6. providing energy for working muscles,
Structural component of many organism
including cell membrane
providing fuel for the central nervous system,
enabling fat metabolism, and
preventing protein from being used as energy.
9. A well-nourished adult can store approximately 500
grams or 2000 kcal of carbohydrates.
400 grams
90-110 grams
25 grams
When the body needs more glucose than is
available in to support energy
demands, glycogen stores are used to raise blood
glucose levels.
However, it is important to note that the glycogen
stored in muscle is used directly by that muscle
during exercise, it cannot borrow glycogen from
29. • Carbohydrates are the first cellular constituents
formed by photosynthetic organisms and result from
the fixation of CO2 on absorption of light.
• Glycolysis takes place in the extramitochondrial part
of the cell (or the soluble cytoplasm).
• It is frequently referred to as Embden-Meyerhof-
Parnas or EMP pathway.
30. Great grand mother eats fresh fruit dish and go by picking
pumkin to prepare pie
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31.
32.
33.
34. • Most important metabolic pathway for energy
generation.
• Responsible for 65-70 % ATP generation
• Utilizes 2/3 of total oxygen consumed by body
35.
36. • Alternative pathway to Glycolysis and TCA
cycle.
• Concerned with synthesis of NADPH and
pentoses.
• Multifunctional pathway
• This pathway is very active in tissues which are
responsible for fatty acid synthesis.
38. • Pentose
• NADPH
– Fatty acid and steroid
– Amino acid synthesis (glutamate dehydrogenase)
– Removal of H2O2 (Glutathione mediated reaction)
– Detoxification of drug (hydroxylation of drug)
– Phagocytosis (WBC)
– RBC(erythrocytes)
– Transparency of eye lens
39. • Inherited
• G6PD and RBC
• Clinical symptoms
• Drug interaction
• Resistance to malaria
40.
41.
42.
43. • A good co-ordination and regulation between
Glycogen synthesis and degradation are
essential to maintain the blood glucose level.
• Two important enzymes
– Glycogen synthase
– Glycogen phosphorylase
