The document discusses the treatment of various types of waste including sewage water, industrial waste, and agricultural waste. Sewage water undergoes primary, secondary, and tertiary treatments including screening, sedimentation, aeration, and disinfection. Industrial waste treatment focuses on removing solids, oils and greases, biodegradable organics using activated sludge or trickling filter processes, and other organics, acids, and alkalis. Agricultural waste treatment addresses non-point pollution from surface runoff and point sources from large livestock operations, using methods like constructed wetlands, anaerobic lagoons, and composting of animal slurries. Oil spill cleanup and recovery uses bioremediation, controlled burning

1. Pollution control and prevention: Sewage, agricultural/
aquaculture and Industrial waste and its treatment.
(Chapter-05)

2. Sewage water
 Water released from households after use for
various purposes, thus the name wastewater.
 sewage water consists of grey water and black
water.
 characterized by debris such as paper
wrappings, sanitary products, soap residues,
and dirt.
 sewage water has a foul smell.
 Affects aquatic life , biodiversity &
agriculture,
 A major contributor to eutrophication and an
increase in BOD.

4. 5. Sludge Treatment
The solid deposits of sludge
can be used for various uses.
2. Primary Treatment
• Water keeps in sedimentation
tank where particles are
further removed by gravity.
4. Tertiary Treatment
• Chemical compounds
remove through a series of
chemical reaction.
1. Pre-treatment
• Screening of large materials
• Water passes through the grit
chamber.
3. Secondary Treatment
• Oxygen is passed to the water
in aeration tank.
• Disinfection and filtration.
Treatment of Sewage water

5. Typical large-scale treatment plant

6. Industrial waste:
Produced as a by-product of industrial or commercial activities
Sources
Complex
organic
chemicals
industry Mines
and
quarries
Food
industry
Iron and
steel
industry
Electric &
Nuclear
power plants
Industrial
Oil
Contaminat
ion

7. Treatment of Industrial waste
1. Brine treatment
• Removing dissolved salt
ions from the waste.
2. Solids removal
• Solids removed by
sedimentation & filtration.
3. Oils and grease removal
Centrifuges, media filters and
hydro cyclones process.
4. Removal of biodegradable organics
• Activated sludge process
• Trickling filter process

8. Fig: Active sludge system Fig: Trickling filter system

9. Treatment of Industrial waste
1. Brine treatment
• Removing dissolved salt
ions from the waste.
2. Solids removal
• Solids removed by
sedimentation & filtration.
3. Oils and grease removal
Centrifuges, media filters and
hydro cyclones process.
4. Removal of biodegradable organics
• Activated sludge process
• Trickling filter process
5. Removal of other organics
• Synthetic solvents, paints,
pharmaceuticals,pesticide
6. Removal of acids and alkalis
• can be neutralized under
controlled conditions.

10. Agricultural waste and its treatment:
 Controlling pollution from surface runoff that may be contaminated by
chemicals in fertilizer, pesticides, animal slurry, crop residues or irrigation
water.
1. Non-point source pollution:
 Agricultural runoff is a major source of pollution.
Example: Sediment runoff from crop and forest lands. Excess fertilizers,
herbicides and insecticides from agricultural lands. Bacteria and nutrients
from livestock, pet wastes.
2. Point source pollution:
 single identifiable source of pollution from which pollutants are discharged
 Farms with large livestock and poultry operations
Example: Animal wastes(Antibiotics, pathogenic bacteria , Strong organic
content)

11.  Animal slurries treat in lagoons by spray or trickle application to
grassland.
 Constructed wetland used to treatment of animal wastes, as are
anaerobic lagoons.
 Slurries are treated by mixing with straws and composted at high
temperature .
 Compost are sterile and friable manure for soil improvement.
Agricultural waste and its treatment:

12. Oil Spill & Prevention:
release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially the
marine ecosystem, due to human activity
releases of crude oil from tankers, offshoreplatforms,drilling rigs and wells, as
well as spills of refined petroleum products (such as gasoline,diesel) and
their by-products, heavier fuels
Cleanup and recovery:
1. Bioremediation: use of microorganisms
2. Bioremediation Accelerator: Oleophilic, hydrophobic chemical
3. Controlled burning can effectively reduce
4. Dredging: for oils dispersed with detergents
5. Skimming: Requires calm waters
6. Solidifying: Dry ice pellets, and hydrophobic polymers both absorb.
7. Vacuum and centrifuge
8. Beach Raking