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Cardiac.pptx
1.
2. • Pericardial effusion ("fluid around the heart") is an abnormal
accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity .
• Because of the limited amount of space in the pericardial cavity, fluid
accumulation leads to an increased intrapericardial pressure which
can negatively affect heart function.
• Normally there is 30-50ml of thin clear straw-coloured fluid in
pericardial space.
3. • sudden accumulations of smaller volume may produce cardiac
tamponade also known as pericardial tamponade.
• Pericardial effusion usually results from a disturbed equilibrium
between the production and re-absorption of pericardial fluid, or
from a structural abnormality that allows fluid to enter the pericardial
cavity.
4.
5. The various types of effusions & their causes are as
follows:
• Serous effusion: It occurs in conditions in which there is generated oedema
e.g. in cardiac (in CHF), renal, nutritional & hepatic causes. The effusion is
clear, water, straw-colored with specific gravity less than 1.015. It is most
common type of effusion.
• Serosanguineous effusion: It is found in blunt chest trauma &
cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
• Chylous effusion; Milky or chylous fluid accumulates in conditions causing
lymphatic obstruction.
• Cholesterol effusion: A rare type of fluid accumulation characterized by the
presence of cholesterol crystals as seen in myxoedema.
6. Symptoms:
• When pericardial effusion is caused by pericarditis, the main symptom
is chest pain. The chest pain may be made worse by deep breathing
and lessened by leaning forward. When pericarditis is causing a
pericardial effusion, other symptoms may include: z Fever
• Fatigue
• Muscle aches
• Shortness of breath
• Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (if viral illness is present)
• Large, serious pericardial effusions may cause symptoms including:
• Shortness of breath
7. • Palpitations (sensation that the heart is pounding or beating fast)
• Light-headedness or passing out
• Cool, clammy skin
8. Rheumatic heart disease
• Rheumatic heart disease is permanent damage to the heart following
rheumatic fever.
• Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that may affect many
connective tissues of the body, especially those of the heart, joints,
brain or skin.
• It usually starts out as a strep throat (streptococcal) infection.
• It usually occurs in children between the ages of 5 and 15 years.
• About 60% of people with rheumatic fever develop some degree of
subsequent heart disease.
