By 2009, AirAsia had established itself as Asia's most successful low-cost airline, expanding from 2 aircraft and 200,000 passengers in 2002 to 79 aircraft and 11.8 million passengers. It had adapted the low-cost carrier model to Southeast Asia while preserving key operational features. In 2007, AirAsia embarked on long-haul flights, departing from the typical low-cost carrier model of only short flights, in an attempt to become a global airline. The case examines AirAsia's strategy, culture, and operations that enabled its growth into one of the world's most profitable airlines.
Singapore Airline v/s Emirates in Aviation Industry MuskanJindal17
Comparison of Airline services between Singapore Airline and Emirates.
*For any help in presentation, please contact by mailing on jindalmuskan341@gmail.com.*
SWOT Analysis & Marketing Mix Of Emirates AirlineZaheer Tariq
SWOT Analysis & Marketing Mix Of Emirates Airline..
Presented & Created By Zaheer UD Din Baber ..
Student of B(H) In Computer Sciences At University Of Management & Technology Lahore..Pakistan
Singapore Airline v/s Emirates in Aviation Industry MuskanJindal17
Comparison of Airline services between Singapore Airline and Emirates.
*For any help in presentation, please contact by mailing on jindalmuskan341@gmail.com.*
SWOT Analysis & Marketing Mix Of Emirates AirlineZaheer Tariq
SWOT Analysis & Marketing Mix Of Emirates Airline..
Presented & Created By Zaheer UD Din Baber ..
Student of B(H) In Computer Sciences At University Of Management & Technology Lahore..Pakistan
The purpose of this report is to highlight the strategic challenges and issues of the Emirates Airline. Along with that the report will provide sustainable recommendations for the future.
Emirates Airline is the global airline that serves around 155 destinations across the world. Its main hub is Dubai, UAE. Emirates airline operates the largest fleets of Boeing 777 and A380 Aircrafts. With two aircrafts in 1985, Emirates airline owns 265 aircrafts and serves 80 countries globally. Each week 1500 flights are operated across the Globe (Emirates , 2017).
Emirates regional involvement is in Middle East and Africa, Western Europe, Asia Pacific, Eastern Europe and North America.
Malaysia Airlines Strategic Management - case study now MAB analyses the beginning of the airline, its history (golden days) and how economic crisis affected the company. The pack also uncovers macro and micro environment of airline industry. The pack also identifies MAS (now MAB), Porter's framework, SWOT analysis for the company and the new beginning of the MAB. The pack detailed out the strategic management for the company and their moving forward plan.
The purpose of this report is to highlight the strategic challenges and issues of the Emirates Airline. Along with that the report will provide sustainable recommendations for the future.
Emirates Airline is the global airline that serves around 155 destinations across the world. Its main hub is Dubai, UAE. Emirates airline operates the largest fleets of Boeing 777 and A380 Aircrafts. With two aircrafts in 1985, Emirates airline owns 265 aircrafts and serves 80 countries globally. Each week 1500 flights are operated across the Globe (Emirates , 2017).
Emirates regional involvement is in Middle East and Africa, Western Europe, Asia Pacific, Eastern Europe and North America.
Malaysia Airlines Strategic Management - case study now MAB analyses the beginning of the airline, its history (golden days) and how economic crisis affected the company. The pack also uncovers macro and micro environment of airline industry. The pack also identifies MAS (now MAB), Porter's framework, SWOT analysis for the company and the new beginning of the MAB. The pack detailed out the strategic management for the company and their moving forward plan.
A low-cost carrier or low-cost airline (occasionally referred to as no-frills, budget or discount carrier) is an airline without most of the traditional services provided in the fare, resulting in lower fares and fewer comforts.
A low-cost carrier or low-cost airline is an airline that generally has lower fares and fewer comforts.
To make up for revenue lost in decreased ticket prices, the airline may charge for extras like food, priority boarding, seat allocating, and baggage etc.
The term originated within the airline industry referring to airlines with a lower operating cost structure than their competitors.
PaperSelect one of the quality topics in healthcare from th.docxhoney690131
Paper:
Select one of the quality topics in healthcare from the list below. Prepare a summary document using the table format below (be sure your assignment is submitted in a table). The table should be single spaced and no more than 3-4 pages in length (11 to 12 point font). Except in the case of titles, use complete sentences, i.e., write using narrative format. Include a cover page and a list of references (this is separate from the summary pages).
Select from the following quality topics. NOTE: If there is another related topic that you would like to write on, please get approval from Prof. Powell.
1. Medical Errors
2. Quality and Disparities
3. Patient Safety
4. Quality/Core Measures
5. Value-based Purchasing
6. Pay for Performance (P4P)
7. COVID-19's Impact on Quality
HGMT420 Quality Topic Research Summary
Student Name
Type your name here.
Quality Topic
Provide the name of the quality topic chosen.
Quality Topic Description
Provide a detailed description and origins of the quality topic chosen. Indicate in detail who is affected (and how) by this topic (healthcare providers, patients, healthcare organizations, etc.).
Legislation
Research legislation and/or policies related to the quality topic chosen. Provide a detailed description of the policies/legislation. Describe the scope of the legislation and how it impacts the organization, providers, and patients.
Regulatory
Research Regulatory Agencies that implement policies and enforce legislation related to the quality topic chosen. Discuss in detail at least three (3).
Conclusion
Indicate any upcoming changes, regulations, etc. that will impact the quality topic chosen. What does the future hold for this issue? How should healthcare leaders manage this issue in their organizations?
The grading rubric for this assignment appears below, if you opened the Assignment in the Assignment Folder, or can be opened by clicking on the 'Written Assignment Rubric' tab in the lower right corner of the screen, if you opened the Assignment in Content.
.
Part 1 - Microsoft AccessView GlossaryUse Access to create a.docxhoney690131
Part 1 - Microsoft Access
View Glossary
Use Access to create a database in which you can store and retrieve information about the Rio Salado Theme Park operating departments, their managers, and their employees.
Create a
new blank database
.
Save the database with the filename
RSC_Theme_Park_Database_MEID.accdb
. Replace “MEID” with your actual MEID.
Structure of the Database
NOTE:
Read the requirements for the database and be sure you understand how it should work before creating your design.
You will need to complete the following:
Create two tables.
Establish table relationships.
Create one form.
Create two queries.
Create one report.
As you work on the project, remember to follow best practices for creating databases as described in your TestOut materials and the online lesson content.
Create the Tables
Tables and their relationships form the backbone of a relational database. In this database, you will create a table for the Rio Salado Theme Park operating departments and their managers, and a table for employees in each department. When creating fields for your tables, it is important to break down your data into the smallest chunks you can (fine granularity) to make it easier to extract data from the database later. Remember to assign the most appropriate data type to each of the fields and that one of the fields in each of your tables must be set as the
Primary Key
using the
AutoNumber
data type. You do not need to enter data records into your tables at this time; you will create a form later in this project for data entry.
Department Table
Create a
table
named
Department Table
. At a minimum, your table should include the following fields:
Department ID
Department Name
Manager First Name
Manager Last Name
Manager Email Address
Manager Phone Number
Employee Table
Create a
table
named
Employee Table
. At a minimum, your table should include the following fields:
Employee ID
Department ID
Employee First Name
Employee Last Name
Employee Date of Hire
Employee Rate of Pay
Establish Table Relationships
Once the design of the tables has been completed, the next step is to
establish relationships
between the tables. You will join the Department Table with the Employee Table on common fields through the following tasks:
Join the
primary key
of the Department Table with the
foreign key
of the Employee Table in a
One-To-Many
relationship.
Enforce referential integrity.
Cascade update related fields.
Cascade delete related records.
Create a Form
Once the tables have been designed and the relationships have been established, it is time to enter data. You will use
one form
to enter and edit data in the two tables:
Create
one form
named
Department Form
that can be used to enter data into both tables.
Insert a row
below the Employee Table subform. Add a
button
in the new row to perform the
Add New Record
action with the text:
Add Record
.
Use the form to enter
a m.
Part 1 - Microsoft Access 2019Use Access to create a database to.docxhoney690131
Part 1 - Microsoft Access 2019
Use Access to create a database to store and retrieve Manufacturer Contact and Inventory information for Rio Salado Boat and Marine dealership.
Create a
new blank Access database
.
Save the file as
BoatDatabase_MEID.accdb
. Be sure to replace “MEID” in the filename with your actual MEID.
Structure of the Database
Read the requirements for the database below and understand how the database should work before you create the design. Remember to follow the best practices presented in TestOut and the online lesson content for creating professional Access databases.
Create the Tables
You will create new tables that contain information about the Rio Salado Boat and Marine Dealership’s manufacturers and inventory. When creating fields for your tables, it is important to break down your data into the smallest chunks you can (
fine data granularity
) to make it easier to extract data from the database later. You will also need to join the tables on common fields later in the project. For this project, assume a manufacturer can supply the boat dealership with multiple types of boats for the dealership’s inventory.
NOTE:
Remember to assign the most appropriate data type to each of the fields and that one of the fields in each of your tables must be set as the
Primary Key
. You do not need to enter data records into your tables at this time; you will create a form later in this project for data entry.
Manufacturer Contact Table
Create a new
table
named
Manufacturer Contact Table
. At a minimum, your table should include the following fields:
Manufacturer ID
Manufacturer (e.g., Bayliner)
Manufacturer Address
Sales Representative Name
Phone Number
Email Address
Inventory Table
Create a new
table
named
Inventory Table
. At a minimum, your table should include the following fields:
Inventory ID
Manufacturer ID
Boat Type (e.g., Sailboat)
Model Number
Dealer Cost
MSRP (i.e., Manufacturer Suggested Retail Price)
Quantity in Inventory
Establish Table Relationships
Once the design of the tables has been completed, the next step is to
establish relationships
between the tables:
Join the Manufacturer Contact Table with the Inventory Table on common fields.
Enforce referential integrity.
Create a Form
Once the tables have been designed and the relationships have been established, it is time to enter data. Remember that
each field of each record will need to include data
. You will use
one form
to enter and edit data in the two tables.
Create
one form
named
Manufacturer Form
that can be used to enter data into
both
tables.
Use the form to enter a
minimum of four manufacturers
. Include
your name
in one of the records as a Sales Representative for one of the manufacturers.
Use the form to enter
at least two different boat types
for
each
manufacturer.
Create the Queries
The ability to extract data from one or more tables is one of the most important functions provi.
ParkinsonsPathophysiology, progression of disease, complication.docxhoney690131
Parkinsons:
Pathophysiology, progression of disease, complications, treatment options.
Detached Retina:
Pathophysiology, symptoms of macular degeneration, treatments and prognosis
CVA:
Left sided CVA, pathophysiology, stages of developing Atheroma, predisposing factor and treatments.
1000 words
APA style
.
Parenting Practices among DepressedMothers in the Child Welf.docxhoney690131
Parenting Practices among Depressed
Mothers in the Child Welfare System
Patricia L. Kohl, Jacqueline Njeri Kagotho, and David Dixon
The purpose of this study was to analyze a nationally representative sample of families referred
to Child Protective Services (CPS) agencies, the National Survey of Child and Adolescent
Weil-Being, to examine the association between maternal depression and parenting practices
over a 36-month follow-up period.Three hypotheses were tested: (1) Depressed mothers are'
more likely to demonstrate harsh parenting than are nondepressed mothers; (2) depressed
mothers are more likely to demonstrate neglectful parenting than are nondepressed mothers;
and (3) depressed mothers are more likely to demonstrate emotional maltreatment than are
nondepressed mothers. The interaction between depression and time was also analyzed for
each parenting practice to determine how changes in maternal depression affected changes in
parenting. The sample for this study was 1,536 mother-child dyads in which the child was age
three to 10 years and remained in the home after a CPS investigation. Depression remained
high across time points and was associated with increased risk of emotional maltreatment and
neglect over a 36-inonth period. In addition, self-reported emotional maltreatment remained
high across time points. Implications of this work are the needs for better identification of
mental health needs for mothers entering the child welfare system and parent training to
specifically address positive parenting.
KEY WORDS: child welfare; maternal depression; National Survey
of Child and Adolescent Well-Being; parenting
M
aternal depression, a critical public
health concern, is prevalent among
mothers referred to Child Protective
Services (CPS) agencies. In fact, nearly a quarter of
adults entering the child welfare system meet the
diagnostic criteria for a major depressive episode
in the preceding 12 months (U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services, Administration on
Children.Youth and Families [HHS, ACYF], 2005),
compared with only 7% of adults in the general
population (Kessler, Chiu, Demier, & Walters, 2005).
Furthermore, w ômen have an increased likelihood
of experiencing depression compared with men
(Kessler et al., 2003), and women exposed to a
high number of chronic Stressors—as many women
referred to CPS agencies are—are three times more
likely than women with less exposure to Stressors to
experience maternal depression (Orr,James, Burns,
& Thompson, 1989). Given that women comprise
the vast majority of primary caregivers among the
child welfare population (HHS, ACYF, 2005), it is
important to understand how maternal depression
affects outcomes after a CPS referral.
The high rate of maternal depression in the child
welfare system is a concern given its influence on
parenting practices. Symptoms of depression may
impede a woman's capacity to provide care for her
children, placing her at risk to engage in neglectful
parentin.
Paragraph Structure with Use of Text(P) Topic Sentence-(I).docxhoney690131
Paragraph Structure with Use of Text
(P) Topic Sentence-
(I) Follow-Up Development-
(E) Engage the text-
1. Attribution Tag (optional)
2. Paraphrase/Quote ENGAGE TEXT IN MIDDLE 1/3
3. Address or analyze quote
(S) Connect Back to Main Point/Further Insight-
Rules for Paraphrase/Quoting – English 101
· Functions as support
· Centrally located – middle 1/3 of paragraph
· Short quotations only – 4 lines of text or less
· Citation and possible attribution required
· MLA Format
Example Approach to a paragraph with a quote/paraphrase:
1. Identify a passage that includes a key idea from the text to quote/paraphrase:
Robert Hartmann McNamara authored a report on “Homelessness”, which presented that drug use amongst the homeless is prevalent. Research from the 80’s routinely presented a clear connection between homelessness and addiction (1027).
2. Create a topic sentence that connects to or sets up the text support:
A key issue challenging the homeless community, and those working to help the homeless out of their situation, is the rate of addiction to drugs and alcohol.
3. Follow up and develop the idea with your analysis breaking down the point.
4. Notice the set up of the text by attributing the author (sometimes title) of the source.
Robert Hartmann McNamara authored a report on “Homelessness”, which presented that
5. Add in text citation after the source use – (1027).
6. Close out paragraph by addressing the source use and returning back to your main idea for further analysis.
Put it all Together w/ Source Support Highlighted:
(P) A key issue challenging the homeless community, and those working to help the homeless out of their situation, is the high rate of addiction to drugs and alcohol. (I) Substance abuse can cripple one’s ability to maintain a common standard of living. Those suffering in the throes of addiction will struggle to hold a job and often lose connection to the support of their loved ones. This disconnect from a steady income, family, and friends, plus the cost of their addiction, may lead to a life on the streets. Once there, the addiction can further manifest and take hold continuing a dangerous spiral. (E) Robert Hartmann McNamara authored a report on “Homelessness”, which presented that drug use amongst the homeless is prevalent. Research from the 80’s routinely presented a clear connection between homelessness and addiction (1027). This connection can be powerful and extremely challenging to break. (S) Even if addiction did not cause the homeless state, living without shelter, physical and emotional, creates an opportunity for substances to replace security and love. When trying to rise out of a homelessness, the need to kick the addiction becomes paramount to become self-reliant again. The clear relationship between homelessness and substance abuse creates a challenging set of circumstances for both the individual and those attempting to intervene and help.
Remember the “Rule of Thirds”
To.
Paper should explain the difficulties on the Use of government trave.docxhoney690131
Paper should explain the difficulties on the Use of government travel card.
it should have and : introduction a) attention b) motivation c) overview with main points
II body
mainpoint 1 the problem
main point 2 discussion
main point 3 recommendation
iii conclusion
a ) summary review main points
b) remotivation
with references. 3 pages
.
paper should be between 750 – 1500 words. APA formatting is required.docxhoney690131
paper should be between 750 – 1500 words. APA formatting is required
find two advertisements from any source (newspaper, magazine, tv, etc). One will be an example of the ways that the advertisement perpetuates ideas about race and/or ethnicity in a negative, prejudicial, or stereotypical way. The other should be an advertisement that challenges those prejudicial and stereotypical ways. Compare and contrast the advertisements. What ages, genders, races, etc are present in each advertisement (think back to the discussion of social statuses from chapter 5). What message do those statuses send? What key message is being sent by each advertisement? Summarize a thesis statement of 1-2 sentences that wraps up succinctly one message that can be gleaned from each of the advertisements about race and ethnicity. This will be presented as part of your main body, and the discussion should include discussion of many of these topics: socialization, race and ethnicity, prejudice, discrimination, us/them, and norms and/or values. You will need to bring in the social construction of reality, as well.
Then, find two more advertisements. One should include white models, and one should include individuals of color as the models. Challenge yourself to pick them at random without trying to find the “perfect” example, as we want to see what the average ad does. Explain how this example from the media adds to the social construction of our perceptions of race and ethnicity. Be sure to provide ample evidence of how this process occurs, and the role that the social institution of the media plays in the construction of race and ethnicity. Your discussion should include a clear explanation of what the social construction of our perceptions of race and ethnicity is, and how cultural transmission occurs through the media. This will be presented as part of your main body.
For your concluding paragraph, you will bring together a solid conclusion about race and ethnicity, giving a nice sociological analysis.
.
Paper Requirements 4 pages (including title page, 2 pages .docxhoney690131
Paper Requirements
4 pages (including title page, 2 pages of content, and reference page)
1 Inch Margins
Running Header
12 pt font
double spacing
References from the text
Use of outside references
Some questions to consider to help you draft your response
What are the main lessons that have resonated with me?
Why did these lessons resonate with me?
What concepts were easy to learn and why?
What concepts were more challenging to understand and why?
How could I use this in now and in the future?
What lessons do I have direct experience with and why?
Please ask any questions in this week's discussion.
.
Paper RequirementsRequired topic headings for your paper shou.docxhoney690131
Paper Requirements:
Required topic headings for your paper should include the background surrounding the issue, a historical perspective, current issues that are applicable, legislation dealing with this topic, examples, global dynamics/impact (such as issues, processes, trends, and systems),personal impact from a global perspective, and a summary. These are the topics to be discussed in the term paper
Each paper should contain a reference list of at least five (5) different substantial and quality references. The references and reference citations for the term paper must be to a current event less than 3 years old (a reference with no date (n.d.) is not acceptable). This requires a reference citation in the text of the paper and a reference at the end of the paper to which the reference citation applies. You must include some information obtained from the reference in your answer. The references must be found on the internet and you must include a URL in your reference so that the reference can be verified.
You cannot use information from the text book or any book/article by the author of the text book as a current event. Make sure that your reference has a date of publication.
The body of the paper should be a minimum of six typed double spaced pages. Your cover page and reference page cannot be counted in this number. You should use the APA format for your reference citations and the reference page.
Grading Rubric for Term Paper
Grading criterion Unit Points Total Points
Uploaded to correct Dropbox 4 4
Submitted on time 15 15
Document Filename:
Your Last Name,first and middle initial with correct quiz number 4 4
Documentation that you placed the term paper in your ePortfolio in Mane Sync 10
Minimum of 6 typed, double-spaced pages 5 15
(excluding cover and reference pages - use APA style)
Rationally expressed opinions, experiences (personal or observed), 8
arguments and premises (where appropriate) to support responses
(did not simply restate/summarize author/textbook/article)
Clearly presented classical ethics theories relative to topic 5
Included ‘URL’ for appropriate verifiable current event 10 23
(i.e., example of topic being discussed WITH EXPLANATION)
NOTE: Must be less than 4 years old
Grammatically correct and appropriate tone 7
(professional, non-offensive language)
Typographically correct 7 14
Included a minimum of five (5) 7
different substantial and quality references
full citations as needed 3
Used correct APA format 5 15
Used required and appropriate headings 10 10
Maximum grade 100 100
PUB 407 ML
Productivity Improvement in the Public Sector
Class 1
Chapter 1
· What is a government’s role and purpose?
· To provide services to their citizens.
· Name some types of governments
· Federal
· State
· County
· City
· Special Districts
· Name some services:
· Police
· Fire
· Military
· Water
· Sewer
· Electric
· Emergency
· What else?
· The public’s, often negative, perception of government is sha.
Paper must be double spaced, with 12 point font and include section .docxhoney690131
Paper must be double spaced, with 12 point font and include section headers for each of the paper sections noted below (Three Representational Roles and Role You Choose, Influence of Legislative Leaders, Rank and Explain Influences of Institutional Factors, and Explain Your Vote)
Objective: The objective for this assignment is for students to understand and critically analyze the multiple pressures on policy makers in Texas as they most listen to their leaders, the governor, the voters (social responsibility) and their own conscience (personal responsibility) in deciding how to cast their vote on a controversial issue.
Assignment: You have recently been elected as a Republican to the Texas Senate from a competitive district (even number of Democrats, Republicans and Independents) just outside of Dallas. One of the first bills that you must vote on is House Bill 3- a Bill to forbid the creation of sanctuary cities (protecting undocumented immigrants from deportation). Your constituents support the bill as does the Governor your party, but you oppose it on grounds that most undocumented Texans are hardworking people who want to become legal citizens. The Speaker of the House opposes the bill as well.
In explaining how you will vote on the bill, be sure to explain the following:
What Representational Role you will adopt (trustee, delegate or politico). (Unit 4 Written Lectures, Slide 4-25). Be sure to discuss all three representational roles.
How will the Speaker of the House, the Lt. Governor and Governor of Texas influence the fate of the bill? (Unit 4 Written Lectures, Slides 4-9, 4-10, 4-18 & 4-22 )
How do you think constituents might try to influence your vote? (Unit 4 Written Lectures, Slide 4-20)
Which factors noted above and in your notes (constituents, governor, party leaders and your own opinion) will influence your vote? Rank them in importance. (Unit 4, Written Lectures, Slide 4-20, 4-21)
Will you vote for or against the bill? Please explain your answer thoroughly. You should refer back to the representational role here. (Unit 4 Written Lectures, Slide 4-25)
.
Paper OrganizationStart with a title page and organize your pa.docxhoney690131
Paper Organization
Start with a title page and organize your paper with the following guidelines: 5-7 pages
· Title Page: Include a title page with the following title: Ethical Behavior, Diversity, Civil Discourse, and Educating Adults: A Literature Review.
· Introduction: The opening content should directly follow the title of the paper (repeated from the title page). In this section, list or summarize the issues you selected from the literature related to ethical behavior, diversity, and civil discourse, and provide a summary or road map for the content included in your paper.
· Overview of Issues: Begin the body of your paper with an overview of the issues related to ethical behavior, diversity, and civil discourse you chose for this review. Describe connections among these issues and their significance to adult education. Write in third person and include literature support.
· Diversity Issue Related to Specialization: Provide detailed descriptions and examples of how the issues you chose to review specifically relate to educating adults. Write in third person and include literature support.
· Ethical Behavior Issue Related to Specialization: Provide detailed descriptions and examples of how the issue you chose to review specifically relates to Adult Education. Write in third person and include literature support.
· Civil Discourse Issue Related to Specialization: Provide detailed descriptions and examples of how the issue you chose to review specifically relates to Adult Education. Write in third person and include literature support.
· Review of the Literature: The literature review should include a minimum of six references from peer-reviewed journal articles related to Adult Education. Analyze this scholarly literature, focusing on the connections between Adult Education and the issues of ethical behavior, diversity, and civil discourse you chose to research. Continue writing in third person and cite the literature for support.
· Conclusion: Your conclusion should emphasize the main themes in your paper and provide a synthesis of the literature reviewed, with special attention to the connections and relationships among the issues you chose to research and your educational specialization.
· References: Include a minimum of five different scholarly, peer-reviewed journals (related to your field of specialization) that are also cited in the paper. Your citations must have references and your references should be included within your paper as in-text citations.
Ethical Behavior, Diversity, and Civil Discourse Scoring Guide
Due Date: Sat 5/30
CRITERIA
NON-PERFORMANCE
BASIC
PROFICIENT
DISTINGUISHED
Describe connections among issues of ethical behavior, diversity, and civil discourse and a given educational specialization.
20%
Does not identify connections among issues of ethical behavior, diversity, and civil discourse and a given educational specialization.
Identifies connections among issues of ethical behavior, diversity, a.
Paper on topic Date visualization A critical evaluation of its ar.docxhoney690131
Paper on topic: Date visualization: A critical evaluation of its art & science.
Abstract (1 page)
Introduction ( 1 Page)
Literature Review (3 pages)
Methodology (3 pages)
Interpretation (3 pages)
Conclusion (1 page)
Recommendation (1 page)
References - 8
.
PAPER EXPECTATIONSFollow the instructions.Make your ideas .docxhoney690131
PAPER EXPECTATIONS
Follow the instructions.
Make your ideas concise.
Use as few words as you can to make your statements. This will allow you more room to develop your great ideas!
Avoid repetition and redundancy
of both ideas and words. This is the issue that I usually subtract the most points for, so take care.
For example, when you edit your papers, make sure that you don’t say “Cool Herc is widely accepted as the originator of hip hop”, and then two sentences later, “As Cool Herc is the originator of hip hop…”. See how these two are the same idea? If the reader already has the information, repeating it just takes up space. Another thing to avoid is using the same word multiple times in quick succession. For example: “I found it exciting to listen to the this music. Eri B. has an exciting tone to his voice. When I hear how he flows when he strings words together, I feel excited.” See how ‘excitement’ occurs three times in three sentences? Here’s another more subtle example: “He used the turntable as a way to switch songs seamlessly, using the scratch method to cover up the different beats that were used in each song.” In this example, the word ‘use’ occurs three times in the same sentence! Because it’s a less emotional word, it might be harder to catch, but it’s just as problematic.
I like to see ‘I’ statements.
I find that turning the focus on yourself (especially when we are dealing with sensitive issues and incorporating personal experience, as I encourage) is a great way to avoid generalizing groups and ideas. If your statement is clearly from your perspective, then I as a reader can empathize with your position. If you use lots of ‘we as a generalized group of people act and feel this specific way’, it makes me wonder what research you’ve done, what data points you have, and how many people you have interviewed in order to have that knowledge.
Going off of the previous expectation:
BE SPECIFIC!
If you do make a generalized statement about a situation, back it up with details. Show the research. Reference or quote the authors who initially made the observations and put their work into context. If you tell me that Cool Herc is largely agreed to be the originator of hip hop, tell me why and give examples.
For example, something with detail and context would be: “Although Jamaican soundsystem culture is at the roots of hip hop, Cool Herc was the first to create tracks sourced from James Brown, using the funkier, harder beats that we’ve come to associate with hip hop today.” See how this gives specific details and context on either end of the statement that Cool Herc was the first person to make hip hop?
Make sure you include proper internal references, and construct your bibliography following MLA format
. In your paper, I like to see at least (Author, Date of Publication). For example: “Cool Herc is widely agreed to be the originator of hip hop(Babin 2020).” This tells me you got the information from the .
Paper Instructions 5) Paper should be 5-7 pages (excluding title pag.docxhoney690131
Paper Instructions 5) Paper should be 5-7 pages (excluding title page and references). APA format is required. There should be headings for each question answered. Be sure to review the rubric prior to writing your paper. Be careful to answer each section of the question asked. https://excellentwriter.xyz/education-homework-help/for-this-assignment-you-will-conduct-a-taste-test-using-at-least-7-participants/ This is a formal paper, so formal, professional language should be used, rather than conversational language.
Engage with Individuals, Families, Groups, Organizations, and Communities Social workers understand that engagement is an ongoing component of the dynamic and interactive process of social work practice with, and on behalf of, diverse individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities. Social workers value the importance of human relationships. Social workers understand theories of human behavior and the social environment, and critically evaluate and apply this knowledge to facilitate engagement with clients and constituencies, including individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities. Social workers understand strategies to engage diverse clients and constituencies to advance practice effectiveness. Social workers understand how their personal experiences and affective reactions may impact their ability to effectively engage with diverse clients and constituencies. Social workers value principles of relationship-building and inter-professional collaboration to facilitate engagement with clients, constituencies, and other professionals as appropriate. Social workers: apply knowledge of human behavior and the social environment, person-in-environment, and other multidisciplinary theoretical frameworks to engage with clients and constituencies; and use empathy, reflection, and interpersonal skills to effectively engage diverse clients and constituencies. VIGNETTE Billy Brown Case Billy Brown is an 11 years old, and referred to you because it has been determined that he has been abused by his mother. Billy’s teacher reported the situation to protective services when she saw unexplained bruises on Billy’s arms and the intake worker who responded, founded a case of abuse. You are employed by Child Protective Services and will manage the case, which has been transferred to you from the intake emergency worker. Lorene Brown is Billy’s Mother. She is 28 years old, unemployed, and did not complete her high school education. She receives welfare benefits and lives in a small apartment she shares with a man whom she calls her boyfriend. Lorene is divorced and Billy’s father has shown no interest in him since he was born. Lorene is uncertain if he is incarcerated or not, and doesn’t know his whereabouts. Lorene and her boyfriend often engage in sexual behavior in the presence of Billy, who pretends not to see it, as their apartment is a studio. Lorene knew her boyfriend for 2 weeks before he moved in.
Lorene app.
Paper format and information4-5 pages in length.Papers mu.docxhoney690131
Paper format and information:
4-5 pages in length.
Papers must thoroughly explore the notable contributions of each performer.
Double spaced.
Use an easily readable font like Arial. Also use 12 point type.
Include sources in a bibliography at the end of your paper: Books, periodical articles, internet articles, etc.
EXAMPLE:
Follow the guidelines for writing as presented in one of the following style manuals:
A Pocket Style Manual
(Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
(2016), by Diana Hacker and Nancy Sommers (7th edition) Publisher: Bedford/St. Martin's: ISBN-10: 1319083528
The MLA Handbook (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
(Eighth edition)
, by Joseph Gibaldi. New York: Modern Language Association. 2016 ISBN-10: 1603292624
Note: At least 4 different sources for your information!
.
Paper in Health care quality management strategies - recent arti.docxhoney690131
Paper in Health care quality management strategies - recent articles it could be in Quality risk factors, Management strategies, Risk management patient, quality management in health care.. Use previous articles compare one disease for two countries then analyze and develop their strategies Make Saudi Arabia one of them or compare Saudi Arabia with other health care system such as European or America.
.
Paper 2 Assignment POT 2002.Assignment Write a 1000 wor.docxhoney690131
Paper 2 Assignment
POT 2002
.
Assignment: Write a 1000 word paper (= 3-4 pages, double-spaced) on one of the
following topics:
1.) In The Prince, Machiavelli writes: “And let no one resist my opinion on this
with that trite proverb, that whoever founds on the people founds on mud.”
According to Machiavelli, how should a prince “found on the people”? How does
his advice ultimately benefit the people?
2.) Take a look of the foundations of the social contract in both Hobbes and
Locke. How do their different assumptions about human nature and the state of
nature inform their theories? How does this result in their different conceptions
of civil society/government? Identify and analyze at least two different
assumptions and speak about the implications for their theories.
Papers cannot be submitted by email under any circumstances
Guidelines for Papers
1. Your paper is supposed to be an interpretation of some aspect of the
work(s): in other words, an argument concerning some aspect of the work
based on analysis of relevant textual evidence. Your paper is not supposed
to be a summary of the work, a statement of your opinion about the work, or a
discussion of its historical significance or relevance. Frame your paper as an
investigation of why and how the author makes the argument he or she does
rather than simply saying what is said. Turn your topic into an argument.
2. Give a clear statement of your argument at the beginning of your paper.
3. Unify your paper with a single argument with a logical development from one step of
the argument to the next. Do not make your paper a collection of separate points or
examples.
4. Every time you state that the author states or argues something you should
have evidence to support your statement, either in the form of a quotation or a specific
textual reference. Only quote what you need for your purposes. Try to look at your
quotations as something more than mere evidence, and instead as material that you
can analyze (break down into its parts in order to interpret it) in order to make your
argument.
5. Use clear and simple language, but a formal style. Obscurity is not profundity. Make
sure that you know the meaning of the words you use. You are writing a formal paper,
not an email message. Avoid colloquial or chatty language. Do not use contractions:
not using them reminds you of the appropriate level of discourse for your paper.
Criteria for assessing your work:
1. Do you have a clear statement of your argument?
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of it, then the best grade you can possibly receive .
Paper detailsUnit 4 Discussion Prompt1. What is the .docxhoney690131
Paper details:
Unit 4 Discussion Prompt:
1. What is the primary distinction between early management theories and contemporary theories?
2. Discuss how management differs from leadership and give an example contrasting the two functions.
3. How do you define personal power? Of the power bases described, what resonates most with you?
4. Do leaders always need to be team players? Why or why not?
Participation Requirements:
Consult the grading rubric for the grading criteria.
Original discussion board posts:
• Create a thread for your original post identified with your name.
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Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
By 2009, air asia had established itself as asia’s most success
1. By 2009, AirAsia had established itself as Asia’s most
successful low-cost airline.
Between January 2002 and March 2009, AirAsia had expanded
from two aircraft and
200,000 passenger journeys to 79 aircraft and 11.8 million
passenger journeys. Its
route network had grown beyond Malaysia to cover ten
Southeast Asian countries.
In addition to its hub in Kuala Lumpur (KL), Malaysia, it had
replicated its system by
establishing associated airlines in Thailand and Indonesia.
By 2007, UBS research showed that AirAsia was the world’s
lowest-cost airline
with costs per available seat kilometer (ASK) significantly
below those of Southwest,
Jet Blue, Ryanair, or Virgin Blue (Figure 1). It was also one of
the world’s most prof-
itable airlines. In 2008, when very few of the world’s airlines
made any profit at all,
AirAsia earned a return on assets of 4%.1 In 2009, it won the
Skytrax Award as “The
World’s Best Low Cost Airline.”
AirAsia had built its business on the low-cost carrier (LCC)
model created by
Southwest Airlines in the US and replicated throughout the
world by a host of
imitators. AirAsia had adapted the basic LCC model to the
market, geographical,
and institutional features of Southeast Asia while preserving the
principal opera-
2. tional features of the strategy. However, in 2007, AirAsia
embarked upon a major
departure from the LCC model: expansion into long-haul flights
by inaugurating
routes to Australia and China and then, in 2009, to India and the
UK. The conven-
tional wisdom was that the efficiency of the LCC model was
dependent upon short
and medium-distance flights with a single type of aircraft and
minimal customer
amenities—intercontinental flights required contravening these
basic conditions.
Very few LCCs had ventured into long-haul; even fewer had
made a success of it.
To evaluate AirAsia’s potential to expand from being a regional
carrier to an
international airline would require a careful analysis of the
basis of its existing cost
advantage and an evaluation of the transferability of these cost
advantages to the
long-haul market.
The History of AirAsia
The growth of AirAsia is closely associated with the
entrepreneurial effort of Tony
Fernandes. Son of a Malaysian doctor, Fernandes was sent to
boarding school in
Case 9 AirAsia: The World’s
Lowest-cost Airline
Written by Robert M. Grant. The case draws upon a report
written by Sara Buchholz, Nadia
Fabio, Andrés Ileyassoff, Laurent Mang, and Daniele Visentin:
4. Luton airport that
I decided to start a low cost airline.2
He subsequently met with Conor McCarthy, former operations
director of Ryanair.
The two developed a plan to form a budget airline serving the
Southeast Asia market.
Seeking the support of the Malaysian government, Fernandes
was encouraged
by Prime Minister Mahathir Mohammad to acquire a struggling
government-owned
airline, AirAsia. With their own capital and support from a
group of investors, they
acquired AirAsia for one Malaysian ringgit (RM)—and assumed
debts of RM40 mil-
lion (about $11 million). In January 2002, AirAsia was
relaunched with just three
planes and a business model that McCarthy described as: “a
Ryanair operational
strategy, a Southwest people strategy, and an easyJet branding
strategy.”3
Fueled by rising prosperity in Malaysia and its large potential
market for lei-
sure and business travelers seeking inexpensive domestic
transportation, AirAsia’s
domestic business expanded rapidly. In January 2004, AirAsia
began its first inter-
national service from KL to Phuket in Thailand; in February
2004, it sought to tap
the Singapore market by offering flights from Johor Bahru, just
across the border
from Singapore, and in 2005 it began flights to Indonesia.
700
6. st
s
p
er
A
SK
1,700 1,900 2,100 2,300
airberlin
Virgin Blue
SkyEurope
SpiceJet
easyJet
WestJet
GOL
Air Arabia
JetBlue
Ryanair
Veuling
Southwest
FIGURE 1 Costs in US cents per available seat kilometer for
different low-cost
airlines
7. Source: AirAsia Presentation, CLSA Forum, Hong Kong,
September 2007.
CASE 9 AIRASIA: THE WORLD’S LOWEST-COST AIRLINE
525
International expansion was financed by its initial public
offering (IPO) in
October 2004, which raised RM717 million. Airline
deregulation across Southeast
Asia greatly facilitated international expansion. To exploit the
market for budget
travel in Thailand and Indonesia, AirAsia adopted the novel
strategy of establish-
ing joint-venture companies in Thailand (Thai AirAsia) and
Indonesia (Indonesia
AirAsia) to create new hubs in Bangkok and Jakarta. In both
cases, the operations of
these companies were contracted out to AirAsia, which received
a monthly fee from
these associate companies.
From the beginning, Fernandes had set his sights on long-haul
travel, guided
by the example of his hero, Freddie Laker, the pioneer of low -
cost transatlantic
air travel. However, this risked his good relations with the
Malaysian government
because it put AirAsia into direct competition with the national
airline, Malaysia
Airlines. Hence, Fernandes established a separate company,
AirAsia X to develop its
long-haul business. AirAsia X is owned 16% by AirAsia (with
8. an option to increase
to 30%), 48% by Aero Ventures (co-founded by Tony
Fernandes), 16% by Richard
Branson’s Virgin Group, with the remaining 20% owned by
Bahrain-based Manara
Consortium and Japan-based Orix Corporation. Operationally,
AirAsia and AirAsia X
are closely linked.
In 2007, flights began to Australia, followed by China. By July
2009, AirAsia X had
flights from KL to the Gold Coast, Melbourne, and Perth in
Australia; Tianjin and
Hangzhou in China; and Taipei and London using five Airbus
A340s, with three more
to be delivered by year-end. Planned future routes included Abu
Dhabi (October
2009), India (2010), and later Sydney, Seoul, and New York. At
Abu Dhabi, AirAsia
X planned to have a hub that would serve Frankfurt, Cairo, and
possibly East Africa
too: “You just can’t get to East Africa from Asia,” observed
Fernandes.4 To support its
expansion, AirAsia X ordered ten Airbus A350s for delivery in
2016.
AirAsia’s Strategy and Culture
Strategy
AirAsia described its strategy as follows:
● Safety first: partnering with the world’s most renowned
maintenance provid-
ers and complying with world airline regulations.
9. ● High aircraft utilization: implementing the region’s fastest
turnaround time at
only 25 minutes, assuring lower costs and higher productivity.
● Low fare, no frills: providing guests with the choice of
customizing services
without compromising on quality and services.
● Streamline operations: making sure that processes are as
simple as possible.
● Lean distribution system: offering a wide and innovative
range of distribution
channels to make booking and traveling easier.
● Point-to-point network: applying the point-to-point network
keeps operations
simple and costs low.5
Prior to its expansion into long-haul, AirAsia identified its
geographical cover-
age as encompassing three-and-a-half hours’ flying time from
its hubs. Fernandes’
confidence in his growth strategy rested on the fact that “This
area encompasses
three-and-a-half hours’
526 CASES TO ACCOMPANY CONTEMPORARY STRATEGY
ANALYSIS
a population of about 500 million people. Only a small
proportion of this market
regularly travels by air. AirAsia believes that certain segments
10. of this market have
been under-served historically and that the Group’s low fares
stimulate travel within
these market segments.”6 Its slogan “Now Everyone Can Fly!”
encapsulated AirAsia’s
goal of expanding the market for air travel in Southeast Asia.
To penetrate its target market, AirAsia placed a big emphasis on
marketing and
brand development. “The brand is positioned to project an
image of a safe, reliable
low-cost airline that places a high emphasis on customer service
while providing an
enjoyable flying experience.” For an LCC, AirAsia had
comparatively large expendi-
tures on TV, print, and internet advertising. AirAsia used its
advertising expenditures
counter-cyclically: during the SARS outbreak and after the Bali
bombings, AirAsia
boosted its spending on advertising and marketing. In addition,
it sought to maxi-
mize the amount of press coverage that it received. AirAsia also
built its image
through co-branding and sponsorship relationships. A
sponsorship deal with the
AT&T Williams Formula 1 race car team resulted in AirAsia
painting one of its A320s
in the livery of a Williams race car. Its sponsorship of
Manchester United encour-
aged it to paint its planes with the portraits of Manchester
United players. It also
sponsored referees in the English Premier League. A
cooperative advertising deal
with Time magazine resulted in an AirAsia plane being painted
with the Time logo.
11. Its internet advertising included banner ads on the Yahoo
mobile homepage and
a Facebook application for the Citibank–AirAsia credit card.
The overall goals were
increasing visibility, encouraging interaction, and allowing
users to immerse them-
selves in the AirAsia brand.
This heavy emphasis on brand building provided AirAsia with a
platform for
offering services that met a range of traveler needs. AirAsia
offered an AA express
shuttle bus connecting airports to city centers with seats being
bookable simultane-
ously with the online booking of plane tickets. Fernandes also
founded Tune Hotels,
a chain of no-frills hotels co-branded with AirAsia. Tune Money
offered online finan-
cial services—again co-branded with AirAsia.
Culture and Management Style
AirAsia’s corporate culture and management style reflected
Tony Fernandes’ own
personality: informal, friendly, and cheerful. In the same way
that culture and brand
identity of Southwest Airlines and the Virgin airlines (Virgin
Atlantic, Virgin Blue,
and Virgin America) reflect the personalities of founders Herb
Kelleher and Richard
Branson, respectively, Fernandes has used his personality and
personal style to cre-
ate a distinct identity for AirAsia. His usual dress of jeans,
open-neck shirt, and base-
ball cap provide a clear communication of AirAsia’s unstuffy,
open culture. Its team
12. spirit, commitment to job flexibility, and lack of hierarchy were
reinforced from the
top: Fernandes worked one day a month as a baggage handler,
one day every two
months as cabin crew, and one day every three months as a
check-in clerk.
The share offer prospectus described AirAsia’s culture as
follows:
The Group prides itself on building a strong, team-orientated
corporate culture. The
Group’s employees understand and subscribe to the Group’s
core strategy and
actively focus on maintaining low costs and high productivity.
AirAsia motivates
its employees by awarding bonuses based upon each employee’s
contribution to
AirAsia’s productivity, and expects to increase loyalty through
its ESOS [employee
CASE 9 AIRASIA: THE WORLD’S LOWEST-COST AIRLINE
527
share ownership scheme] which will be available to all
employees. The Group’s
management encourages open communication which creates a
dynamic work-
ing environment, and meets all its employees on a quarterly
basis to review
AirAsia’s results and generate new ways to lower costs and
increase productivity.
Employees . . . frequently communicate directly with AirAsia’s
senior management
13. and offer suggestions on how AirAsia can increase its efficiency
or productivity. . .
In addition to the above, AirAsia:
● inculcates enthusiasm and commitment among staff by
sponsoring numerous
social events and providing a vibrant and friendly working
environment
● strives to be honest and transparent in its relations with third
parties. . .
● fosters a non-discriminatory, meritocratic environment where
employees are
offered opportunities for advancement, regardless of their
education, race, gen-
der, religion, nationality or age, and
● emphasizes maintaining a constant quality of service
throughout all of AirAsia’s
operation through bringing together to work on a regular basis
employees
based in different locations.7
AirAsia’s Operations
AirAsia’s operations strategy comprised the following elements:
● Aircraft: In common with other LCCs, AirAsia operated a
single type
of aircraft, the Airbus A320. (It switched from Boeing 737s in
2005.) A single
aircraft type offered economies in purchasing, maintenance,
pilot training,
and aircraft utilization.
14. ● No-frills flights: AirAsia offered a single class, which
allowed more seats
per plane. For example, when it was operating its Boeing 737s,
these
were equipped with 148 seats, compared to 132 for a typical
two-class
configuration. Customer services were minimal: complimentary
meals and
drinks were not served on board—but snacks and beverages
could be
purchased, passengers paid for baggage beyond a low threshold,
and there
was no baggage transfer between flights. AirAsia did not use
aerobridges
for boarding and disembarking passengers, which was another
cost-saving
measure. Flights were ticketless and there was no assigned
seating. Such
simplicity allowed quick turnaround of planes, which permitted
better
utilization of planes and crews.
● Sales and marketing: AirAsia engaged in direct sales through
its website and
call center. As a result, it avoided paying commission to travel
agents.
● Outsourcing: AirAsia achieved simplicity and cost economies
by
outsourcing those activities that could be undertaken more
effectively and
efficiently by third parties. Thus, most aircraft maintenance was
outsourced
to third parties, contracts being awarded on the basis of
competitive
15. bidding. Most of AirAsia’s information technology
requirements were also
outsourced.
528 CASES TO ACCOMPANY CONTEMPORARY STRATEGY
ANALYSIS
● Information technology: AirAsia used Navitair’s Open Skies
computer reser-
vations system (CRS), which linked Web-based sales and
inventory system,
which also linked with AirAsia’s call center. The CRS was
integrated with
AirAsia’s yield management system (YMS) that priced seats on
every flight
according to demand. The CRS also allowed passengers to print
their own
boarding passes. In 2006, AirAsia implemented a wireless
delivery system
which enabled customers to book seats, check flight schedules,
and obtain
real-time updates on AirAsia’s promotions via their mobile
phones—an impor-
tant facility in the Asia-Pacific region because of the extensive
use of mobile
phones. The YMS helped AirAsia to maximize revenue by
providing trend
analysis and optimize pricing; it also gave information on future
passenger
numbers that was used by AirAsia’s Advanced Planning and
Scheduling (APS)
system to minimize operational costs by optimizing supply
chain and facilities
management. These two IT systems allowed AirAsia to reduce
16. costs in logis-
tics and inbound activities. During 2005, AirAsia adopted an
ERP (enterprise
resource planning) system to support its processes, facilitate
month-end finan-
cial closing, and speed up reporting and data retrieval.8 This
was superseded
by an advanced planning and scheduling system, which
optimized AirAsia’s
supply chain management and forecasted future resource
requirements.
● Human resource management: Human resource management
had been a
priority for AirAsia since its relaunch under Tony Fernandes. A
heavy empha-
sis was given to selecting applicants on the basis of their
aptitudes, then cre-
ating an environment and a system which developed employees
and retained
them. AirAsia’s retention rates were exceptionally high, which
it regarded,
first, as an indicator of motivation and job satisfaction and as a
cost-saving
measure—because employees were multi-skilled, AirAsia’s
training costs
per employee tended to be high. Job flexibility at all levels of
the company,
including administration, was a major source of productivity for
AirAsia.
AirAsia: Cost Information
To offer a comparative view of AirAsia’s operational efficiency
and cost position,
Table 1 provides operating and financial information on
17. Malaysia’s two leading air-
lines: Malaysia Airlines and AirAsia. Although Malaysia
Airlines’ route network was
very different from that of AirAsia’s (Malaysia Airlines had a
larger proportion of
long-haul routes), it was subject to similar cost conditions as
AirAsia.
For the first time since its relaunch in 2002, AirAsia made a
loss in 2008. This was
the result of Fernandes’ decision to unwind AirAsia’s futures
contracts for jet fuel
purchased. When crude oil prices started to tumble during the
latter half of 2008,
Fernandes believed that AirAsia would be better off taking a
loss on its existing con-
tracts in order to benefit from lower fuel prices.
Going Long-haul
Fernandes was aware that expanding from short-haul flights in
Southeast Asia
to flights of more than four hours to China, Australia, Europe,
and the Middle
CASE 9 AIRASIA: THE WORLD’S LOWEST-COST AIRLINE
529
East required major changes in operating practices and major
new investments,
primarily in bigger planes. The creation of AirAsia X was
intended to facilitate a
measure of operational independence for the long-haul flights
while also spread-
18. ing the risks of this venture among several investors. The
investors in AirAsia X
also contributed valuable expertise: Virgin Group had
experience in establishing
and operating four airlines (Virgin Atlantic, Virgin Express,
Virgin Blue, and Virgin
USA), and the chairman of Air Ventures was Robert Milton, the
former CEO of Air
Canada.
TABLE 1 Comparing operational and financial performance
between AirAsia
and Malaysia Airlines, 2008
AirAsia Malaysia Airlines
Operating data
Passengers carried (millions) 11.81 13.76
Available seat kilometers (billions) 18.72 53.38
Revenue passenger kilometers (billions) 13.49 36.18
Seat load factor (%) 75.0 67.8
Cost per available seat kilometers (sena) 11.66 22.80
Revenue per available seat kilometers (sen) 14.11 20.60
Number of aircraft in fleet December 31, 2008 78.0 109.0
Number of employees 3,799 19,094
Aircraft utilization (hours per day) 11.8 11.1
Financial data (RM, millions)a
19. Revenue 2,635 15,035
Other operating income 301.8 466.0
Total operating expense 2,966.0 15,198.3
of which:
—Staff costs 236.8 2,179.9
—Depreciation 347.0 327.9
—Fuel costs 1,389.8 6,531.6
—Maintenance and overall 345.1 1,146.4
—Loss on unwinding derivatives 830.2 —
—Other operating expensesb 139.2 5,020.0
Operating profit (351.7) 305.5
Finance cost (net) 517.5 60.8
Pre-tax profit (869.2) 264.7
After-tax profit (496.6) 245.6
Total assets 9,520.0 10,071.6
of which:
—Aircraft, property, plant and equipment 6,594.3 2,464.8
—Inventories 20.7 379.7
20. —Cash 153.8 3,571.7
—Receivables 694.4 2,020.1
Debt 6,690.8 433.4
Shareholders’ equity 1,605.5 4,197.0
Notes:
aRM: Malaysian ringgit; 1 ringgit: 100 sen (cents). During
2008/9 the average exchange rate was US$1 ∙ RM3.43.
bFor AirAsia the main components were aircraft lease expenses
and loss on foreign exchange. For Malaysia
Airlines the main components were hire of aircraft, sales
commissions, landing fees, and rent of buildings.
Sources: Company annual reports.
530 CASES TO ACCOMPANY CONTEMPORARY STRATEGY
ANALYSIS
Table 2 shows the principal differences in AirAsia and AirAsia
X’s operations and
services.
Kuala Lumpur to London: Price and Cost Comparisons
A comparison of prices and costs allows a clearer picture of
AirAsia’s ability to
compete in the long-haul market—a market in which AirAsia
had to establish itself
against some of the world’s major airlines. Between KL and
21. London, AirAsia was
in competition with at least six international airlines, the closest
of which were
Malaysia Airlines, Emirates, and British Airways.
A comparison of economy, round-trip airfares between the two
cities is shown
in Table 3. As Table 4 shows, these fare differentials reflected
differences in cost
between AirAsia and its long-haul competitors. These cost
differences do not take
account of differences in load factors, which can have a major
effect on the average
cost per passenger. AirAsia reported that its KL–London flights
had a load factor in
excess of 90%. For the airlines as a whole, Table 5 shows load
factors.
TABLE 2 Comparing AirAsia and AirAsia X
AirAsia AirAsia X
Concept Low cost short-haul, no-frills Low cost long-haul, no
frills
Flying range Within four hours’ flying time
from departing city
More than four hours’ flying time from departing
city
Aircraft Airbus A320 with 180 seats Airbus A330 with more
than 330 seats
22. Cabin
configuration
Single class Economy and Premium (previously known as XL)
Seat option Unassigned seating, plus
Xpress Boarding option
Assigned seating with seat request option
In-flight dining Range of light meals and
snacks available for purchase
onboard
Pre-ordered full meals available including Asian,
Western, vegetarian, and kids’ meal; light snacks
also available for purchase onboard
Source: AirAsia websites www.airasia.com and
www.airasiax.com.
TABLE 3 Fare comparisons: AirAsia and its competitors
between Kuala Lumpur
and London
AirAsia Xa (US$)
Cheapest other
airlineb (US$)
AirAsia price
23. advantage (%)
Cheapest other
airlines
KL–London round trip 433.96c 683.68 36.5 1. Gulf Air
2. Qatar Air
3. Emirates
London–KL round trip 433.96c 530.35 18.2 1. Emirates
2. Etihad
3. Gulf Air
Notes:
aAverage fare between September 1 and October 1, 2009.
bAverage of lowest airline fare on each day between September
1 and October 1, 2009.
cAverage outbound fare: $187.87; average inbound fare:
$209.48; meals and baggage charges: $36.61.
CASE 9 AIRASIA: THE WORLD’S LOWEST-COST AIRLINE
531
The Outlook for Long-haul
There can be little doubt that AirAsia had been remarkably
successful in building
a budget airline in Southeast Asia. Its cost efficiency, growth
rate, brand aware-
24. ness, and awards for customer service, airline management, and
entrepreneurship
all pointed to outstanding achievement, not simply in
replicating the LCC business
model pioneered by Southwest Airlines but in adapting that
model and augmenting
it with innovation, dynamism, and marketing flair that derived
from Tony Fernandes’
personality and leadership style.
However, its AirAsia X venture presented a whole set of new
challenges. AirAsia
had successfully transferred several of its competitive
advantages from AirAsia to
AirAsia X. The low costs associated with fuel-efficient new
planes, secondary air-
ports, and human resources practices had allowed AirAsia X to
become the low-cost
TABLE 4 Flight operating cost comparison: Kuala Lumpur to
London (in US$)
AirAsia British Airways Malaysia Airlines Emirates
Aircraft type Airbus 340-300 Boeing 747-400 Boeing 747-400
Boeing 777-300
Routea KUL–STN KUL–LHR KUL–LHR KUL–DXB–LHR
Maximum passenger capacity 286 337 359 360
KUL–DXB DXB–LHR
Flight fuel cost 79,299 159,522 159,522 77,525 80,822
Leasing costs 5,952 0 0 0 0
25. En route navigation charges 7,949 12,294 12,294 1,435 6,613
Terminal navigation arrival
charges
419 645 645 0 645
Landing/parking 1,100 2,200 2,200 2,200 2,200
Departure handling 6,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000
Arrival handling 6,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000
Segment totals 105,160 114,280
Total cost per flightb 106,719 198,661 198,661 219,440
Average cost per passengerb 373.14 589.50 553.37 609.56
Notes:
aKUL = Kuala Lumpur, STN = London Stansted, LHR = London
Heathrow, DXB = Dubai.
bExcluding maintenance, depreciation, meal services, and crew
salaries.
Source: S. Buchholz, N. Fabio, A. Ileyassoff, L. Mang, and D.
Visentin, AirAsia: Tales from a Long-haul Low Cost Carrier
(Bocconi University,
2009). Data based on NewPacs Aviation Tool Software. Used by
permission of the authors.
TABLE 5 Difference between airlines in load factors (%)
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
26. AirAsia 77.0 75.0 78.0 80.0 75.5
Emirates 73.4 74.6 75.9 76.2 79.8
British Airways 67.6 69.7 70.0 70.4 71.2
Malaysia Airlines 69.0 71.5 69.8 71.4 67.8
Source: S. Buchholz, N. Fabio, A. Ileyassoff, L. Mang, and D.
Visentin, “AirAsia: Tales from a Long-haul Low Cost
Carrier,” (case report, Bocconi University, 2009). Used by
permission of the authors.
532 CASES TO ACCOMPANY CONTEMPORARY STRATEGY
ANALYSIS
operator on most of its routes. The AirAsia brand and corporate
reputation provided
AirAsia X with credibility on each new route it inaugurated. By
sharing web-based
and telephone flight booking systems along with administrative
and operational
services between the two airlines, AirAsia X was able to secure
cost efficiencies that
would not be possible for an independent start-up.
Nevertheless, doubts remained over AirAsia X’s ability to
compete with estab-
lished international airlines. Unlike AirAsia, which was
attracting a whole new mar-
ket for domestic and regional air travel, AirAsia X would have
to take business away
from the established international airlines whose business
27. models offered some
key competitive advantages over that of long-haul LCCs. In
particular, the dense
domestic and regional route networks of the established carriers
offered feeds for
their intercontinental flights. These complementarities were
supported by through-
ticketing, baggage transfer, and frequent-flyer schemes. Their
sources of profit were
very different from the LCCs: most of their profit was earned
from first- and busi-
ness-class travelers, which permitted subsidization of economy-
class fares.
These challenges pointed to the advantages of closer integration
of AirAsia X with
AirAsia. AirAsia X’s CEO, Azran Osman-Rani, had argued for
the operational and
financial rationale of merging AirAsia X into AirAsia: “It
would be difficult for AirAsia
in the future if it did not have trunk routes as [this] is where the
traffic volumes come
from, so AirAsia needs growth from AirAsia X and the merger
allows it to tap growth
opportunities in the long-haul markets.” Responding to
allegations that the real ratio-
nale for the merger was to allow AirAsia to finance AirAsia X’s
losses, Azran said:
“Rubbish, we can clearly dispute that. For the first quarter
ended March 31, 2009 our
net profit was RM 18 million and we are net cash flow positive.
We even had a little
cash at RM 3 million. We are in a very good position and on a
much firmer footing
and now is an interesting time to talk about a merger.”9
28. Notes
1. Operating profit before depreciation, amortization, and
interest as a percentage of average total assets.
2. See www.tonyfernandesblog.com, accessed June 3,
2009. Website no longer available.
3. Quoted by T. Lawton and J. Doh, The Ascendance of
AirAsia: Building a Successful Budget Airline in Asia
(Ivey School of Business, Case No. 9B08M054, 2008).
4. “AirAsia X to Hub in Abu Dhabi: AirAsia CEO,” Khaleej
Times (August 5, 2009).
5. “Corporate Profile,” http://www.airasia.co m/ot/en/
about-us/corporate-profile.page, accessed July 20, 2015.
6. “AirAsia Berhad,” Offering Circular (October 29): 3.
7. Ibid.: 5.
8. C. Cho, S. Hoffman Arian, C. Tjitrahardja, and R.
Narayanaswamy, AirAsia: Strategic IT Initiative (student
report, Faculty of Economics and Commerce, University
of Melbourne, 2005).
9. “AirAsia X CEO backs Merger with AirAsia Bhd,”
The Star Online ( July 23, 2009), http://www.thestar.
com.my/Story/?file=%2F2009%2F7%2F23%2Fbusiness
%2F4369512, accessed July 20, 2015.
Case 13-1 Wellcomp Computers (LO3)
Wellcomp Computers is a leader in the laptop market with a 45
percent market share and a reputation for efficient operations.
Typically the company has only 10 days’ sales in inventory and
29. five days’ sales in receivables. The company generally can
deliver large corporate orders in less than two
weeks. Wellcomp’s parts suppliers, however, require payment in
30 days.
At a recent meeting of key executives, Nadine Hunt, senior VP
of marketing, proposed dropping prices to grab even more
market share. Preston Hunt, the chief operating officer, objected
and said, “Nadine, our margin is only five percent. If we drop
our price, our margin drops, and a lower margin means less cash
coming into the company. If cash flow drops, we could have a
very significant problem.”
Required
Assume the role of Nadine and explain why cash flow is not
likely to be a problem.
You must support your responses by searching beyond the
chapter (i.e., managerial accounting literature and/or any other
valid external source). Include examples, as appropriate, to
evidence your case point. Your response must also include
proper American Psychological Association (APA) citation and
referencing with working web links. Further, it must include
between 250 and 350 words. Refer to discussion board rubric
for grading details.