Created for the purposes of the Erasmus+ project Per Aspera Ad Inferi - Unveiling the Roots of Drug Addiction among Youth, financed by the European Union through Dům zahraniční spolupráce. The project took place in Písečná-Jablunkov, in Moravian-Silesian region of the Czech Republic.
CHAPTER FIVE Italian Organized Crime and the Albaniansimisterchristen
CHAPTER FIVE
Italian Organized Crime
and the Albanian Connection
Abadinsky, Organized Crime 10th ed.
In this chapter we begin our examination of organized
crime on the global scene, sometimes referred to as
transnational organized crime. Our focus will be on
criminal organizations that have affected, or have the
potential to affect, the United States. We will begin our
examination with four of these criminal organizations—
Mafia, Camorra, ’Ndrangheta, and the Sacra Corona
Unita (with its Albanian connection)—which have their
roots in southern Italy, the Mezzogiorno.
2
THE MEZZOGIORNO
The southern Italian experience dates back more than
1000 years. It led to development of a culture that
stresses the variables necessary for survival in a
hostile environment.
To be respected meant to be entitled to the deference
of others that came from the ability to use violence.
Omertá: the southern Italian ideal of manliness--
non-cooperation with authorities, self-control in the
face of adversity, and the vendetta.
3
THE MEZZOGIORNO (CONT.)
The vendetta--"blood washes blood"--dictated that any
offense or slight to the famiglia (family) had to be avenged.
The only basis of loyalty was famiglia--"blood of my
blood" (sangu de me sangu).
Neither government nor church was to be trusted.
The famiglia included all one's blood relatives,
including distant cousins, traced through paternity.
The famiglia was organized hierarchically under the
patriarch, the capo de famiglia.
4
THE MEZZOGIORNO (CONT.)
The Mezzogiorno remained mired in feudalism and
dependent on agriculture; a legacy of political, social,
and economic repression; and exploitation.
Government spending on building projects became a
vehicle for Mafia infiltration. By corruption and
intimidation, Mafia-controlled firms took a share of
public contracts.
3 types of criminal organization emerged: the
Neapolitan Camorra, Calabrian 'Ndrangheta, and The
Mafia (Cosa Nostra).
5
THE SICILIAN MAFIA
Sicily is an island in the Mediterranean.
In the 19th century, successive regimes of Mafia clans
maintained a uniquely Sicilian form of order--brutal, at
times protecting the landed elite, at other times protecting
outlaws.
The government in Rome imposed a tax policy that took
money out of Sicilian agriculture to invest in the north.
Landowners escaped high taxes. "Strong men"
administered their lands and acted as patrons to the
peasants on the lands, and were assumed to be mafiosi.
6
MAFIA
"mafia" has Sicilian-Arabic roots.
"mafia" as a state of mind has a meaning shared by all
Sicilians: aid each other, side with friends, fight common
enemies, defend, avenge, keep secrets, beware of
authorities.
"Mafia" could not flourish without "mafia," which
represents a general attitude toward the state.
A mafioso did not invoke state or law in his private
quarrels, but made himself r ...
Freedom fron Fear October 2008 First Issue. Magazine published by UNICRI and MPIDaniel Dufourt
Freedom fron Fear October 2008 First Issue.
Magazine published by United Nations
Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute
and MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE
for Foreign and International Criminal Law
CHAPTER FIVE Italian Organized Crime and the Albaniansimisterchristen
CHAPTER FIVE
Italian Organized Crime
and the Albanian Connection
Abadinsky, Organized Crime 10th ed.
In this chapter we begin our examination of organized
crime on the global scene, sometimes referred to as
transnational organized crime. Our focus will be on
criminal organizations that have affected, or have the
potential to affect, the United States. We will begin our
examination with four of these criminal organizations—
Mafia, Camorra, ’Ndrangheta, and the Sacra Corona
Unita (with its Albanian connection)—which have their
roots in southern Italy, the Mezzogiorno.
2
THE MEZZOGIORNO
The southern Italian experience dates back more than
1000 years. It led to development of a culture that
stresses the variables necessary for survival in a
hostile environment.
To be respected meant to be entitled to the deference
of others that came from the ability to use violence.
Omertá: the southern Italian ideal of manliness--
non-cooperation with authorities, self-control in the
face of adversity, and the vendetta.
3
THE MEZZOGIORNO (CONT.)
The vendetta--"blood washes blood"--dictated that any
offense or slight to the famiglia (family) had to be avenged.
The only basis of loyalty was famiglia--"blood of my
blood" (sangu de me sangu).
Neither government nor church was to be trusted.
The famiglia included all one's blood relatives,
including distant cousins, traced through paternity.
The famiglia was organized hierarchically under the
patriarch, the capo de famiglia.
4
THE MEZZOGIORNO (CONT.)
The Mezzogiorno remained mired in feudalism and
dependent on agriculture; a legacy of political, social,
and economic repression; and exploitation.
Government spending on building projects became a
vehicle for Mafia infiltration. By corruption and
intimidation, Mafia-controlled firms took a share of
public contracts.
3 types of criminal organization emerged: the
Neapolitan Camorra, Calabrian 'Ndrangheta, and The
Mafia (Cosa Nostra).
5
THE SICILIAN MAFIA
Sicily is an island in the Mediterranean.
In the 19th century, successive regimes of Mafia clans
maintained a uniquely Sicilian form of order--brutal, at
times protecting the landed elite, at other times protecting
outlaws.
The government in Rome imposed a tax policy that took
money out of Sicilian agriculture to invest in the north.
Landowners escaped high taxes. "Strong men"
administered their lands and acted as patrons to the
peasants on the lands, and were assumed to be mafiosi.
6
MAFIA
"mafia" has Sicilian-Arabic roots.
"mafia" as a state of mind has a meaning shared by all
Sicilians: aid each other, side with friends, fight common
enemies, defend, avenge, keep secrets, beware of
authorities.
"Mafia" could not flourish without "mafia," which
represents a general attitude toward the state.
A mafioso did not invoke state or law in his private
quarrels, but made himself r ...
Freedom fron Fear October 2008 First Issue. Magazine published by UNICRI and MPIDaniel Dufourt
Freedom fron Fear October 2008 First Issue.
Magazine published by United Nations
Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute
and MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE
for Foreign and International Criminal Law
Here is another quick powerpoint support for my presentation for university, on the Sicilian Mafia "Cosa Nostra", on how it works, how it is linked to politics, etc...
Created for the purposes of the Erasmus+ project Per Aspera Ad Inferi - Unveiling the Roots of Drug Addiction among Youth, financed by the European Union through Dům zahraniční spolupráce. The project took place in Písečná-Jablunkov, in Moravian-Silesian region of the Czech Republic.
Created for the purposes of the Erasmus+ project Per Aspera Ad Inferi - Unveiling the Roots of Drug Addiction among Youth, financed by the European Union through Dům zahraniční spolupráce. The project took place in Písečná-Jablunkov, in Moravian-Silesian region of the Czech Republic.
Cases Of Overdose Among Young People In LithuaniaPavel26766
Created for the purposes of the Erasmus+ project Per Aspera Ad Inferi - Unveiling the Roots of Drug Addiction among Youth, financed by the European Union through Dům zahraniční spolupráce. The project took place in Písečná-Jablunkov, in Moravian-Silesian region of the Czech Republic.
Illegal Narcotics Black Sea Trade in RomaniaPavel26766
Created for the purposes of the Erasmus+ project Per Aspera Ad Inferi - Unveiling the Roots of Drug Addiction among Youth, financed by the European Union through Dům zahraniční spolupráce. The project took place in Písečná-Jablunkov, in Moravian-Silesian region of the Czech Republic.
Created for the purposes of the Erasmus+ project Per Aspera Ad Inferi - Unveiling the Roots of Drug Addiction among Youth, financed by the European Union through Dům zahraniční spolupráce. The project took place in Písečná-Jablunkov, in Moravian-Silesian region of the Czech Republic.
Here is another quick powerpoint support for my presentation for university, on the Sicilian Mafia "Cosa Nostra", on how it works, how it is linked to politics, etc...
Similar to Camorra, 'Ndrangheta and Illegal Drug trade in Italy (8)
Created for the purposes of the Erasmus+ project Per Aspera Ad Inferi - Unveiling the Roots of Drug Addiction among Youth, financed by the European Union through Dům zahraniční spolupráce. The project took place in Písečná-Jablunkov, in Moravian-Silesian region of the Czech Republic.
Created for the purposes of the Erasmus+ project Per Aspera Ad Inferi - Unveiling the Roots of Drug Addiction among Youth, financed by the European Union through Dům zahraniční spolupráce. The project took place in Písečná-Jablunkov, in Moravian-Silesian region of the Czech Republic.
Cases Of Overdose Among Young People In LithuaniaPavel26766
Created for the purposes of the Erasmus+ project Per Aspera Ad Inferi - Unveiling the Roots of Drug Addiction among Youth, financed by the European Union through Dům zahraniční spolupráce. The project took place in Písečná-Jablunkov, in Moravian-Silesian region of the Czech Republic.
Illegal Narcotics Black Sea Trade in RomaniaPavel26766
Created for the purposes of the Erasmus+ project Per Aspera Ad Inferi - Unveiling the Roots of Drug Addiction among Youth, financed by the European Union through Dům zahraniční spolupráce. The project took place in Písečná-Jablunkov, in Moravian-Silesian region of the Czech Republic.
Created for the purposes of the Erasmus+ project Per Aspera Ad Inferi - Unveiling the Roots of Drug Addiction among Youth, financed by the European Union through Dům zahraniční spolupráce. The project took place in Písečná-Jablunkov, in Moravian-Silesian region of the Czech Republic.
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2. Organized Crime in Italy
The three main Italian mafia-style groups:
● The Cosa Nostra
● Camorra
● Ndrangheta
Operate worldwide but keep a very low
profile outside of Italy, making it difficult
for law enforcement agencies to detect
these organised crime groups. Sicily Calabria
3. Organized Crime in Italy
● Money laundering and large-
scale drug trafficking are the
criminal focus of these groups.
● However, they are also
involved in corruption,
currency and goods
counterfeiting, and the
trafficking of toxic waste.
4. Organized Crime in Italy
La Cosa Nostra
● Our Thing or Our Affair.
● The Sicilian Mafia formed in the 19th
century by clans which sprang out of
groups of bandits; these groups
gained local power and influence.
● The Sicilian Mafia has evolved into
an international organized crime
group.
5. Camorra: origins and features
- 'Camorra' is, broadly speaking, the mafia phenomenon, but developed in a
different region of Italy, called Campania (a southern Italy region)
- since the beginning of the 19th century
- particularly rooted in the city of Naples and
its surroundings
- relies on a very high degree of
integration with the poorer sections of
the population; has strong links with
political circles.
6. Camorra: development over time
- Unlike Cosa Nostra or 'ndrangheta, Camorra has never had a unitary structure -except
in its original phase- but a constellation of
clans that often came into conflict with each other in so-called 'feuds' (=fights)
- All attempts to create a unitary structure totally failed (ex. Cutolo's New Organised
Camorra, or Carmine Alfieri's New Mafia of Campania).
In spite of this, Camorra is the oldest Italian mafia organisation, and still active today
with around 113 operational families and over 6900 affiliates.
- Camorra organisations' business activities range from loan-sharking to cigarette
smuggling, drug trafficking and dealing, swindling, extortions, robberies, clandestine
meat imports, arms trafficking, clandestine betting and the concrete monopoly.
7. Connections with other organized mafia group in europe
● Within Europe, the two organizations are known to have significant control over the cocaine trade.
● The Camorra and 'Ndrangheta have had links with the Sicilian Mafia Cosa Nostra.
● For example, in the 1980s, the Camorra and the Sicilian Mafia were reportedly involved in a massive
heroin smuggling operation from Turkey to Italy.
● This mafia have also established connections with other criminal organizations in Europe, such as the
Albanian mafia, the Bulgarian mafia, and the Russian mafia. These connections have allowed them to
expand their criminal activities beyond Italy's borders, including drug trafficking and money laundering
● The Camorra is also involved in cocaine trafficking activities within Europe, particularly in Spain and
involved in the production and distribution of synthetic drugs, particularly ecstasy.
8. Connections with other organized crime mafia outside europe:
● Furthermore, both groups have been linked to various criminal activities in the United States,
particularly in New York City, where they have established strong connections with the
American Mafia, also known as the La Cosa Nostra.
● This mafia organization has a partnership with drug dealers in South America, particularly in
Colombia, and it is involved in every stage of the cocaine supply chain, from production to distribution.
● The involvement of the Camorra and 'Ndrangheta in drug trafficking in Africa has had a devastating
impact on the region, contributing to the rise of drug addiction, violence, and corruption
9. Photo by Pixabay
The 'ndrangheta: a global
criminal organisation
- The only mafia present in all five continents of
the world.
- It has a turnover of 53 billion euro globally,
according to a survey by Demoskopika.
- In Calabria there are 166 cosche with at least
4,000 affiliates, according to the Catanzaro Court
of Appeal.
- According to some estimates, the 'ndrangheta is
active in 30 countries with 400 cosche and
60,000 affiliates, most of whom are in Calabria.
10. Photo by Pixabay
Rocco Molè
- The 'Piromalli&Molè' mafia clan unites through
cross-marriages
- Rocco Molè (senior) was murdered in 2008
→The clan broke up
- Roccò Molè (junior), the nephew, had joined the
'Liberi di ricominciare' (Free to start again)
programme, which aims to snatch youngsters
from the mafia families they belong to.
- At only 26 years old, he becomes the new boss
- He was arrested in 2021
11. Law 180/1978 - Leggebasaglia
- introduced significant
change in the care of
people with mental
health issues
- closing ‘old school’
psychiatric hospitals,
putting the person at the
centre rather than the
problem, considering also
social aspects of mental
health issues
12. In conclusions…
Italy is a wonderful place that needs to be visited!
…. You don’t have be afraid to come in Italy
Manarola, 5 Terre
Editor's Notes
Organized crime in Italy and its criminal organizations have been prevalent in Italy, especially Southern Italy, for centuries and have affected the social and economic life of many Italian regions since at least the 19th century.
The Costa Nostra from Sicily
Ndrangheta from Calabria
Camorra from Campania
The power the Italian mafias have resides in their control and exploitation of territory and community. The concepts of family, power, respect and territory are fundamental to understanding the dynamics of the mafias. They are capable of manipulating elections and installing their people in administrative positions even in places far from the territories they control.
Money laundering and large-scale drug trafficking are the criminal focus of these groups. However, they are also involved in corruption, currency and goods counterfeiting, and the trafficking of toxic waste.
https://www.europol.europa.eu/crime-areas-and-statistics/crime-areas/mafia-structured-organised-crime-groups-ocg
The Sicilian Mafia has evolved into an international organized crime group.
It specializes in heroin trafficking, political corruption, and military arms trafficking and is the most powerful and most active Italian organized crime group in the United States, with estimates of more than 2,500 affiliates located there.
The Sicilian Mafia is also known to engage in arson, frauds, counterfeiting, and other racketeering crimes. It is estimated to have 3,500–4,000 core members with 100 clans, with around 50 in the city of Palermo alone.
In July, 2013, the Italian police conducted sweeping raids targeting top mafia crime bosses.
In Ostia (Rome), a coastal community near the capital, police arrested 51 suspects for alleged crimes connected with Italy's Sicilian Mafia.
Allegations included extortion, murder, international drug trafficking, and illegal control of the slot machine market.