The document provides instructions for carpentry works. It discusses 1) planning works which includes preparing drawings, considering safety measures and allocating tasks. 2) woodworking such as sawing, planing and wood joints. 3) metal works including welding and metal cutting. 4) masonry including bricklaying. 5) painting procedures and types of paint. 6) plastering works. 7) scaffolding erection and types of scaffolding. The document provides detailed guidance on various carpentry techniques and ensuring work quality and safety.
X. connections for prestressed concrete elementChhay Teng
This document provides guidance on connections for prestressed concrete elements. It discusses tolerance requirements for connections, introduces composite members formed using situ-cast topping, and describes reinforced concrete bearing in composite members. Specifically, it outlines procedures for calculating the design bearing strength of a reinforced concrete bearing using nominal strength equations. It also presents equations for determining the development length and shear capacity of reinforcing bars at the interface between a concrete bearing and a composite member. The guidance aims to ensure connections have adequate strength and durability while also considering constructability and economics.
14. truss analysis using the stiffness methodChhay Teng
1. The document discusses analyzing truss structures using the stiffness method. It begins by introducing the fundamentals of the stiffness method for truss analysis.
2. It describes how to derive the member stiffness matrix for each truss member, which relates the forces and displacements in the member's local coordinate system.
3. It provides equations to transform between the member's local coordinate system and the global coordinate system of the truss, in order to assemble the overall structure stiffness matrix for the truss.
Vii. camber, deflection, and crack controlChhay Teng
This document discusses camber, deflection, and crack control in concrete structures. It introduces the basic assumptions used in deflection calculations, which include elastic behavior, modulus of elasticity, superposition principle, and tendon properties. It then describes the load-deflection relationship in three stages: precracking, postcracking, and postserviceability cracking. Formulas are provided for calculating cracking and serviceability loads based on modulus of rupture and concrete strength. Overall, the document provides an introduction to evaluating and controlling deflection and cracking in concrete members.
This document provides instructions on various AutoCAD commands for 2D drawing and editing, text and hatching, layers, dimensions, blocks, and external references. It consists of 7 chapters that explain tools for drawing lines, circles, arcs, and other objects; editing objects by moving, copying, rotating, mirroring, and arraying; adding text and hatch patterns; managing layers; creating dimensions; inserting blocks; and linking to external drawings. The goal is to teach civil engineering students how to use AutoCAD for 2D drafting.
The document provides instructions for carpentry works. It discusses 1) planning works which includes preparing drawings, considering safety measures and allocating tasks. 2) woodworking such as sawing, planing and wood joints. 3) metal works including welding and metal cutting. 4) masonry including bricklaying. 5) painting procedures and types of paint. 6) plastering works. 7) scaffolding erection and types of scaffolding. The document provides detailed guidance on various carpentry techniques and ensuring work quality and safety.
X. connections for prestressed concrete elementChhay Teng
This document provides guidance on connections for prestressed concrete elements. It discusses tolerance requirements for connections, introduces composite members formed using situ-cast topping, and describes reinforced concrete bearing in composite members. Specifically, it outlines procedures for calculating the design bearing strength of a reinforced concrete bearing using nominal strength equations. It also presents equations for determining the development length and shear capacity of reinforcing bars at the interface between a concrete bearing and a composite member. The guidance aims to ensure connections have adequate strength and durability while also considering constructability and economics.
14. truss analysis using the stiffness methodChhay Teng
1. The document discusses analyzing truss structures using the stiffness method. It begins by introducing the fundamentals of the stiffness method for truss analysis.
2. It describes how to derive the member stiffness matrix for each truss member, which relates the forces and displacements in the member's local coordinate system.
3. It provides equations to transform between the member's local coordinate system and the global coordinate system of the truss, in order to assemble the overall structure stiffness matrix for the truss.
Vii. camber, deflection, and crack controlChhay Teng
This document discusses camber, deflection, and crack control in concrete structures. It introduces the basic assumptions used in deflection calculations, which include elastic behavior, modulus of elasticity, superposition principle, and tendon properties. It then describes the load-deflection relationship in three stages: precracking, postcracking, and postserviceability cracking. Formulas are provided for calculating cracking and serviceability loads based on modulus of rupture and concrete strength. Overall, the document provides an introduction to evaluating and controlling deflection and cracking in concrete members.
This document provides instructions on various AutoCAD commands for 2D drawing and editing, text and hatching, layers, dimensions, blocks, and external references. It consists of 7 chapters that explain tools for drawing lines, circles, arcs, and other objects; editing objects by moving, copying, rotating, mirroring, and arraying; adding text and hatch patterns; managing layers; creating dimensions; inserting blocks; and linking to external drawings. The goal is to teach civil engineering students how to use AutoCAD for 2D drafting.
1) The document discusses column theory and compression members. It introduces the concept of critical buckling load and explains how a column's slenderness ratio affects its buckling strength.
2) The theory of column buckling is explained using Euler buckling formula. The critical buckling load depends on the column's elastic modulus, moment of inertia, and length.
3) Buckling modes are determined by solving the differential equation for the deflection curve of the column. The first buckling mode occurs when the column length is equal to π√(EI/P).
This document provides instructions on using various commands and tools in Autodesk 3ds Max for geometry creation, modification, and rendering. It covers topics such as viewports, basic geometric shapes like boxes and spheres, splines, mesh editing, modifiers, and lighting/camera settings. Step-by-step explanations are provided for commands to create, manipulate, and render 3D models. The document is intended as a tutorial for learning essential 3ds Max functions.
1. The document discusses using the energy method to calculate deflection in beams, trusses, and frames.
2. The energy method equates the external work done by loads to the internal strain energy stored in the deformed structure.
3. Beams, trusses, and frames can be analyzed by calculating the external work done by forces and moments, and equating it to the strain energy due to bending and twisting. Analytical expressions can then be developed relating the loads to deflections.
1. There are several types of retaining walls, including gravity walls, semi-gravity walls, cantilever retaining walls, counterfort retaining walls, and buttressed retaining walls.
2. Forces acting on retaining walls include active and passive soil pressures. Active pressure is exerted by soil pushing on the front face of the retaining wall, while passive pressure acts on the back side of the wall from soil resistance.
3. The magnitude of active and passive soil pressures depends on factors like the soil type, depth of soil, and angle of internal friction of the soil. Formulas developed by Rankine and Coulomb are commonly used to calculate active and passive pressures.
This document discusses moment amplification in beam-columns. It explains that the actual moment in a beam-column can be higher than the design moment due to the effects of axial load. The moment is amplified due to the nonlinear relationship between moment and axial deformation. Design codes account for this phenomenon using moment magnification factors which relate the actual moment to the design moment based on the level of axial load. The document provides an example calculation to demonstrate moment amplification based on the AISC specification equations.
This document discusses shear and torsion strength design of beams. It introduces the concepts of shear stress and torsion stress, and how they are related to the internal forces in a beam. The document explains homogeneous and non-homogeneous beam behavior under shear and torsion loading based on classical beam mechanics. It provides equations to calculate maximum shear stresses and strains in homogeneous and non-homogeneous beams. Failure modes such as flexural failure, diagonal tension failure, and shear compression failure are also discussed for beams without diagonal tension reinforcement.
Xii.lrfd and stan dard aastho design of concrete bridgeChhay Teng
This document discusses load specifications for bridge design according to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) and Standard Specifications. It introduces the AASHTO truck and lane loading models used for design. Key points include:
1) Standard AASHTO and LRFD specifications for truck axle configurations and weights.
2) Provisions for impact, longitudinal forces, and centrifugal forces under the AASHTO Standard (LFD) specifications.
3) Methods for reducing lane load intensity based on number of traffic lanes.
1. This document discusses tension members and their design strength. Tension members are structural elements that are primarily subjected to tensile forces such as those in trusses, suspension bridges, and cable-stayed bridges.
2. The design strength of a tension member is based on either its gross section resisting yielding, or its net section resisting fracture. Allowable stresses are reduced using strength reduction factors to obtain the design strength.
3. Examples are provided to calculate the design strength of given tension members based on their material properties and dimensions. The effective net area is considered to account for things like bolt holes. Combinations of loads are also checked to ensure the design strength is not exceeded.
This document discusses simple connections and bolted shear connections. It introduces different types of simple connections using plates and various steel shapes. It then focuses on bolted shear connections, explaining the failure modes of bearing on the bolt or shear of the bolt. Equations for determining the shear capacity of a bolted connection based on bolt diameter and shear area are provided. Examples of single shear and double shear lap joints are shown and how to calculate their shear capacities. Overall, the document provides an overview of simple connections and bolted shear connections, emphasizing proper design to avoid failure.
Appendix b structural steel design based on allowable stressChhay Teng
1) This document discusses allowable stress design (ASD) based on the 1989 AISC specification for structural steel design. It compares ASD to load and resistance factor design (LRFD) and outlines the key differences between the two approaches.
2) Formulas and examples are provided for calculating allowable stresses in tension members based on yielding and fracture, as well as for calculating allowable stresses in compression members based on buckling strength.
3) The document notes that while the AISC Manual still references the older ASD approach, the specification has been updated to the LRFD method, and engineers should follow the specification over the manual.
1. This document discusses continuous beams and frames, which are structural elements made of concrete slabs, beams, columns, and footings that are monolithically connected.
2. It describes how to calculate the maximum moment in continuous beams using basic elastic analysis and considering the loading application and moment redistribution. The maximum positive moments within a span and maximum negative moments at supports are also addressed.
3. Formulas are provided to calculate the maximum and minimum positive moments based on the beam's properties and span between supports. The analysis considers both statically determinate and indeterminate continuous beams.
1. The document outlines the chapters in a civil engineering construction work textbook, including introduction to construction, construction materials, construction equipment, and construction management.
2. Chapter 1 discusses construction introduction, which provides an overview of the construction industry and processes. It explains the roles of various construction professionals and their importance in planning and executing construction projects.
3. Chapter 2 covers construction materials used in civil engineering projects, including their properties, uses, and quality control measures.
This document provides an introduction and overview of Corus Advance structural sections for use in steel construction. It includes the following key points:
- Corus is a major UK and global steel producer and manufacturer of structural steel sections.
- Steel construction offers benefits like speed of construction, economy, flexibility, sustainability, and recyclability.
- The document contains selection of structural section property tables from the Corus Advance range to assist students in steel structure design.
- For the full listing of Advance section properties and capacities, the online "Blue Book" can be downloaded from the Corus website.
1) The document discusses column theory and compression members. It introduces the concept of critical buckling load and explains how a column's slenderness ratio affects its buckling strength.
2) The theory of column buckling is explained using Euler buckling formula. The critical buckling load depends on the column's elastic modulus, moment of inertia, and length.
3) Buckling modes are determined by solving the differential equation for the deflection curve of the column. The first buckling mode occurs when the column length is equal to π√(EI/P).
This document provides instructions on using various commands and tools in Autodesk 3ds Max for geometry creation, modification, and rendering. It covers topics such as viewports, basic geometric shapes like boxes and spheres, splines, mesh editing, modifiers, and lighting/camera settings. Step-by-step explanations are provided for commands to create, manipulate, and render 3D models. The document is intended as a tutorial for learning essential 3ds Max functions.
1. The document discusses using the energy method to calculate deflection in beams, trusses, and frames.
2. The energy method equates the external work done by loads to the internal strain energy stored in the deformed structure.
3. Beams, trusses, and frames can be analyzed by calculating the external work done by forces and moments, and equating it to the strain energy due to bending and twisting. Analytical expressions can then be developed relating the loads to deflections.
1. There are several types of retaining walls, including gravity walls, semi-gravity walls, cantilever retaining walls, counterfort retaining walls, and buttressed retaining walls.
2. Forces acting on retaining walls include active and passive soil pressures. Active pressure is exerted by soil pushing on the front face of the retaining wall, while passive pressure acts on the back side of the wall from soil resistance.
3. The magnitude of active and passive soil pressures depends on factors like the soil type, depth of soil, and angle of internal friction of the soil. Formulas developed by Rankine and Coulomb are commonly used to calculate active and passive pressures.
This document discusses moment amplification in beam-columns. It explains that the actual moment in a beam-column can be higher than the design moment due to the effects of axial load. The moment is amplified due to the nonlinear relationship between moment and axial deformation. Design codes account for this phenomenon using moment magnification factors which relate the actual moment to the design moment based on the level of axial load. The document provides an example calculation to demonstrate moment amplification based on the AISC specification equations.
This document discusses shear and torsion strength design of beams. It introduces the concepts of shear stress and torsion stress, and how they are related to the internal forces in a beam. The document explains homogeneous and non-homogeneous beam behavior under shear and torsion loading based on classical beam mechanics. It provides equations to calculate maximum shear stresses and strains in homogeneous and non-homogeneous beams. Failure modes such as flexural failure, diagonal tension failure, and shear compression failure are also discussed for beams without diagonal tension reinforcement.
Xii.lrfd and stan dard aastho design of concrete bridgeChhay Teng
This document discusses load specifications for bridge design according to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) and Standard Specifications. It introduces the AASHTO truck and lane loading models used for design. Key points include:
1) Standard AASHTO and LRFD specifications for truck axle configurations and weights.
2) Provisions for impact, longitudinal forces, and centrifugal forces under the AASHTO Standard (LFD) specifications.
3) Methods for reducing lane load intensity based on number of traffic lanes.
1. This document discusses tension members and their design strength. Tension members are structural elements that are primarily subjected to tensile forces such as those in trusses, suspension bridges, and cable-stayed bridges.
2. The design strength of a tension member is based on either its gross section resisting yielding, or its net section resisting fracture. Allowable stresses are reduced using strength reduction factors to obtain the design strength.
3. Examples are provided to calculate the design strength of given tension members based on their material properties and dimensions. The effective net area is considered to account for things like bolt holes. Combinations of loads are also checked to ensure the design strength is not exceeded.
This document discusses simple connections and bolted shear connections. It introduces different types of simple connections using plates and various steel shapes. It then focuses on bolted shear connections, explaining the failure modes of bearing on the bolt or shear of the bolt. Equations for determining the shear capacity of a bolted connection based on bolt diameter and shear area are provided. Examples of single shear and double shear lap joints are shown and how to calculate their shear capacities. Overall, the document provides an overview of simple connections and bolted shear connections, emphasizing proper design to avoid failure.
Appendix b structural steel design based on allowable stressChhay Teng
1) This document discusses allowable stress design (ASD) based on the 1989 AISC specification for structural steel design. It compares ASD to load and resistance factor design (LRFD) and outlines the key differences between the two approaches.
2) Formulas and examples are provided for calculating allowable stresses in tension members based on yielding and fracture, as well as for calculating allowable stresses in compression members based on buckling strength.
3) The document notes that while the AISC Manual still references the older ASD approach, the specification has been updated to the LRFD method, and engineers should follow the specification over the manual.
1. This document discusses continuous beams and frames, which are structural elements made of concrete slabs, beams, columns, and footings that are monolithically connected.
2. It describes how to calculate the maximum moment in continuous beams using basic elastic analysis and considering the loading application and moment redistribution. The maximum positive moments within a span and maximum negative moments at supports are also addressed.
3. Formulas are provided to calculate the maximum and minimum positive moments based on the beam's properties and span between supports. The analysis considers both statically determinate and indeterminate continuous beams.
1. The document outlines the chapters in a civil engineering construction work textbook, including introduction to construction, construction materials, construction equipment, and construction management.
2. Chapter 1 discusses construction introduction, which provides an overview of the construction industry and processes. It explains the roles of various construction professionals and their importance in planning and executing construction projects.
3. Chapter 2 covers construction materials used in civil engineering projects, including their properties, uses, and quality control measures.
This document provides an introduction and overview of Corus Advance structural sections for use in steel construction. It includes the following key points:
- Corus is a major UK and global steel producer and manufacturer of structural steel sections.
- Steel construction offers benefits like speed of construction, economy, flexibility, sustainability, and recyclability.
- The document contains selection of structural section property tables from the Corus Advance range to assist students in steel structure design.
- For the full listing of Advance section properties and capacities, the online "Blue Book" can be downloaded from the Corus website.
2009 ncdd-csf-technical-manual-vol-i-study-design-guidelinesChhay Teng
This document provides guidelines for the study and design of small-scale infrastructure projects funded by the Commune/Sangkat Fund in Cambodia. It introduces the technical forms and template designs used for roads, irrigation systems, water supply, education, health and sanitation projects. Guidelines are given on how to read and use the template drawings, which conform to the standards of relevant line ministries. The manual aims to support good quality project design and construction supervision that can be implemented with locally available skills and resources. Field visits by technical support officers are recommended to verify project needs and objectives.
The document provides an overview of concrete basics, including the materials used to make concrete, properties of concrete in different states, common concrete tests to measure workability and strength, and factors that affect the strength and durability of hardened concrete. Concrete is made by mixing cement, water, coarse and fine aggregates, and sometimes admixtures, and its workability and strength can be tested using slump and compression tests.
Rebar arrangement and construction carryoutChhay Teng
The document discusses rebar arrangement and construction procedures. It begins by emphasizing the importance of thoroughly understanding construction drawings before beginning work. It then provides details on different types of drawings used for construction, including plans, elevations, sections, and structural drawings. Finally, it discusses rebar characteristics, production processes, and standard symbols and terminology used in construction drawings.
1 dimension and properties table of w shapesChhay Teng
This document provides dimension and properties data for various W-shape steel beams, including their area, depth, web and flange dimensions, elastic properties, plastic modulus, and warping properties. Metrics such as the nominal weight, compact section criteria, moment of inertia, plastic section modulus, and warping constant are given for each beam designation. Over 30 different W-shape beams ranging in size from W1120x4.89 to W910x12.37 are listed with their respective dimension and mechanical properties.
2 dimension and properties table of s shapeChhay Teng
This table provides dimensional and mechanical properties for various S-shape steel beams. It includes properties like cross-sectional area, depth, wall thickness, elastic modulus, plastic modulus, shear center location, and weight. Properties are listed for beam designations ranging from S610x1.77 down to S80x0.08. The data allows comparison of key metrics across different standardized beam sizes.
3 dimension and properties table of hp shapeChhay Teng
This table provides dimensional properties and elastic properties for various HP-shape steel beams. It includes measurements like area, depth, web thickness, flange width and thickness, moment of inertia, plastic modulus, and polar moment of inertia. The data is sourced from an online structural drafting resource and specifies properties for beams with designations like HP360x1.71, HP300x1.23, and HP360x0.53.
4 dimension and properties table c shapeChhay Teng
This document provides dimensional and mechanical properties for various C-shaped cross section profiles. It lists nominal dimensions such as depth, web thickness, flange width and thickness, along with mechanical properties including section area, elastic modulus, plastic modulus, shear center location, polar moment of inertia, and warping constant. C-shapes ranging from 380x0.73mm to 80x0.073mm are specified. Key dimensional and mechanical properties are given to characterize each cross sectional geometry.
6 dimension and properties table of ipe shapeChhay Teng
This document provides dimensional properties for various IPE steel beam shapes. It includes dimensions, cross-sectional area, weight, section properties such as moments of inertia, and minimum dimensions for connections. The table lists data for IPE beams ranging from 80 mm to 600 mm, including their height, width, wall thicknesses, and other geometric properties.
This document provides dimensional properties and specifications for different profiles of IPN-shaped steel beams, ranging from IPN 80 to IPN 600. For each profile, it lists dimensions, cross-sectional area, weight, dimensional properties for detailing, and mechanical properties along the strong and weak axes. A total of 24 IPN profiles are defined in the table with increasing dimensions, areas, and load-bearing capacities from smaller to larger sizes.
8 dimension and properties table of equal leg angleChhay Teng
This document provides dimensional properties and specifications for equal leg angle steel beams of various sizes. It includes dimensions, cross-sectional area, weight, position of axes, surface area, and other mechanical properties. Sizes range from 20x20mm to 120x120mm beams with wall thicknesses of 3mm to 13mm.
The document provides dimensional properties for various UPE-shaped steel beams, including their height, width, wall thickness, flange thickness, area, weight, moments of inertia, and other specifications. Dimensions are given in millimeters and kilograms per meter. Beams range in size from a UPE 80 with a height of 80mm up to a UPE 400 with a height of 400mm.
This document provides dimensional properties for various UPN steel beam shapes. It includes dimensions for the height, width, thicknesses, radii, slopes, cross-sectional areas, weights, and other geometric properties. The table lists these specifications for UPN beams ranging in size from 80x45x6 mm to 400x110x14 mm.