterol, fat, and other substances) in arteries. - Visual: Atherosclerosis progression infographic. **Slide 4: Risk Factors** - Common Risk Factors: High blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity. - Visual: Icons representing risk factors. **Slide 5: Symptoms** - Angina: Chest pain, pressure, or discomfort. - Shortness of breath, fatigue, and dizziness. - Visual: Symptom icons. **Slide 6: Diagnosis** - Medical History: Discussion of symptoms, risk factors, and family history. - Tests: ECG, Stress Test, Angiography, CT Angiography. - Visual: Illustration of diagnostic tools. **Slide 7: Treatment** - Lifestyle Changes: Diet, exercise, smoking cessation. - Medication: Statins, antiplatelet drugs, beta-blockers. - Visual: Medication icons and healthy lifestyle images. **Slide 8: Invasive Treatments** - Angioplasty: Balloon catheter to open narrowed arteries. - Stent Placement: Keeps arteries open. - Visual: Procedure illustrations. **Slide 9: Surgical Options** - Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG): Re-routing blood around blocked arteries. - Visual: CABG procedure visuals. **Slide 10: Prevention** - Healthy Lifestyle: Diet, exercise, stress management. - Regular check-ups and managing risk factors. - Visual: Lifestyle graphics. **Slide 11: Statistics** - Prevalence and impact on society. - Visual: Graphs and statistics. **Slide 12: Conclusion** - Recap of key points. - Encouragement for prevention and early intervention. - Visual: Heart-healthy message. **Slide 13: Questions** - Encourage the audience to ask questions. **Slide 14: Thank You** - Thank the audience for their attention. Certainly, here are some relevant tags for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) that you can use for your presentation or content: 1. # Heart Health 2. # Cardiovascular Disease 3. # Atherosclerosis 4. # CAD Prevention 5. # Healthy Heart 6. # CAD Symptoms 7. # Coronary Arteries 8. # CAD Treatment 9. # Heart Attack 10. # CAD Awareness 11. # Heart Disease Risk 12. # CAD Diagnosis 13. # Lifestyle Changes 14. # Heart Care 15. # Bypass Surgery 16. # Angioplasty 17. # Cardiology 18. # CAD Stats 19. # Heart Awareness 20. # CAD Research

1. Case presentation on
coronary artery disease

2. Patient information
Mrs . Kottu sulochannamma
Age :75 years
Gender: female
IP no:1214
Department: cardiology
Date of admission :25/10/2022
History of present illness : shoulder joint pain , indigestion,mild headache,
Heavyness of chest
Past medical history: history of shortness breath ,chestpain, diabetes
mellitus, gastric acidity, hypertension

3. Social history
• Diet: mixed
• Sleep:disturbed
• Appetite:Normal
• Bowel and Bladder: Normal
Provisional diagnosis
Coronary artery disease .

4. Physical examination
• Temparature: Normal
• Respiratory Rate: 25cpm
• PluseRate:79bpm
• Blood pressure:160/90 mm of Hg

5. Diagnosis Test
1. History collection
2. Complete blood count
• Hb :. 10g/dl.
• ECG
• Echo
• CBP
• Angiogram- abnormal

6. Radiographic diagnosis
• Coronary angiogram report :
• Impression : CAD Mild (MCA+critical triple vessel disease)

7. Conformatory diagnosis:
Based on the information the final diagnosis of the
patient was found to be coronary artery disease.

8. Anatomy of the heart
• A hallow muscular organ located in
the thorax between two lungs.
• It has four chambers
• It has four valves
• Two atriums and Two ventricle
• Right side it receives blood from
the body and sends it to the
lungs(pulmonary)
• Left side receives blood from the
lungs and it sends it to the body
(systemic).

9. Heart
• the heart is surrounded
by the three membrane
called pericardium,
Myocardium and
epicardium

10. Pericardium
• The pericardium is a fibroserous
sac that encloses the heart and
roots of the great blood vessels.

11. The pericardium
• The pericardium lies within the
middle mediastinum.
• It’s function is to restrict
excessive movement of the
heart as a whole and to serve as
a lubricated container in which
the different parts of the heart
can contract .

12. Heart wall
• Endocardium
1. Deepest layer of the heart
2. Smooth lining to reduce friction
of blood flow.
Myocardium
1. Myocardium is the middle layer
of the heart .
2. It is the thickest layer which lies
between the single cell
endocardium layer.

14. The heart chambers
1. Four chambers
• Two atria ( right and left ).
• Two ventricle (right and left)

15. The heart chambers
Atria
Features
1. Atria are Small thin walled
Chambers .
Functions
1. Atria are the receiving
chambers for blood returning
to the heart from the
circulation.
• Atria push the blood into the
adjacent ventricles.

16. The heart chambers
Ventricle
Features
1. Make up most of the mass of the
heart.
2. The walls of the left ventricular 3x
thicker than those of the right one.
Functions
1. Discharging chamber of the heart.
2. Transfer blood to pulmonary
trunk(right ventricular) arota( left
ventricular).

17. • Right atrium receives
deoxygenated blood from
inferior vena cava below and
from the superior vena cava.
Right atrium

18. Right ventricle
1. Right ventricle receives blood
from the right atrium through
the tricuspid valve.

19. Left atrium
1. Left atrium receives
oxygenated blood from four
pulmonary veins which drains
posteriorly.
2. The mitral (bicuspid) valve
gaurds the passage of blood
from the left atrium to the left
ventricles.

20. Left ventricle
1. The wall of the left ventricle is
thicker than the right ventricle
but the structure is similar.
2. The thicker wall is necessary to
pump oxygenated blood at
high pressure through the
systemic circulation.

21. Heart valves
1. Heart valves ensure that
unidirectional blood flow
through the heart.
2. It composed of an
endocardium with a
connective tissue core
3. There are two major types of
valves
• Atrioventricular valves.
• Semilunar valves.

22. Atrioventricular Valves
• Atrioventricular valves lies ethe
atria and the ventricle.
• -R- AV – valve = tricuspid valve
• -L-AV – valve = bicuspid valve or
mitral valve.
• atrioventricular valves prevent
back flow of blood into the atria
when ventricles contract.

23. Pulmonary valve

27. Arterial supply of the heart
• Arterial supply of the heart is
provided by the right and left
coronary artery, which arise
from the ascending arota
immediately above the arotic
valve .
Right coronary arteries
Branches
• Right marginal arteries (acute
Marginal arteries)

28. • Posterior interventricular artery (lies
in the post Iv Sulcus)
• Sinoatrial nodal artery
• Atrioventricular nodal artery.
Left coronary
artery
Branches
• Left anterior descending (LAD) or
anterior interventricular artery (lies in
anterior IV sulcus)
• Left marginal artery (Obtuse marginal
artery)
• Left circumflex artery.

30. Venous drainage of the heart
1. Most blood from the heart
wall drains into the right
atrium through the coronary
sinus, which lies in the
posterior part of the
atrioventricular groove .
2. It is a continuation of the great
cardiac vein.
3. It open into the right atrium to
the left of the inferior vena
cava.

31. Nervous supply of the heart
1. The heart is innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers
of the autonomic nervous system via the cardiac plexuses situated
below the arch of the arota .

32. Coronary artery disease
• Definition: coronary artery disease is defined as narrowing or
blockage of the coronary arteries usually caused by atherosclerosis .
• etiology:
1. Smoking
2. High blood pressure
3. High cholesterol
4. Insulin resistance
5. Sedentary lifestyle.

33. Pathophysiology
B

34. Clinical manifestations
1. Ischemia
2. Low cardiac output
3. Hypertension
4. Diaphoresis ( excessive sweating)
5. Bradycardia
6. ECG changes - ST segment and T wave changes
7. pulmonary edema.
8. Chest Heavyness

35. Risk factors for coronary artery disease
• High blood pressure
• Diabetes
• Obesity
• Unhealthy diet

36. Diagnostic Test
1. Physical examination
2. History collection
3. Stress Test

37. • Chest X – ray
• Electrocardiogram
• Echocardiogram
• Cardiac catheterization( angiogram)

38. Complications
1. Chestpain
2. Heart attack
3. Heart failure
4. Abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmias)

39. Standard Management
Pharmacological therapy
1. Anti anginal agents
2. Nitrates
3. Beta adrenergic receptor
blockers
4. Calicium channel blockers
5. ACE inhibitors
6. Statins
7. Diuretics
8. Imiprimine for analgesia.
• Surgeries
1. Coronary angioplasty
2. Heart transplantation
3. Stent

40. Current drug chart
S.no Brand name Generic name Dose Route of
administratio
n
Frequency Category Indications
1 Pantocid Pantaprazole 40mg P/o OD Proton pump
inhibitors
Gastric acidity
2 Lopressor Metoprolol 50mg P/o OD Beta blockers Treatment for
angina
3 Nitro -bid Nitrosat 2.6mg P/o BD Vasodilator Treatment for
angina
4 Duolin Ipratropium
Salbutamol
0.5mg
2.5mg
P/N TID Anticholinergi
c
Beta 2
receptor
blockers
Treatment for
shortness of
breath
5 Budecort Budesonide 12.5mcg P/N TID Corticosteroid Treatment for
Shortness of
breath
6 Enoxaparin Heparin 3000 IU IV BD Anticoagulant Treatment to
the blood colt
In heart

41. Drug interactions
• Heparin and aspirin
which has risk of increasing bleeding.
• Metoprolol and quinidine
increased removal of metoprolol from the body.

42. Patient counseling
• About disease.
• Coronary artery disease also called coronary artery disease.
1. The arteries,get plaque on their inner wall, which can then become straved of
oxygen .
2. The plaque could rupture, leading to a heart attack (or) sudden cardiac death.
3. It’s mainly cause due to
• Hypertention
• DM
• Obesity
• Smoking
• High cholesterol

43. Lifestyle modification
1. Stop smoking
2. Eat healthy diet
3. Get exercise
4. Reduce (or) avoid excess weight.
5. Avoid alcohol consumption.
6. Control blood pressure

44. REFERENCE
• WWW . Myoclinic .org
• WWW. coronary artery disease Wikipedia .org.
• WWW. Medscape .com
• WWW research gate .com

45. THE END