Carnitine is beta hydroxy-gamma-trimethyl ammonium butyrate.
It is synthesized from lysine and methionine in the liver and kidney.
Carnitine deficiency leads to hypoglycemia, Why?
Explained in the video.
This document provides information about a biochemistry textbook titled "Biochemistry Passing MBBS Series" by Karthikeyan Pethusamy. The key details include that it is a concise, colorful, and conceptually illustrated textbook following the Competency-Based Medical Education curriculum. It contains over 500 diagrams, tables, and quick revision points. The purchase of the book provides 365 days of free access to a companion Android app with additional learning features. The author's social media pages and YouTube channel are also provided for further learning resources.
Learning objectives:
Role of cytoskeleton & molecular motors
Differentiate the three types of cytoskeletal elements
Drugs acting on cytoskeletal elements and their uses
Pathological basis of disorders associated with cytoskeletal elements
Interaction between cytoskeleton and molecular motor proteins
Case discussion is an effective way to instil biochemistry into the minds of young medical students. Here, Dr Karthikeyan discusses vitamins. Don\t forget to watch the YouTube video inside
This document provides information on career options and pathways for medical researchers after completing MBBS. It outlines options for higher education such as MD, MS, DM, MCh programs as well as other options like MMST, UPSC, direct PhD programs. It also describes programs like the ICMR MD/MS-PhD program that provides financial support for 5 years to pursue a PhD after MD/MS. Funding agencies that support medical research like ICMR, DST, DBT, CSIR, and Wellcome Trust are listed. The career ladder from MBBS to senior faculty roles is depicted. Fellowship programs for post-doctoral research, early career grants, and senior research positions are described. Approaches
In this high-yield review, you will learn about the biochemical role of tetrahydrobiopterin and the related clinical condition Segawa Syndrome.
People with some forms of phenylketonuria take tetrahydrobiopterin supplement (BH4 supplement). We will learn the biochemical basis of that also.
Do not forget to watch the YouTube video.
This diagram shows the sources and fates of pyruvate in cellular metabolism. Pyruvate is produced from glucose through glycolysis and can be converted to lactic acid by lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) or transported into the mitochondria where it is decarboxylated to acetyl-CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex to enter the citric acid cycle or carboxylated to oxaloacetate by pyruvate carboxylase. Pyruvate can also be reversibly interconverted with alanine and malate.
This document provides information about a biochemistry textbook titled "Biochemistry Passing MBBS Series" by Karthikeyan Pethusamy. The key details include that it is a concise, colorful, and conceptually illustrated textbook following the Competency-Based Medical Education curriculum. It contains over 500 diagrams, tables, and quick revision points. The purchase of the book provides 365 days of free access to a companion Android app with additional learning features. The author's social media pages and YouTube channel are also provided for further learning resources.
Learning objectives:
Role of cytoskeleton & molecular motors
Differentiate the three types of cytoskeletal elements
Drugs acting on cytoskeletal elements and their uses
Pathological basis of disorders associated with cytoskeletal elements
Interaction between cytoskeleton and molecular motor proteins
Case discussion is an effective way to instil biochemistry into the minds of young medical students. Here, Dr Karthikeyan discusses vitamins. Don\t forget to watch the YouTube video inside
This document provides information on career options and pathways for medical researchers after completing MBBS. It outlines options for higher education such as MD, MS, DM, MCh programs as well as other options like MMST, UPSC, direct PhD programs. It also describes programs like the ICMR MD/MS-PhD program that provides financial support for 5 years to pursue a PhD after MD/MS. Funding agencies that support medical research like ICMR, DST, DBT, CSIR, and Wellcome Trust are listed. The career ladder from MBBS to senior faculty roles is depicted. Fellowship programs for post-doctoral research, early career grants, and senior research positions are described. Approaches
In this high-yield review, you will learn about the biochemical role of tetrahydrobiopterin and the related clinical condition Segawa Syndrome.
People with some forms of phenylketonuria take tetrahydrobiopterin supplement (BH4 supplement). We will learn the biochemical basis of that also.
Do not forget to watch the YouTube video.
This diagram shows the sources and fates of pyruvate in cellular metabolism. Pyruvate is produced from glucose through glycolysis and can be converted to lactic acid by lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) or transported into the mitochondria where it is decarboxylated to acetyl-CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex to enter the citric acid cycle or carboxylated to oxaloacetate by pyruvate carboxylase. Pyruvate can also be reversibly interconverted with alanine and malate.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is an infection of the female upper genital tract caused by bacteria like Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. It is treated with antibiotics targeting the primary pathogens. Treatment regimens depend on disease severity, with mild to moderate disease treated with oral antibiotics as outpatients. More severe disease requires hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics. Without treatment, PID can lead to long-term complications like infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain.
This document provides information on different types of blood collection tubes including their purposes and contents. It discusses EDTA tubes which are used for complete blood counts and DNA isolation, citrate tubes which contain citrate and are used for prothrombin time tests, heparin tubes coated with heparin for karyotyping, gel tubes which separate plasma or serum from cells, plain red vials which separate serum after clot formation, and grey glucose vials containing sodium fluoride and potassium oxalate to prevent glucose consumption during processing. It emphasizes the importance of inverting tubes to mix anticoagulants and lists the recommended order of blood draw.
Acyclovir is an antiviral drug used mainly for herpes zoster infection.
Acyclovir is selectively acted upon by the viral thymidine kinase.
The enzyme phosphorylates acyclovir to a monophosphate.
The acyclovir monophosphate (acyclo-GMP) is subsequently converted to acyclovir triphosphate (acyclo- GTP) by human enzymes.
Acyclo-GTP persists is a potent inhibitor viral DNA polymerase compared to human DNA polymerases. Thus, viral replication is selectively inhibited in the infected cells.
Lecture on Alcohol metabolism by Dr. Karthikeyan Pethusamy, M.D, DNB.
Feel free to download the ppt and use for the educational purpose.
Don't forget to watch the YouTube video.
Ribozymes are RNA molecules with catalytic activity, such as self-splicing introns that catalyze their own excision from pre-mRNA or RNase P that is involved in tRNA processing. Examples of ribozymes discussed include self-splicing introns, snRNAs that catalyze splicing, RNase P, and therapeutic ribozymes like angiozyme and herzyme. The ribosome is also identified as a ribozyme due to its peptidyl transferase activity.
Dr. Karthikeyan Pethusamy MD DNB (Biochemistry) explains the genetic code for the undergraduate students. Don't miss the YouTube video attached. The video is made with the same power point file.
This is a powerpoint file of a practical class taken by Dr. Karthikeyan Pethsuamay for the first year MBBS students of AIIMS, New Delhi. Feel free to download and use for educational purposes. Happy learning and teaching!
Don't forget to watch the YouTube video.
This is a powerpoint file of an MBBS practical class taken by Dr. Karthikeyan Pethusamy at All India Institute of Medical Sciences - NewDelhi.
Disclaimer: The views expressed here are of the author only not of the institution.
Promotional preview of my book for AIIMS entrance examination along with 100+ PGI type questions.
You can contact me here at: https://www.facebook.com/doctorkarthi/
Happy learning!
Levels of organisation of DNA explains how 2 meters long DNA is compacted into chromatin. Useful self-assessment questions are given in the slides. If you want to know the answer, you can ask in comments.
This document discusses nucleic acids and their components. It covers topics like the different types of nucleic acid sugars (ribose, deoxyribose, dideoxy ribose), bases (purines and pyrimidines), nucleosides, nucleotides, polynucleotides, DNA vs RNA, DNA structure (double helix, hydrogen bonding between bases), Chargaff's rule, and more. It also includes review questions related to nucleic acids.
Presentation given by Dr. Karthikeyan at Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College on 12.11.13. Thanks to Dr. B.C. Koner for suggesting this wonderful topic.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is an infection of the female upper genital tract caused by bacteria like Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. It is treated with antibiotics targeting the primary pathogens. Treatment regimens depend on disease severity, with mild to moderate disease treated with oral antibiotics as outpatients. More severe disease requires hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics. Without treatment, PID can lead to long-term complications like infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain.
This document provides information on different types of blood collection tubes including their purposes and contents. It discusses EDTA tubes which are used for complete blood counts and DNA isolation, citrate tubes which contain citrate and are used for prothrombin time tests, heparin tubes coated with heparin for karyotyping, gel tubes which separate plasma or serum from cells, plain red vials which separate serum after clot formation, and grey glucose vials containing sodium fluoride and potassium oxalate to prevent glucose consumption during processing. It emphasizes the importance of inverting tubes to mix anticoagulants and lists the recommended order of blood draw.
Acyclovir is an antiviral drug used mainly for herpes zoster infection.
Acyclovir is selectively acted upon by the viral thymidine kinase.
The enzyme phosphorylates acyclovir to a monophosphate.
The acyclovir monophosphate (acyclo-GMP) is subsequently converted to acyclovir triphosphate (acyclo- GTP) by human enzymes.
Acyclo-GTP persists is a potent inhibitor viral DNA polymerase compared to human DNA polymerases. Thus, viral replication is selectively inhibited in the infected cells.
Lecture on Alcohol metabolism by Dr. Karthikeyan Pethusamy, M.D, DNB.
Feel free to download the ppt and use for the educational purpose.
Don't forget to watch the YouTube video.
Ribozymes are RNA molecules with catalytic activity, such as self-splicing introns that catalyze their own excision from pre-mRNA or RNase P that is involved in tRNA processing. Examples of ribozymes discussed include self-splicing introns, snRNAs that catalyze splicing, RNase P, and therapeutic ribozymes like angiozyme and herzyme. The ribosome is also identified as a ribozyme due to its peptidyl transferase activity.
Dr. Karthikeyan Pethusamy MD DNB (Biochemistry) explains the genetic code for the undergraduate students. Don't miss the YouTube video attached. The video is made with the same power point file.
This is a powerpoint file of a practical class taken by Dr. Karthikeyan Pethsuamay for the first year MBBS students of AIIMS, New Delhi. Feel free to download and use for educational purposes. Happy learning and teaching!
Don't forget to watch the YouTube video.
This is a powerpoint file of an MBBS practical class taken by Dr. Karthikeyan Pethusamy at All India Institute of Medical Sciences - NewDelhi.
Disclaimer: The views expressed here are of the author only not of the institution.
Promotional preview of my book for AIIMS entrance examination along with 100+ PGI type questions.
You can contact me here at: https://www.facebook.com/doctorkarthi/
Happy learning!
Levels of organisation of DNA explains how 2 meters long DNA is compacted into chromatin. Useful self-assessment questions are given in the slides. If you want to know the answer, you can ask in comments.
This document discusses nucleic acids and their components. It covers topics like the different types of nucleic acid sugars (ribose, deoxyribose, dideoxy ribose), bases (purines and pyrimidines), nucleosides, nucleotides, polynucleotides, DNA vs RNA, DNA structure (double helix, hydrogen bonding between bases), Chargaff's rule, and more. It also includes review questions related to nucleic acids.
Presentation given by Dr. Karthikeyan at Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College on 12.11.13. Thanks to Dr. B.C. Koner for suggesting this wonderful topic.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...rightmanforbloodline
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In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
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Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
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TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Kat...rightmanforbloodline
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