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1. BY LAWS:-
• HOSPITAL
• MUSEUM
• COURT
• BUS-TERMINAL
• CULTURAL CENTERS

2. WHAT IS BY LAWS?
1. By-Laws are a set of rules and regulations made by the local government or
development authority that control how buildings are planned, designed, and
constructed within a city or state.
2. They ensure that every building provides safety, health, comfort, and proper
city development.
OBJECTIVES:-
• To ensure structural safety and fire protection.
• To provide adequate light, ventilation, and sanitation.
• To maintain uniformity in building heights, setbacks, and open spaces.
• To prevent overcrowding and ensure proper zoning of land uses.
• To guide systematic urban growth and infrastructure planning.
EXAMPLES:-
•Plot size and land use (residential, commercial, etc.)
•Building height and Floor Area Ratio (FAR)
•Setbacks (open spaces around building)
•Parking requirements
•Fire safety, ventilation, and accessibility
•Service provisions (water, sewage, electricity)

3. References for Building By-Laws
NBC-2016:-
PARTS TO REFER:
•Part 3 – Development Control Rules and General Building Requirements
•Part 4 – Fire and Life Safety
•Part 5 – Building Materials
•Part 9 – Plumbing Services
TS-b PASS 2020
Covers:
Setbacks, FSI, height limits, parking, and open space norms
Rules for residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial buildings
URDPFI-Urban and Regional Development Plans Formulation and Implementation
Gives standards for:
• Land use zoning
• Urban infrastructure planning
• Density and layout design.
IS-CODES
•IS 456 – Plain and Reinforced Concrete
•IS 1893 – Earthquake Resistant Design
•IS 875 – Wind Loads
•IS 1642 – Fire Safety in Buildings

4. I.HOSPITAL :- (BYLAWS)
1. Land Use & Site
Must be located in public/semi-public or institutional zone as per Master
Plan.
Minimum plot size:
• Small hospital: 1000 m²
• Large/specialty hospital: 4000 m² or more.
2. Setbacks
Depends on height:
Up to 10 m 3 m setbacks on all sides.
→
10–15 m 4.5 m.
→
Above 15 m 6 m or more for fire vehicle movement.
→
3. Height & FAR (Floor Area Ratio)
FAR: 1.5 – 2.5 (varies by city zone and plot size).
Height as per permissible FSI and fire safety clearance.
4. Parking
1 car per 100 m² of built-up area (minimum).
Separate ambulance bay and drop-off zone at entry.

5. 5. Fire & Safety
•Fire clearance mandatory from Fire Department.
•Minimum 6 m open space around for fire tender access.
•Fire exits, staircases (min 2 m width), fire alarm & sprinkler system
compulsory.
6. Services
•Separate clean & dirty corridors.
•Lift: stretcher-sized lift (2.4 m × 1.5 m).
•Ventilation: 10% of floor area for natural light and air.
•Water tank: emergency storage (at least 50,000 L).
•Sewage: dedicated medical waste disposal & STP if >5000 m².
7.Accessibility
•Ramps: max slope 1:12, handrails both sides.
•Accessible toilets on every floor.
8. Example
•Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad: follows ~2.5 FAR, large setbacks
(6 m+), ambulance access loop, multiple exits, and rooftop services.

6. II.MUSEUM :- (BYLAWS)
1. Land Use & Site
•In public/semi-public or institutional
zone.
•Minimum site area: 2000–4000 m²
depending on size.
•Road width: 18 m or more for accessibility.
2. Setbacks
•Front: 9 m, sides/rear: 6 m.
•Landscaping encouraged in setbacks for
visitor comfort.
3. FAR & Height
•FAR: 1.5–2.0.
•Height: usually limited to G+3 (15–18 m).
4. Parking
•1 car per 100 m² or 1 car per 25
visitors.
•Bus parking bay for school trips.
5. Facilities
•Exhibition galleries, archive/store rooms,
curator’s office, rest areas, toilets, cafeteria,
souvenir shop.
•Controlled lighting, temperature &
humidity systems.
•Ramps & lifts for accessibility.
6. Fire & Safety
•Fire detection/alarm systems, sprinklers,
and 6 m clear space around.
•Fire-proof storage rooms for artifacts.
Example:
Salar Jung Museum, Hyderabad – blend
of modern and Mughal styles, clear zoning
for public/private areas, climate control, and
large landscaped forecourt.

7. III.COURT:- (BYLAWS)
1. Land Use & Site
•In institutional or government zone.
•Minimum site area: 2000–4000 m² for
district courts.
•Approach road: 18–24 m width.
2. Setbacks
•Front: 9 m, sides & rear: 6 m (for circulation
& security).
3. FAR & Height
•FAR: 1.5–2.0.
•Height limit: typically, G+3 (15–18 m).
4. Parking
•1 car per 100 m² of built-up area.
•Separate parking for judges, staff, and public.
5. Facilities & Services
•Court halls (60–90 m²), record rooms,
advocate chambers, waiting lobbies, toilets,
library.
•Barrier-free access (ramps, lifts).
•Security checks at entry.
6. Fire & Safety
•Fire alarm, exit signage, 6 m clear open space.
Example:
Telangana High Court, Hyderabad –
colonial Indo-Saracenic style, large setbacks,
separate circulation for judges/public, multiple
entry points.

8. 1. Land Use & Site
•Permitted in transportation or public/semi-public zone.
•Minimum site area: 4000–6000 m² for district-level terminal.
•Located along main road with minimum 24 m wide approach road.
2. Setbacks
•Front setback: 9 m (for vehicle circulation and entry).
•Sides & rear: 6 m minimum for movement and services.
3. FAR & Height
•FAR: 1.5–2.0 depending on plot size.
•Height limit: 18 m unless special clearance is obtained.
4. Parking & Circulation
•Separate zones for bus bays, parking, passenger pickup/drop, and
service vehicles.
•1 car per 100 m² of terminal building.
•Minimum 9 m wide driveway for two-way bus movement.
IV.BUS-TERMINAL :- (BYLAWS)

9. 5. Facilities
•Passenger waiting hall, ticket counters, toilets, cafeteria, rest
rooms, and control office.
•Ramps or lifts for accessibility.
6. Fire & Safety
•6 m open space around structure for fire tender access.
•Fire hydrants, extinguishers, and emergency exits.
Example:
MGBS Hyderabad – Asia’s second largest bus terminal;
large setbacks, multi-level bus bays, clear pedestrian
circulation, and strong fire-safety provisions.

10. V.CULTURAL CENTERS :- (BYLAWS)
1. Land Use & Site
•In public/semi-public or institutional
zone.
•Minimum plot area: 2000 m² (small
centre) to 5000 m² (auditorium).
•Road width: minimum 18 m.
2. Setbacks
•Front: 9 m, sides/rear: 6 m.
•Extra space for crowd control & fire tender
access.
3. FAR & Height
•FAR: 1.5–2.0.
•Height: as per structure (auditorium up to
20 m).
4. Parking
•1 car per 10 seats or 1 car per 100 m²
area.
•Separate entry/exit for visitors and service
5. Facilities
•Auditorium (9–12 m clear height), green
room, rehearsal area, foyer, ticketing, café.
•Proper acoustics & ventilation per NBC
standards.
•Ramps, accessible seating for differently-
abled.
6. Fire & Safety
•Emergency exits every 30 m, exit signage,
sprinklers, and extinguishers.
Example:
Shilpa KalaVedika, Hyderabad – cultural
convention hall with large open setbacks,
double-height lobby, and modern fire-safety
systems.

11. 🏁 Conclusion:-
Building By-Laws are essential tools that ensure every structure is safe, functional,
and well-planned.
They guide architects, engineers, and planners to design buildings that provide
comfort, safety, and sustainability for users while maintaining the orderly growth of
cities.
In Telangana, by-laws under the TS-bPASS Act and National Building Code (NBC)
define key aspects such as setbacks, height limits, FAR, parking, fire safety, and
accessibility for all types of buildings — from hospitals to museums.
By following these regulations, architects help create efficient, safe, and
environmentally responsible buildings that support the vision of sustainable urban
development.