The document discusses trends in metal production and ore grades over time. Production of most metals, including copper, gold, lead, and iron ore, has increased dramatically since the 1800s. However, ore grades for these metals have declined significantly, meaning more ore must be mined and processed to produce the same amount of metal. Recycling rates are also relatively low for many metals. Innovative technologies are being developed to more efficiently recycle metals from things like electronic waste and improve sustainability of metal production.
Which markets are the future stars of the critical metals industry - Sykes et...John Sykes
Which markets are the future stars of the critical metals industry - Sykes et al - Nov 2015 - Greenfields Research / Centre for Exploration Targeting / Curtin University / The University of Western Australia
Midhani is the only company in India to process very special and unique metal, Titanium, from end-to-end. It starts from having raw titanium, known as Titanium sponge and then processing it to make various highly engineered products. This presentation explains the properties of Titanium, how it is being processed in Titanium Shop of Midhani. It also contains detailed explanation of each process step.
Extraction and Applications of Rare Earth Metals and Alloys (Uranium, Lithium...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Metals & Alloys is a primary source of the lanthanide rare earth metals (including yttrium and scandium) and of rare earth metal alloys. The oxides produced from processing rare earths are collectively referred to as rare earth oxides. Although rare earths are relatively common in the earth’s crust, they often do not occur in high enough concentrations, or occur along with high levels of radioactive elements to make their extraction economic.
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Applications of Rare Earth Metals and Alloys, Beryllium, Best small and cottage scale industries, Boron, Business guidance for Rare earth metals and alloys processing, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Cadmium, Chromium, Extraction and Applications of Rare Earth Metals and Alloys, Extraction of Rare Earth Metals and Alloys, How to Start a Rare earth metals and alloys Business, How to Start a Rare earth metals and alloys extraction?, How to start a successful Rare earth metals and alloys extraction, How to start rare earth alloys Processing Industry in India, How to start rare earth metals Processing Industry in India, Industrial Uses of Rare Earths metals and alloys, Lithium, Magnesium Alloys with Rare-Earth Metal, Magnetic Properties of Rare‐Earth Metals and Alloys, Manganese, Molybdenum, Most Profitable Rare earth metals and alloys Processing Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in Rare earth metals and alloys processing industry, Platinum Metals, Preparation of Rare Earth Metals and Alloys, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Profitable Small Scale Rare earth metals and alloys extraction, Project for startups, Properties of Rare Earth Metals and Alloys, Rare Earth Alloys, Rare Earth Elements - Metals, Minerals, Mining, Uses, Rare earth elements (REE): industrial technology, Rare Earth Elements Applications, Rare earth elements properties, Rare earth elements separation process, Rare Earth elements, Rare earth extraction process, Rare Earth Industry, Rare earth metals and alloy extraction process, Rare earth metals and alloys Based Profitable Projects, Rare earth metals and alloys Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Rare earth metals and alloys extraction Business, Rare earth metals and alloys Processing Industry in India, Rare earth metals and alloys Processing Projects, Rare Earth Metals and Alloys, Rare earth metals India, Rare Earth Metals Production and Alloys with Properties, Rare earth metals uses, Rare Earth Metals, Rare Earth Resources, Rare minerals list, Selenium, Setting up and opening your Rare earth metals and alloys Business, Silicon, Small Scale Rare earth metals and alloys Processing Projects, Small scale Rare earth metals and alloys production line, Small Start-up Business Project, Starting a Rare earth metals and alloys Processing Business, Start-up Business Plan for Rare earth metals and alloys processing
Introduction to Non ferrous metal extraction, extraction of copper, zink, plumbum, Nickel, Magnesium, Aluminium, Zirconium,Titanium, Stansium, Niobium, Uranium in pyrometallurgical routes.
Non - Ferrous Extraction of Metals Lecture NotesFellowBuddy.com
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Objective Capital's Industrial Metals, Minerals & Mineable Energy Investment Summit 2011
Ironmongers' Hall, City of London
3 November 2011
Speaker: Brian Coope, Industrial Minerals Analyst
UTILISATION OF STEEL SLAG IN ROADS OF MARATHWADA REGIONijiert bestjournal
MIDC Jalna is declared as steel zone in Marathwada region of Maharashtra. There are about 38 steel rolling mills and 10 Billet/Ingot mi lls,producing 60,0 tonnes Billets/ Ingots every day,wasting 20% i.e. 12000 tonnes of steel slag. This slag is crushed;s teel is again extracted from the slag,which is held in pores in the slag. About 18% steel slag of it has been wasted (1% finer slag and 1% steel). After studying the properties of steel slag by geotechnical engineering point of view,the engineering properties of slag are too similar as compared to the natural aggregates. Properties like gradation,impact value,crushing value,abrasion value of aggregate are within limits of the MoRTH. Also the CBR value is found more than that of the n atural aggregate. By utilizing this slag in roads,the waste material will be used and slag won�t cause any harmful impact on the environment.
Which markets are the future stars of the critical metals industry - Sykes et...John Sykes
Which markets are the future stars of the critical metals industry - Sykes et al - Nov 2015 - Greenfields Research / Centre for Exploration Targeting / Curtin University / The University of Western Australia
Midhani is the only company in India to process very special and unique metal, Titanium, from end-to-end. It starts from having raw titanium, known as Titanium sponge and then processing it to make various highly engineered products. This presentation explains the properties of Titanium, how it is being processed in Titanium Shop of Midhani. It also contains detailed explanation of each process step.
Extraction and Applications of Rare Earth Metals and Alloys (Uranium, Lithium...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Metals & Alloys is a primary source of the lanthanide rare earth metals (including yttrium and scandium) and of rare earth metal alloys. The oxides produced from processing rare earths are collectively referred to as rare earth oxides. Although rare earths are relatively common in the earth’s crust, they often do not occur in high enough concentrations, or occur along with high levels of radioactive elements to make their extraction economic.
See more
http://goo.gl/eWiKDC
http://goo.gl/NinsU1
http://www.entrepreneurindia.co/
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Applications of Rare Earth Metals and Alloys, Beryllium, Best small and cottage scale industries, Boron, Business guidance for Rare earth metals and alloys processing, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Cadmium, Chromium, Extraction and Applications of Rare Earth Metals and Alloys, Extraction of Rare Earth Metals and Alloys, How to Start a Rare earth metals and alloys Business, How to Start a Rare earth metals and alloys extraction?, How to start a successful Rare earth metals and alloys extraction, How to start rare earth alloys Processing Industry in India, How to start rare earth metals Processing Industry in India, Industrial Uses of Rare Earths metals and alloys, Lithium, Magnesium Alloys with Rare-Earth Metal, Magnetic Properties of Rare‐Earth Metals and Alloys, Manganese, Molybdenum, Most Profitable Rare earth metals and alloys Processing Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in Rare earth metals and alloys processing industry, Platinum Metals, Preparation of Rare Earth Metals and Alloys, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Profitable Small Scale Rare earth metals and alloys extraction, Project for startups, Properties of Rare Earth Metals and Alloys, Rare Earth Alloys, Rare Earth Elements - Metals, Minerals, Mining, Uses, Rare earth elements (REE): industrial technology, Rare Earth Elements Applications, Rare earth elements properties, Rare earth elements separation process, Rare Earth elements, Rare earth extraction process, Rare Earth Industry, Rare earth metals and alloy extraction process, Rare earth metals and alloys Based Profitable Projects, Rare earth metals and alloys Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Rare earth metals and alloys extraction Business, Rare earth metals and alloys Processing Industry in India, Rare earth metals and alloys Processing Projects, Rare Earth Metals and Alloys, Rare earth metals India, Rare Earth Metals Production and Alloys with Properties, Rare earth metals uses, Rare Earth Metals, Rare Earth Resources, Rare minerals list, Selenium, Setting up and opening your Rare earth metals and alloys Business, Silicon, Small Scale Rare earth metals and alloys Processing Projects, Small scale Rare earth metals and alloys production line, Small Start-up Business Project, Starting a Rare earth metals and alloys Processing Business, Start-up Business Plan for Rare earth metals and alloys processing
Introduction to Non ferrous metal extraction, extraction of copper, zink, plumbum, Nickel, Magnesium, Aluminium, Zirconium,Titanium, Stansium, Niobium, Uranium in pyrometallurgical routes.
Non - Ferrous Extraction of Metals Lecture NotesFellowBuddy.com
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# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief – “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
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Objective Capital's Industrial Metals, Minerals & Mineable Energy Investment Summit 2011
Ironmongers' Hall, City of London
3 November 2011
Speaker: Brian Coope, Industrial Minerals Analyst
UTILISATION OF STEEL SLAG IN ROADS OF MARATHWADA REGIONijiert bestjournal
MIDC Jalna is declared as steel zone in Marathwada region of Maharashtra. There are about 38 steel rolling mills and 10 Billet/Ingot mi lls,producing 60,0 tonnes Billets/ Ingots every day,wasting 20% i.e. 12000 tonnes of steel slag. This slag is crushed;s teel is again extracted from the slag,which is held in pores in the slag. About 18% steel slag of it has been wasted (1% finer slag and 1% steel). After studying the properties of steel slag by geotechnical engineering point of view,the engineering properties of slag are too similar as compared to the natural aggregates. Properties like gradation,impact value,crushing value,abrasion value of aggregate are within limits of the MoRTH. Also the CBR value is found more than that of the n atural aggregate. By utilizing this slag in roads,the waste material will be used and slag won�t cause any harmful impact on the environment.
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CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
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Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
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Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
5. End-of-life recycling rates for sixty-two metals
103
Lr
102
No
101
Md
100
Fm
99
Es
98
Cf
97
Bk
96
Cm
95
Am
94
Pu
93
Np
92
U
91
Pa
90
Th
89
Ac
** Actinides
71
Lu
70
Yb
69
Tm
68
Er
67
Ho
66
Dy
65
Tb
64
Gd
63
Eu
62
Sm
61
Pm
60
Nd
59
Pr
58
Ce
57
La
* Lanthanides
103
Lr
102
No
101
Md
100
Fm
99
Es
98
Cf
97
Bk
96
Cm
95
Am
94
Pu
93
Np
92
U
91
Pa
90
Th
89
Ac
** Actinides
71
Lu
70
Yb
69
Tm
68
Er
67
Ho
66
Dy
65
Tb
64
Gd
63
Eu
62
Sm
61
Pm
60
Nd
59
Pr
58
Ce
57
La
* Lanthanides
<1% 1-10% >10-25% >25-50% >50%
118
Uuo
(117)
(Uus)
116
Uuh
115
Uup
114
Uuq
113
Uut
112
Uub
111
Rg
110
Ds
109
Mt
108
Hs
107
Bh
106
Sg
105
Db
104
Rf
**
88
Ra
87
Fr
86
Rn
85
At
84
Po
83
Bi
82
Pb
81
Tl
80
Hg
79
Au
78
Pt
77
Ir
76
Os
75
Re
74
W
73
Ta
72
Hf
*
56
Ba
55
Cs
54
Xe
53
I
52
Te
51
Sb
50
Sn
49
In
48
Cd
47
Ag
46
Pd
45
Rh
44
Ru
43
Tc
42
Mo
41
Nb
40
Zr
39
Y
38
Sr
37
Rb
36
Kr
35
Br
34
Se
33
As
32
Ge
31
Ga
30
Zn
29
Cu
28
Ni
27
Co
26
Fe
25
Mn
24
Cr
23
V
22
Ti
21
Sc
20
Ca
19
K
18
Ar
17
Cl
16
S
15
P
14
Si
13
Al
12
Mg
11
Na
10
Ne
9
F
8
O
7
N
6
C
5
B
4
Be
3
Li
2
He
1
H
118
Uuo
(117)
(Uus)
116
Uuh
115
Uup
114
Uuq
113
Uut
112
Uub
111
Rg
110
Ds
109
Mt
108
Hs
107
Bh
106
Sg
105
Db
104
Rf
**
88
Ra
87
Fr
86
Rn
85
At
84
Po
83
Bi
82
Pb
81
Tl
80
Hg
79
Au
78
Pt
77
Ir
76
Os
75
Re
74
W
73
Ta
72
Hf
*
56
Ba
55
Cs
54
Xe
53
I
52
Te
51
Sb
50
Sn
49
In
48
Cd
47
Ag
46
Pd
45
Rh
44
Ru
43
Tc
42
Mo
41
Nb
40
Zr
39
Y
38
Sr
37
Rb
36
Kr
35
Br
34
Se
33
As
32
Ge
31
Ga
30
Zn
29
Cu
28
Ni
27
Co
26
Fe
25
Mn
24
Cr
23
V
22
Ti
21
Sc
20
Ca
19
K
18
Ar
17
Cl
16
S
15
P
14
Si
13
Al
12
Mg
11
Na
10
Ne
9
F
8
O
7
N
6
C
5
B
4
Be
3
Li
2
He
1
H
T. Graedel et al., J. Industrial Ecology, in press, 2011
10. From
http://www.ys-
consulting.com.tw/news/47
310.html
Electronic and machine parts production
Print circuit board (PCB) production
in the world
China
Korea
Taiwan
Japan
Others
2013
From
http://www.mizuhobank.co.jp/corporate/bizinf
o/industry/sangyou/pdf/mif_166.pdf
Singapore
China
Taiwan
Korea
Japan
LCD foundation investment ratio in the world
Investment
%
Forecast
Japan
Korea
Taiwan
China
12. Decoupling of resource use and environmental
impact to the economic activity.
(UNEP, Decupling natural resource use and environmental impacts from
economic growth, 2011,)
13. A hypothetic relation between metal consumption
and economic growth
Developing
countries
Developed
countries
Peak
Rapid
growth
Stable
softening
GDP/capita
Metal
consumption
/capita
(or
GDP)
Developed countries does not need larger amount of resources.
14. Cu
ingots
consumption
amount
per
capita,
ton
/
capita
Real growth domestic product (GDP) per capita, $ in 2005 per capita
0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000
India
Korea
0.02
0.01
0
Germany
USA
Japan
UK
France
China
Indonesia
Total world
Japan and Korea already shows decoupling of Cu consumption per GDP.
15. Surge in the middle class in the world
(From Wolfensohn center for development, 2010)
Many people use the resources and energy and emit the wastes.→ 3R is important.
16. La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu
rare metal listed in ATSDR
→Recycling is important.
Rare earth
Metals listed by Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
(ATSDR)
Titanium tetrachloride
Other elemental compound listed
in ATSDR
Pu
Th U
Rare metal in 1984 by METI
17. 17
Metal production and price
Meal production
(from Dr. Takashi Nishiyama : rare metal and resources), 2009
Metal price
Platinum
group
Rare
earth
Small amount of metals are expensive except toxic metals.
18. Comparison of minerals markets in 2012
Rare metal
(0.1 Billion
US$)
Fe
Cu
Au
Mn
Ni
Zn
Cr
Pt
Mo
Pd
W
Nb
Co
In
Ga
Rare
earth
Pt
Mo
Pd
W
Nb
Co
In
Ga
Rare earth
Metal Nd
Metal Dy
CeO2
La2O3
100%
40%
3%
<1%
Rare metal price may be
changed by investment.
19. Metal price change
Platinum
price
(from LME, London, METI,
JOGMEC)
http://www.neomag.jp/statistics/rare_earth
_newprice2.php
$/toz
US$/k
g
US$/k
g
Light rare earth element
Heavy rare earth element
2011
2012
2013
2014
2011
2012
2013
2014
Dy
Tb
Nd
Pr
Sm
Nd+Pr
La
Ce
Y
Rare earth and other metal prices increased in 2011.
20. Example of mechanical and electrical products,
using rare metals.
Rare metal utilizes renewable energy production and to save the energy.
,Wind farm
battery
21. Metal
Growth rate of supply
and demand per year,
%
(from 2020 to 2030)
Supply and
demand
(production) per
year in 2020
Supply and
demand
(production) per
year in 2030
Reference
Fe 1.8 1700 Mt 2050 Mt JFE group
Al 3.7 65 Mt 74 Mt USGS
Cu 3.4 26 Mt 37 Mt
World metal
statics
Zn 2 14.5 Mt 16.5 Mt ILZSG
Pb 1.2 12.8 Mt 14 Mt ILZSG
Ni 2.3→1.8 2.2 Mt 2.6 Mt
Wood
Mackenzie
Co 6 0.13 Mt CDI
Mn 3.2→1.7 19 Mt 23 Mt BHP Billiton
Li 8 0.045 Mt TRU
Rare earth 5.9 0.14 Mt Roskill
Pt* 2 125 t (139) 143 t (173) MERI/J
Pd* 1.4 246 t 280 t MERI/J
* only for automobiles
Forecast of world metal growth rate of supply and demand in 2020 and 2030
(MERI/J, Automobiles and metal, No.Ⅱ Metal market, No. 214, 2015.)
Increase
22. Metal recycling percentage of used materials and metal
terrestrial abundance (UNEP2011)
Rare metal recycling rate of actual utilized artifacts is very low.
23. Several innovative technologies for recycling
1. Crushing・・・Under water explosion
Electrical crushing under water, etc.
2. Powder Separation・・・Liquid-liquid
separation, etc.
3. Solvent extraction・・・emulsion flow, etc.
4. Metal ion concentration method by freezing
liquid with agitation
5. Carbonization by heating in an inert
atmosphere
24. Rotor in motor
( air compressor of air-conditioner )
Rare earth magnets
included parts
1.1 Rotor crushing for rare earth magnet recycling
Pretreatment to crush rotor using rare earth magnet and introduction of
used rare earth magnet recycling
Hard material crushing
Fragmentation of different density material crushing Under water explosion is suitable.
Erase the information
Harmful materials crushing
25. A sieve (1mm) at the bottom of explosion tank
Press: Pull: Press :Pull:Press:Pull
26. Separated rare earth magnet powder (a)
and steel plate (b)
(a) (b)
heated at 400 for
demagnetization
→Sieving of 5mm
27. 1.2 Electrical disintegration method
Without heating, the LCD panel can be rapidly
separated with the electrical disintegration of
high voltage pulse in water.
Here, a LCD of cellular phone is tested. A setting
of LCD in water by the electrical disintegration
apparatus is shown .
LCD of cellular phone
Ground
High voltage pulse electrode
60kV
Pulse type electrical crushing in water
SELFRAG
28. Photo. LCD of cellular phone before separation (a)
and separated LCD panels (b).
LCD panel is separated completely into two glass panels.
Some liquid crystal floats in water and some are attached on the
glass surface. Content of indium in LCD of a cellar phone is
about 1100g/t.
2. Liquid crystal recycling
Liquid crystal can be recovered by organic solvent extraction. The
evaporation of liquid crystal on glass by heating in vacuum is also
possible.
(a) (b)