CAN YOU DO THIS FOR ME DUE 9/28/2020 you are required to reply to 2 other classmates’ threads. Each reply must be a minimum of 100 words and must cite at least 2 academic source s. One source has to be biblical.. Acceptable sources include the textbook, peer-reviewed journal articles, government sources/websites, and professional association websites. In addition to academic support, students must apply a Chrisitian worldview perspective and integrate Biblical scripture support for all posts.  Responding to a classmate’s post requires both the addition of new ideas and analysis. A particular point made by the classmate must be addressed and built upon by your analysis in order to move the conversation forward . Thus, the response post is a rigorous assignment that requires you to build upon initial posts to develop deeper and more thorough discussion of the ideas introduced in the initial posts. As such, reply posts that merely affirm, restate or unprofessionally quarrel with the previous post(s) and fail to make a valuable, substantive contribution to the discussion will receive appropriate point deductions.  replies are due by 10:59 p.m. (CST) on Monday of the same modules/weeks   1st reply  J oshua Sanchez              This discussion board thread will examine whether this student believes that law enforcement has probable cause to obtain an arrest warrant for Mr. Smith. This student does believe that an arrest warrant can be obtained for Mr. Smith’s arrest based on several key factors that were mentioned in the case. First though, let one examine a brief definition of probable cause since that is what is needed to make an arrest. “[P]robable cause is ‘something more than ‘mere suspicion,’ but something less than ‘beyond a reasonable doubt,'93 is based on common sense, and involves a flexible approach involving the totality of the circumstances94 as set forth in Illinois v. Gates” (Zanello, 2015, B. Search Warrants, Warrantless Searches, Probable Cause, and Reasonable Suspicion, Para. 2). Essentially, probable cause is a suspicion that is backed up by several facts. (Hess, Orthmann, and Cho, 2017) This is the definition of probable cause that this post will use to show that there is probable cause to obtain an arrest warrant for Smith.             To begin examining whether an arrest warrant can be given for Mr. Smith, one should ensure that a crime actually did occur. This means that all of the elements of a robbery must be present in this crime scenario. The elements of a robbery are: whether there was property that was wrongfully taken from its owner, whether the property was taken while in the owner’s presence, and whether the property was taken by force or by the threat of force. (Hess, Orthmann, and Cho, 2017) In the case scenario, the cashier was definitely robbed, for he had his property taken away from him, in his presence, by the threat of force. Thus, there was definitely a crime here.             Next, one .

1. CAN YOU DO THIS FOR ME DUE 9/28/2020
you are required
to reply to 2 other classmates’
threads. Each reply must be a minimum of
100 words
and must
cite at least 2 academic source
s. One source has to be biblical.. Acceptable sources include the
textbook, peer-reviewed journal articles, government
sources/websites, and professional association websites. In
addition to academic support, students
must
apply a
Chrisitian worldview perspective
and integrate Biblical scripture support for
all
posts.
Responding to a classmate’s post requires both the addition of
new ideas and analysis. A particular point made by the
classmate must be addressed and built upon by your analysis in
order
to move the conversation forward
. Thus, the response post is a rigorous assignment that requires
you to build upon initial posts to develop deeper and more
thorough discussion of the ideas introduced in the initial posts.
As such, reply posts that merely affirm, restate or
unprofessionally quarrel with the previous post(s) and fail to
make a valuable, substantive contribution to the discussion will
receive appropriate point deductions.
replies are due by 10:59 p.m. (CST) on Monday of the same

2. modules/weeks
1st reply
J
oshua Sanchez
This discussion board thread will examine whether this
student believes that law enforcement has probable cause to
obtain an arrest warrant for Mr. Smith. This student does
believe that an arrest warrant can be obtained for Mr. Smith’s
arrest based on several key factors that were mentioned in the
case. First though, let one examine a brief definition of
probable cause since that is what is needed to make an arrest.
“[P]robable cause is ‘something more than ‘mere suspicion,’ but
something less than ‘beyond a reasonable doubt,'93 is based on
common sense, and involves a flexible approach involving the
totality of the circumstances94 as set forth in Illinois v. Gates”
(Zanello, 2015, B. Search Warrants, Warrantless Searches,
Probable Cause, and Reasonable Suspicion, Para. 2).
Essentially, probable cause is a suspicion that is backed up by
several facts. (Hess, Orthmann, and Cho, 2017) This is the
definition of probable cause that this post will use to show that
there is probable cause to obtain an arrest warrant for Smith.
To begin examining whether an arrest warrant can be
given for Mr. Smith, one should ensure that a crime actually did
occur. This means that all of the elements of a robbery must be
present in this crime scenario. The elements of a robbery are:
whether there was property that was wrongfully taken from its
owner, whether the property was taken while in the owner’s
presence, and whether the property was taken by force or by the
threat of force. (Hess, Orthmann, and Cho, 2017) In the case
scenario, the cashier was definitely robbed, for he had his
property taken away from him, in his presence, by the threat of

3. force. Thus, there was definitely a crime here.
Next, one must examine the facts that support law
enforcement’s probable cause. First, Mr. Smith’s clothing
matched that of the robber, and his car was seen in the general
vicinity of the convenience store. While this could be a
coincidence, this could also very likely mean that Mr. Smith
was the one who committed the crime. Mr. Smith also met all of
the eyewitness descriptions and video descriptions of the
robber. The cashier’s description matched the video recording’s
description, and in the photo lineup, the cashier also picked out
Mr. Smith in the lineup.
Thus, the eyewitness testimony points to Mr. Smith as the
robber. “Despite criticism and controversy regarding the value
of eyewitness testimony, judges and juries accord significant
weight to eyewitness evidence” (Hess, Orthmann, and Cho,
2017, 1-12j Witnesses, Para. 2), and the police should trust the
eyewitness evidence in this case as well. This is because the
eyewitness testimony matches the description of Mr. John Smith
and because all of the other evidences also seems to point to
Mr. Smith. Hence, there is definitely probable cause to arrest
him, for common sense (supported by several facts) would seem
to indicate that he was the one who conducted the crime.
This though, does not necessarily mean that Mr. Smith is guilty,
but it does give the officers probable cause to arrest him and
then question him further. The only factor that seems to stand
against the opinion that Mr. Smith was the robber, is that he
stated that he was shooting hoops alone on the night of the
robbery. This evidence though, cannot be backed up if he was
alone, and therefore, he does not have any alibis. Usually,
“suspects attempt to corroborate their alibi by offering objects
(physical evidence) or details about people (person evidence)
that may account for their presence at a certain place at a
certain time during the time frame of the crime” (Portnoy,

4. Hope, Vrij, Ask, & Landström, 2019, Providing a Convincing
Alibi, Para. 1).
If though, Mr. Smith was shooting hoops alone, and since there
was no evidence given by Mr. Smith that could prove his
innocence in the case, it is basically Mr. Smith’s word against
that of the other evidence. Mr. Smith’s word – while important
– cannot stand alone, for as the Bible says, “[m]ost men will
proclaim every one his own goodness: but a faithful man who
can find?” (Proverbs 20:6, KJV). This means that most people
will claim whatever is in their best interest to be the truth. This
means that Mr. Smith could be possibly lying about his
whereabouts on the night of the robbery. Therefore, if the
evidence matches up with the assumption that Mr. Smith was
the robber, then there should be an arrest warrant filed for him,
for there is definitely enough probable cause in this case to at
least issue an arrest warrant for Mr. Smith.
References
Hess, K. M., Orthmann, C. H., & Cho, H. L. (2017).
Criminal investigation
(11th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning
Portnoy, S., Hope, L., Vrij, A., Ask, K., & Landström, S.
(2019). Beliefs about suspect alibis: A survey of lay people in
the United Kingdom, Israel, and Sweden.
The International Journal of Evidence & Proof, 24
(1), 59-74. doi:10.1177/1365712719873008
Zanello, L. N. (2015). To sniff or not to sniff: Making sense of
past and recent state and federal decisions in connection with
drug-detection dogs - where do we go from here?
Albany Law Review, 78
(4), 1569-1603. Retrieved from
https://web-b-ebscohost-

5. com.ezproxy.liberty.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1&sid
=5d6e39a3-6780-4e4e-b21a-aa6577e963ec%40sessionmgr103
2nd reply
Angela Thompson
“Let the thief no longer steal, but rather let him labor, doing
honest work with his own hands, so that he may have something
to share with anyone in need” (Ephesians 4:28). In this
particular situation, the officer-involved had probable cause to
obtain an arrest warrant for the student (suspect), John Smith.
“Probable cause exists when facts and circumstances are
sufficient in themselves to warrant a person of reasonable
caution to believe that a crime has been or is being committed”
(Hess, Orthmann & Cho,2017). Based on the evidence
presented, the arrest warrant was valid. “All states permit an
arrest based on probable cause” (Hess, Orthmann & Cho,2017).
John Smith’s clothing and physical description matched that of
the robber on the surveillance video. John Smiths alibi was
lacking, in the fact that no one could attest to him “Shooting
hoops on Liberty University’s campus” because he stated that
he was alone. The cashier was able to identify Smith as the
robber after viewing his photograph. “Eyewitness identification
is affected by many factors: the distance between the witness
and the suspect at the time of the robbery; the time of day,
lighting, and weather conditions; the amount of violence
involved; whether the witness had ever seen or knew the
suspect; and the time it took for the crime to be committed”
(Hess, Orthmann & Cho, 2017). Romans 13:9 for the
commandments, “you shall not commit adultery, you shall not
murder, you shall not steal, you shall not covet,” and any other
commandment, are summed up in this word: “you shall love

6. your neighbor as yourself”.
Matison Hess, K., Hess Orthmann, C., & Lim Cho, S. (2017).
Criminal Investigation
(11th ed.). Boston: Cengage Learning.