Ca cervix in short

1. Carcinoma Cervix
• MBBS Exam – 10 Slide Presentation
• Name: Likhith R Shekar

2. Introduction & Epidemiology
• • Malignancy of uterine cervix
• • Most common gynecological cancer in India
• • Peak age: 40–60 years

3. Etiology & Risk Factors
• • Persistent HPV infection (16, 18)
• • Early sexual activity
• • Multiple partners
• • Multiparity, smoking
• • Immunosuppression

4. Pathology
• • Squamous cell carcinoma – most common
• • Adenocarcinoma
• • Preinvasive phase: CIN I–III

5. Natural History
• • Normal epithelium → CIN → Invasive cancer
• • Long latent period
• • Allows effective screening

6. Clinical Features
• • Early: asymptomatic
• • Post-coital bleeding
• • Intermenstrual bleeding
• • Foul vaginal discharge
• • Pelvic pain (late)

7. Spread
• • Local: vagina, parametrium
• • Lymphatic: pelvic → para-aortic nodes
• • Hematogenous: lung, liver, bone

8. FIGO Staging (Table)
• • Stage I: Confined to cervix
• • Stage IA: Microinvasion
• • Stage IB: Clinically visible lesion
• • Stage II: Beyond cervix, not pelvic wall
• • Stage III: Pelvic wall / lower 1/3 vagina
• • Stage IV: Bladder, rectum or distant mets

9. Diagnosis
• • Pap smear – screening test
• • HPV DNA testing
• • Colposcopy with biopsy
• • Imaging (MRI/CT) for staging

10. Treatment & Prevention
• • Early stage: Surgery (Wertheim’s)
• • Locally advanced: Chemoradiation
• • Prevention: HPV vaccine, Pap smear