CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY: THE AFTERMATH VIEWS AND REACTIONS. It contains: reasons for harsher treaties, Wilson's dillemas.

1. 11. TREATY OF VERSAILLES
THE AFTERMATH
VIEWS AND REACTIONS

2. TREATY OF VERSAILLES
 The final document was signed on the 28th
June 1919
 Made up of 5 key sections (see handout):
- GermanWar guilt
-Territorial losses
-War reparations
- Military restrictions
- League of Nations formation

3. TREATY OF VERSAILLES
 At the signing, there was a façade of unity
within the Allied delegates
 There was a sense of foreboding amongst the
people, even before theTreaty was signed
 David Lloyd George expressed his doubts
about theTreaty in a document known as the
Fontainebleau Memorandum before it was
signed. Could see a harsh treaty fuelling
future resentment which could result in
another war

4. FONTAINEBLEAU MEMORANDUM
 Lloyd George: “what is difficult, however, is to
draw up a peace which will not provoke a fresh
struggle when those who have practical
experience of what war means have passed
away…”
 “history has proved that a peace…has proved
itself to be short-sighted and charged with
danger to the victor…”
 “you may strip Germany of her colonies, reduce
her armaments to a mere police force and her
navy to that of a fifth-rate power; all the same in
the end if she feels that she has been unjustly
treated in the peace of 1919, she will find means
of finding retribution from her conquerors”

5. FONTAINEBLEAU MEMORANDUM
 “the maintenance of peace will then depend
on there being no causes for exasperation
constantly stirring up the spirit of patriotism,
of justice and of fair play…”
 “to achieve redress our terms may need to be
severe, they may be stern or even ruthless, but
at the same time they can be so that the
country on which they are imposed will feel in
its heart that it has no right to complain. But
injustice, arrogance, displayed in the hour of
triumph, will never be forgotten or forgiven…”

7. REASONS FOR HARSHER TREATY
 The leaders’ aims were too different, none of
them got exactly what they wanted – hence
everyone felt some form of disappointment
 Clemenceau bullied Wilson and Lloyd George
into agreeing a harsherTreaty than they
wished to sign initially
 The public opinions in Britain and France
demanded vengeance, this affected their
respective leaders decisions

8. HARD COMPROMISE
 TheTreaty was not totally based on Wilson’s
‘Fourteen Points’ asWilson and the Germans
had hoped.
 However, equally it was not as severe as
certain Allied sections had demanded.
 At best it was a compromise, with no one
totally satisfied with the final result.

9. WOODROW WILSON’S DILLEMAS
 Wilson left Paris dissatisfied with the final
Treaty document
 Only worthwhile outcome for him was the
creation of the ‘League of Nations’
 After theTreaty was signed, the League
drafted 26 Articles, which became known as
the Covenant
 Wilson had to try and convince his
conservative Senate to accept the terms of
the League of Nations

10. CLEMENCEAU AND LLOYD GEORGE
 Clemenceau was worried that theTreaty was
not harsh enough. He was voted out in the
1920 French election as a result of the French
public disappointment with theTreaty.
 Lloyd George was well received by his public
but had reservations and worries about the
Treaty limiting future conflicts.

11. RECAP QUIZ
 1. Name for Germany’s war payments?
 2. Germany had no say in theTOV…called?
 3. Forbidden to ally with who? Name?
 4. Army restrictions. Name 3.
 5. Loss of what territories?
 6. Region given to France?
 7.War guild clause? Exact name?
 8. Germany was represented atTOV?True or false?
 9. Harshest Allied leader was who?What country?
 10.What year was theTreaty signed in?