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Canada's history.ppt
- 5. One thousand years ago, people who lived in one area knew very little about the rest of the world.
- 6. The earliest European explorers were the Vikings.
- 7. They lived in the part of Europe that is today called Scandinavia.
- 9. The Vikings were known throughout northern Europe as great warriors and sailors.
- 11. Much of what we know today about their adventures comes from sagas.
- 25. Historians have come to believe that the Vikings were the first Europeans to reach the Americas, about 1,000 years ago.
- 26. A Viking named Eric the Red and his crew set sail from Iceland and landed on an island that he named Vinland.
- 28. It was called Vinland because of the abundance of green vines found there.
- 30. Twenty years later, Leif Ericson founded the island now called Newfoundland.
- 32. Fierce battles took place between the Indians and the Vikings as a result of a land dispute. . . .
- 34. Almost 500 years passed before Europeans took up an interest in sailing across the Atlantic.
- 35. Three reasons: 1. Better ships 2. Better instruments 3. Desire to trade with Asia
- 36. What was in Asia? Silk, spices, perfume, diamonds, spices, rubies, pearls, and spices! (Did we mention spices?)
- 37. Traders knew of only two routes to Asia, both of which were very long and dangerous.
- 38. Some people thought that if they sailed west, instead of east, they could also reach Asia.
- 39. The first European to attempt this route was Christopher Columbus. (But he reached the Americas instead of Asia.)
- 40. Later, other explorers began to hope that they could find an all-water route to Asia by traveling along the north coast of North America.
- 41. Although none of them ever found this Northwest Passage, they were able to explore much of Canada.
- 42. English Exploration (1497)John Cabot, an Italian, reached Vinland. He renamed it Newfoundland.
- 43. French Exploration (1524) Giovanni da Verrazano established French claims to land in Canada.
- 44. (1534) Jacques Cartier explored the St. Lawrence River and founded the present-day city of Montreal.
- 46. Many European fishing boats fished in the Grand Banks, an area near Newfoundland that was teaming with fish.
- 47. Europeans living in Canada traded with the Indians knives and kettles for fur pelts.
- 48. Hats made out of beaver fur were all the rage back home in Europe!
- 49. The king of France sent Samuel de Champlain to start a colony in Canada in the early 1600’s.
- 50. In 1608, Champlain established the settlement of Quebec.
- 51. Quebec was the beginning of the first French colony in North America, which was called New France.
- 52. Because of his hard work, Champlain became known as the “Father of New France”.
- 53. The French would not allow anyone to move to Quebec that was not Roman Catholic.
- 54. Also, people were not used to the area’s climate and farming was difficult.
- 55. Champlain was the first European to see the Great Lakes.
- 56. Most of the traders who ran the Canadian trading posts were French.
- 57. The British formed the Hudson’s Bay Company, which spread quickly, establishing posts all along Hudson Bay.
- 58. Some European trappers lived in the forests with the Indians. They were called coureurs de bois, “wood runners”
- 59. These scouts learned from the Indians. They learned how to use birchbark canoes.
- 60. The French voyageurs carried the traders’ goods from the forests.
- 61. The strong voyageurs paddled down Canada’s swift rivers, carrying their canoes and cargo over each portage, or land route.
- 62. In 1642, the colony of Montreal was founded.
- 63. Montreal became the center for missionaries from France.
- 64. The French hoped to convert the Indians to Christianity.
- 65. Montreal served as a missionary center for many years. It also became an important base for fur traders and explorers.
- 66. Lesson 3: Colonies in Conflict
- 67. By the 1700’s, Canada was a land of many cultures.
- 69. In the late 1600’s and early 1700’s the French and British frequently fought over land and competed for the fur trade.
- 70. In 1754 war broke out in the Ohio River Valley, an area claimed by both France and Britain.
- 71. The war became known as the rench and Indian War because the French and the Huron banded together against the British.
- 72. British troops surrounded New France, using a blockade to keep food and other supplies from entering the colony.
- 73. James Wolfe was one of the officers for the British army.
- 74. General Louis de Montcalm was with the French army.
- 75. The Battle of the Plains of Abraham is considered the most decisive in Canadian history. This battle lasted only ten minutes!
- 76. By 1763, France had given up all of its claims to land in North America.
- 77. In 1774, the British passed the Quebec Act, which guaranteed the French the right to maintain their own culture.
- 78. Thousands of French- speaking people were forced by British soldiers to leave Nova Scotia, then called Acadia.
- 79. These Acadians refused to pledge loyalty to the British crown. Some Acadians went to the area around present-day Louisiana.
- 80. Today, their descendants are called “Cajuns”.
- 81. In 1776, the United States became independent of Great Britain.
- 82. Loyalists, colonists who had remained loyal to Britain had often been forced by the rebels to leave their homes.
- 83. Many loyalists migrated to Canada during and after the American Revolution.
- 84. Many Loyalists did not want to live among French-speaking Canadians. Est-ce que vous parlez en Francais? Huh? Non, il a’ arrive’ a L’Angleterre.
- 85. In 1791 Britain divided the former colony of New France into two colonies, Lower Canada and Upper Canada.
- 86. Most English-speaking settlers lived in the western part of Upper Canada.
- 87. Lower Canada, now Quebec, was home to many French-speaking settlers. Au contraire, mon frere!
- 88. In the 1700’s Britain gained control over the vast area of Canada.
- 89. However, Canada would have to struggle in order to survive as one nation.