1. Marco A G Andreoli, marco.andreoli@wits.ac.za
M Di Martino, J Kramers; R Gibson, A Ziegler ,V Pischedda, G Belyanin, H
Mouri, M Bamford, Z Jinnah, I Stengel, K Rumbold,
R Serra, L Chown , S Huotari
Oasis Impact crater (Libya): central ring (inner
part of central peak) – Photo: RG

2. Constituents of the Hypatia stone
Hard amorphous C, shocked
diamonds, (size: 0.x μm* - x
nm) *Prof. S. Piazolo,
Macquarie U., pers. comm.,
2016) graphite
Moissanite + Ni-phosphide
+ troilite+ FeCrNi
Grains: Ti, Al, AgPI, KCl
Dispersed: Cl, V, Cr, Cu, Mo, Os, Ir
+ H2O, Cl
extraterrestrial N &
“P3, G,Q” NobleGases+
129Xe excess + atmospheric
Ar
Length: 10.5mm
Sub-Sample // Bologna Big
In fractures: Carbonaceous matter+ REE/Ti

3. Target of our November 2011expedition: finding Hypatia-like diamonds in
Cenozoic continental sediments, palaeosols from the LDG area
MDM at Kamil Crater
LDG Core Area
1 km

4. Ti, Al, Ag
Ag, Si>S, Ca, O
Si, Ag, O
PSi
Pb
Si>>Al>Ti,Ca
Ag, Si, Al, Ca

5. 67 μm x 46 μmEMPA: C>N>S [H???]
SEM EDS: C, H >N>S, Cl, K
2D/G’ Band(s)
of nanotubes?
bands D, G
SiC
1o μm
??
1o μm

6. Tullius: Pb (Br?) (~0.3 mm)
Aeneas: SnCa>Pb>Cu alloy(~1 mm)
C

7. Remus: Ti ~1.27 mm
Romulus ~0.8 mm

8. TiN1-x
Ti
aluminum oxycarbonitride
[eutectic 1840 ⁰C]
titanium aluminide [1700 ⁰C]
Quenched gas, N? bubbles
Remus: ~1.27 mm
Ag

9. Romulus
~0.8 mm

10. • Geological, pedogenic products:
• Anthropogenic (military hardware):
• Fulgurites:
• Known meteorites (ureilite) & Cosmic spherules:
• Necsa Chemist gone berserk in the lab:
native metal grains (Ti, Al, Pb, Ag, Zr, Zn, Bi) + alloys (SnCa) +
ceramics+ nitrides (TiN1-x) + carbides (CxNx-1 [S, K]*; SiC) +
+ multiwalled carbon nanotubes? + glassy PSi *& Ag-Si-Ti-Al
metal spherules

11. • Direct relation to the Hypatia stone:
Hypatia stone hosts comparable metals and alloys/metallic
compounds (SiC, large Ti filaments; Al metal, AgPI grains);
carbonaceous (N, S-bearing) filaments.
Hypatia: Carbonaceous filaments, metals
Ti-metal
Ce
AgPI

12. The parent body of the Hypatia stone might have been be a comet
but NOT like any of those already sampled/investigated, i.e.:.
CometWild 2 …. Stardust Mission
Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko…. Rosetta Mission
CometTempe 1 ….. Deep Impact Mission
IDPs + GEMS collection…. flights by NASA, other agencies
UltracarbonaceousAntarctic Micrometeorites... Antarctic expeditions
Comets 103P/Hartley 2…. EPOXI mission
C/2009 P1 (Garradd)…Herschel Space Observatory