Schulz discovered that silver nitrate could capture images when exposed to light, leading to the first photographs. Early photography methods like Niepce's camera obscura required long exposures, but Daguerre shortened this to 30 minutes and prevented images from fading. Advances like Talbot's calotype process allowed copies and the collodion process reduced exposure time to seconds, while Maddox enabled developing photos later. Major innovations followed including roll film, Polaroid's instant film, color film, camcorders, digital cameras and camera phones.