The War Guilt Clause, also known as Article 231, was the part of the Treaty of Versailles that forced Germany to accept sole responsibility for causing World War I. This allowed the Allies to justify their heavy reparations demands on Germany. The Germans were not given a chance to veto this clause and were told the Allies would invade if they did not sign. More than any other provision, the War Guilt Clause reinforced the shame and anger felt in Germany, fueling opposition to the treaty and aiding the rise of Hitler.

1. WAR GUILT
CLAUSE
IGCSE HISTORY
REVISION

2. DEFINITION
War Guilt Clause is that part of the Treaty of Versailles forcing Germany
to accept responsibility for the First World War.

3. Question 1
By what other name is the War Guilt
clause known?

4. Answer 1
Article 231.

5. Question 2
Why is important for the Allies to
blame Germany for the war?

6. Answer 2
By making Germany accept total blame, the Allies were able to justify
their demands for reparations.

7. Question 3
Did the Germans have an opportunity to
veto the War Guilt clause?

8. Answer 3
No. They were told that if they did not sign the treaty, Germany would
be invaded and occupied by the Allies.

9. Question 4
Of all the provisions of the treaty, the War
Guilt clause?

10. Answer 4
Not only did it make Germany liable for reparations, but it also
reinforced the utter shame, anger and helplessness felt by the German
people.

11. Important
A good understanding of the impact of the clause is essential for
explaining German opposition to the treaty and Hitler’s rise to power.