Cardiac Cycle Physiology Wiggers diagram.pdf

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Dr. Faiza, an Assistant Professor of Physiology, elucidates the intricacies of the cardiac cycle, providing a comprehensive understanding of the rhythmic events that drive each heartbeat. Through a detailed exploration spanning seven distinct phases, learners are guided through the dynamic changes in ventricular pressure and volume, synchronized with electrocardiogram (ECG) patterns and heart sounds. The lecture commences with an overview of the cardiac cycle, emphasizing its duration and the influence of heart rate variations on its temporal dynamics. Dr. Faiza navigates learners through the intricacies of each phase, from atrial systole to diastasis, elucidating the physiological significance of atrial and ventricular events in the context of cardiac function. Furthermore, learners are tasked with tabulating pressure and volume changes in the left and right ventricles across the cardiac cycle, fostering active engagement and conceptual reinforcement. Dr. Faiza delves into the mechanisms underlying isovolumic contraction and relaxation, highlighting the pivotal role of valvular dynamics in regulating ventricular filling and ejection. Moreover, learners gain insights into the hemodynamic determinants of stroke volume and ejection fraction, unraveling the subtle distinctions between these crucial parameters in assessing cardiac performance. The lecture culminates with a discussion on the etiology of incisura in the aortic pressure curve, offering a nuanced understanding of vascular physiology within the context of the cardiac cycle. By elucidating the intricate interplay between cardiac events and hemodynamic parameters, Dr. Faiza equips learners with the knowledge and analytical skills necessary to comprehend the complexities of cardiac physiology and its clinical implications.

Health & Medicine

Cardiac Cycle
Dr Faiza
Assistant Professor of Physiology
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology,
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)

Cardiac Cycle
Cardiac events that occur from the beginning of one heartbeat to the
beginning of the next are called the cardiac cycle

Do you know ….
How do atria act as primer pumps for ventricles?

Cardiac Cycle
• Duration of Cardiac Cycle = 1/ Heart Rate
• Effect of Tachycardia on duration of cardiac cycle

Cardiac Cycle- 7 Phases
Aortic Pressure Curve
Ventricular Pressure
Curve
Atrial Pressure Curve
Ventricular Volume
Curve
ECG
Heart Sounds
Valvular Changes
4/21/2024 8

1. Atrial Systole
a- wave in atrial
pressure curve
Not essential for
ventricular filling
Preceded by p-wave
4th Heart sound -
Pathological
4/21/2024 9

2. Isovolumic Contraction
AV valve close when
ventricular pressure
rises > Atrial Pressure
Volume is constant
Begins during QRS
Complex
1st Heart sound
4/21/2024 10

3. Rapid Ventricular Ejection
Aortic valve opens
Max ventricular
Pressure
C wave in venous
pressure curve-
Tricuspid Budging back
Most of stroke volume
ejected
Onset of T wave
Atrial Filling starts
4/21/2024 11

4. Reduced Ventricular
Ejection
Aortic Pressure
decreases
Ventricular pressure
starts decreasing
Atrial filling Continues,
v wave
Sloe ejection continues
4/21/2024 12

5. Isovolumic ventricular
Relaxation
Dicrotic Notch/Incisura
Aortic Valve closes
Ventricular P decreases
Ventricular Volume is
constant
T-wave complete
2nd heart sound
Inspiration delays closure of
the pulmonic valve and thus
causes splitting of the second
heart sound
4/21/2024 13

6. Rapid Ventricular Filling
Aortic P continues
decreasing
Mitral Valve opens, as
ventricular p< atrial P
ventricular filling from
the atrium begins
Third heart sound
4/21/2024 14

7. Diastasis/Reduced
Ventricular Filling- longest
phase
Slow ventricular Filling-
depending on Heart
Rate
4/21/2024 15

$Task • Tabulate the pressure and volume changes of left/right ventricle during phases of cardiac cycle. • Describe the cause of incisura in aortic pressure curve. • What is the difference between stroke volume and ejection fraction.$

Phases of Cardiac
Cycle
Description Ventricular Volume Ventricular Pressure
Isovolumic
Contraction
AV valve closes in beginning
Aortic valve opens in the end
Unchanged
EDV=120ml
Pressure rises
(upto 80mmHg)
Ejection Reduced by 60% of EDV
= stroke volume(70ml)
Rapid 1/3rd : 70%
Slow 2/3 : 30%
When Pressure>80mHg,
Aortic valve opens
Max pressure rise; upto
120mmHg
Isovolumic
Relaxation
Aortic valve closes at beginning
AV valve opens in the end
Constant
ESV = 40-50ml
Decrease rapidly,
(upto 2-3mmHg)
Rapid Inflow 1st third of Diastole
AV valve opens
Most rapid filling,
Volume increases rapidly
70% inflow of diastole
(about 100ml)
Low (close to zero)
Diastasis Middle third of diastole,
Longest phase,
From pulmonary veins to atrium
to ventricle directly
Increases only slightly Stays close to zero
Atrial Systole Atrial contraction
20% filling of ventricles,
Increased 20% by atrial
contraction
Slightly increased by blood
inflow
4/21/2024 21

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