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Canada's history.ppt
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- 5. One thousand years ago,people who lived in one area knew very little about the rest of the world.
- 6. The earliest European explorerswere the Vikings.
- 7. They lived inthe part of Europe that is today called Scandinavia.
- 9. The Vikings were knownthroughout northern Europe as great warriors and sailors.
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- 11. Much of whatwe know today about their adventures comes from sagas.
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- 25. Historians have come tobelieve that the Vikings were the first Europeans to reach the Americas, about 1,000 years ago.
- 26. A Viking namedEric the Red and his crew set sail from Iceland and landed on an island that he named Vinland.
- 28. It was calledVinland because of the abundance of green vines found there.
- 30. Twenty years later, LeifEricson founded the island now called Newfoundland.
- 32. Fierce battles took placebetween the Indians and the Vikings as a result of a land dispute. . . .
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- 34. Almost 500 years passedbefore Europeans took up an interest in sailing across the Atlantic.
- 35. Three reasons: 1. Betterships 2. Better instruments 3. Desire to trade with Asia
- 36. What was inAsia? Silk, spices, perfume, diamonds, spices, rubies, pearls, and spices! (Did we mention spices?)
- 37. Traders knew ofonly two routes to Asia, both of which were very long and dangerous.
- 38. Some people thought thatif they sailed west, instead of east, they could also reach Asia.
- 39. The first Europeanto attempt this route was Christopher Columbus. (But he reached the Americas instead of Asia.)
- 40. Later, other explorers beganto hope that they could find an all-water route to Asia by traveling along the north coast of North America.
- 41. Although none of themever found this Northwest Passage, they were able to explore much of Canada.
- 42. English Exploration (1497)John Cabot,an Italian, reached Vinland. He renamed it Newfoundland.
- 43. French Exploration (1524) Giovannida Verrazano established French claims to land in Canada.
- 44. (1534) Jacques Cartier explored theSt. Lawrence River and founded the present-day city of Montreal.
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- 46. Many European fishing boatsfished in the Grand Banks, an area near Newfoundland that was teaming with fish.
- 47. Europeans living in Canadatraded with the Indians knives and kettles for fur pelts.
- 48. Hats made outof beaver fur were all the rage back home in Europe!
- 49. The king ofFrance sent Samuel de Champlain to start a colony in Canada in the early 1600’s.
- 50. In 1608, Champlain establishedthe settlement of Quebec.
- 51. Quebec was the beginningof the first French colony in North America, which was called New France.
- 52. Because of hishard work, Champlain became known as the “Father of New France”.
- 53. The French would notallow anyone to move to Quebec that was not Roman Catholic.
- 54. Also, people were notused to the area’s climate and farming was difficult.
- 55. Champlain was the firstEuropean to see the Great Lakes.
- 56. Most of thetraders who ran the Canadian trading posts were French.
- 57. The British formed theHudson’s Bay Company, which spread quickly, establishing posts all along Hudson Bay.
- 58. Some European trappers livedin the forests with the Indians. They were called coureurs de bois, “wood runners”
- 59. These scouts learned from theIndians. They learned how to use birchbark canoes.
- 60. The French voyageurs carried thetraders’ goods from the forests.
- 61. The strong voyageurs paddleddown Canada’s swift rivers, carrying their canoes and cargo over each portage, or land route.
- 62. In 1642, thecolony of Montreal was founded.
- 63. Montreal became the centerfor missionaries from France.
- 64. The French hoped to convertthe Indians to Christianity.
- 65. Montreal served asa missionary center for many years. It also became an important base for fur traders and explorers.
- 66. Lesson 3: Colonies inConflict
- 67. By the 1700’s,Canada was a land of many cultures.
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- 69. In the late1600’s and early 1700’s the French and British frequently fought over land and competed for the fur trade.
- 70. In 1754 war brokeout in the Ohio River Valley, an area claimed by both France and Britain.
- 71. The war becameknown as the rench and Indian War because the French and the Huron banded together against the British.
- 72. British troops surrounded New France,using a blockade to keep food and other supplies from entering the colony.
- 73. James Wolfe wasone of the officers for the British army.
- 74. General Louis de Montcalmwas with the French army.
- 75. The Battle ofthe Plains of Abraham is considered the most decisive in Canadian history. This battle lasted only ten minutes!
- 76. By 1763, Francehad given up all of its claims to land in North America.
- 77. In 1774, theBritish passed the Quebec Act, which guaranteed the French the right to maintain their own culture.
- 78. Thousands of French- speakingpeople were forced by British soldiers to leave Nova Scotia, then called Acadia.
- 79. These Acadians refused topledge loyalty to the British crown. Some Acadians went to the area around present-day Louisiana.
- 80. Today, their descendants are called“Cajuns”.
- 81. In 1776, the UnitedStates became independent of Great Britain.
- 82. Loyalists, colonists who hadremained loyal to Britain had often been forced by the rebels to leave their homes.
- 83. Many loyalists migrated toCanada during and after the American Revolution.
- 84. Many Loyalists didnot want to live among French-speaking Canadians. Est-ce que vous parlez en Francais? Huh? Non, il a’ arrive’ a L’Angleterre.
- 85. In 1791 Britaindivided the former colony of New France into two colonies, Lower Canada and Upper Canada.
- 86. Most English-speaking settlers livedin the western part of Upper Canada.
- 87. Lower Canada, now Quebec,was home to many French-speaking settlers. Au contraire, mon frere!
- 88. In the 1700’sBritain gained control over the vast area of Canada.
- 89. However, Canada would haveto struggle in order to survive as one nation.