This document contains an assessment for a critical review essay on business ethics at Walmart. It includes an introduction outlining that the essay will analyze Walmart's business ethics in relation to three stakeholders: employees, consumers, and competitors. The document then lists the assessment criteria that will be used to grade the essay, including knowledge and understanding, analysis and evaluation, research and enquiry, presentation and referencing, and communication. Finally, it provides the essay requirements and word count.
The global herbal market is valued at $62 billion, with Asian countries such as China and Japan accounting for 19% of the market share. India has risen to compete in the herbal products market as consumers trend towards using more herbal remedies than chemical treatments. Spa Ceylon is a luxury Ayurvedic brand in Sri Lanka that operates spas and produces herbal cosmetic products. It aims to expand its operations internationally through new spa openings and broadening its product lines.
This document provides an overview and analysis of Britannia Industries, a leading Indian food company. It discusses Britannia's sector contribution and growth, product portfolio including popular biscuit brands, organizational structure, financial performance, and SWOT analysis. Britannia has a 30% market share in the Indian biscuit category and is working to expand its dairy business and launch new products through large investments. The document analyzes Britannia's various products and positions them in the BCG matrix, and provides financial metrics like profit margins over recent years.
This report provides an analysis regarding the identification and evaluation of the strategies that H&M might adopt for increasing its investments and growth by utilizing BCG model and for prioritizing the investments by exploiting GE McKinsey, Ashridge model and the analysis from the strategic review. Moreover, for the growth of the company, among the available frameworks, the one of Blue Ocean Strategy was implemented because a free space of innovation was identified. Furthermore, H&M’s internationalization opportunities were found by assessing the attractiveness of the market through PESTEL analysis, CAGE framework and competitive characteristics. Finally, the report provides a detailed analysis for areas of internal improvements, what the company should plan for developing them and how is going to supervise the process.
This document outlines the table of contents for a research study on Santander UK's marketing strategy and its impact on business growth and customer satisfaction. The introduction provides background on Santander UK and identifies marketing as a key pillar of the company's growth strategy. The rationale for the study is to analyze Santander UK's integrated marketing strategy and determine its effects on business growth and customer satisfaction. The literature review explores concepts of integrated marketing and how marketing impacts customer satisfaction and business growth. The research aims to analyze Santander UK's current marketing strategy, its effects on business growth and customer satisfaction, and whether the strategies align with market dynamics.
The document provides an overview of Cargills (Ceylon) Plc, a Sri Lankan food and beverage company established in 1844. It discusses the company's management structure and operations in retail, fast moving consumer goods, and restaurants. The document then defines the roles of leaders and managers, explaining they are different but related concepts. Leaders focus on setting vision and strategy while managers focus on implementation. The rest of the document analyzes leadership and management theories and how they apply in different situations at Cargills.
this presentation has information of various breakfast brands in india which includes kelloggs quaker oats britannia bru and nescafe.the above mentioned companies marketing strategies swot analysis etc.
IKEA is considering entering the Sri Lankan market through both online and offline channels. It plans to partner with John Keels Holdings to establish a joint venture. An analysis of Sri Lanka's political, economic, social, and technological environment shows opportunities for IKEA's expansion. Porter's five forces model indicates moderate competition from local furniture brands. IKEA will position itself as providing high-quality, affordable products. Both social media marketing and traditional advertising will be used to promote the brand and generate sales through online and brick-and-mortar stores.
Strategies in declining & hostile marketssohrab642
The document discusses strategies for companies facing declining or hostile markets. In declining markets, lower sales lead to excess capacity and high inventory levels. There are four main strategies for declining markets: harvesting, maintenance, profitable survivor, and niche. Hostile markets have overcapacity, low margins, intense competition, and disorganized management. To succeed in hostile markets, companies can focus on reliability, large customers, cost management, expansion, covering multiple price points, and effective distribution. Both offensive and defensive strategies may be used, with defensive strategies aiming to safeguard position and offensive strategies seeking to create new growth opportunities.
The global herbal market is valued at $62 billion, with Asian countries such as China and Japan accounting for 19% of the market share. India has risen to compete in the herbal products market as consumers trend towards using more herbal remedies than chemical treatments. Spa Ceylon is a luxury Ayurvedic brand in Sri Lanka that operates spas and produces herbal cosmetic products. It aims to expand its operations internationally through new spa openings and broadening its product lines.
This document provides an overview and analysis of Britannia Industries, a leading Indian food company. It discusses Britannia's sector contribution and growth, product portfolio including popular biscuit brands, organizational structure, financial performance, and SWOT analysis. Britannia has a 30% market share in the Indian biscuit category and is working to expand its dairy business and launch new products through large investments. The document analyzes Britannia's various products and positions them in the BCG matrix, and provides financial metrics like profit margins over recent years.
This report provides an analysis regarding the identification and evaluation of the strategies that H&M might adopt for increasing its investments and growth by utilizing BCG model and for prioritizing the investments by exploiting GE McKinsey, Ashridge model and the analysis from the strategic review. Moreover, for the growth of the company, among the available frameworks, the one of Blue Ocean Strategy was implemented because a free space of innovation was identified. Furthermore, H&M’s internationalization opportunities were found by assessing the attractiveness of the market through PESTEL analysis, CAGE framework and competitive characteristics. Finally, the report provides a detailed analysis for areas of internal improvements, what the company should plan for developing them and how is going to supervise the process.
This document outlines the table of contents for a research study on Santander UK's marketing strategy and its impact on business growth and customer satisfaction. The introduction provides background on Santander UK and identifies marketing as a key pillar of the company's growth strategy. The rationale for the study is to analyze Santander UK's integrated marketing strategy and determine its effects on business growth and customer satisfaction. The literature review explores concepts of integrated marketing and how marketing impacts customer satisfaction and business growth. The research aims to analyze Santander UK's current marketing strategy, its effects on business growth and customer satisfaction, and whether the strategies align with market dynamics.
The document provides an overview of Cargills (Ceylon) Plc, a Sri Lankan food and beverage company established in 1844. It discusses the company's management structure and operations in retail, fast moving consumer goods, and restaurants. The document then defines the roles of leaders and managers, explaining they are different but related concepts. Leaders focus on setting vision and strategy while managers focus on implementation. The rest of the document analyzes leadership and management theories and how they apply in different situations at Cargills.
this presentation has information of various breakfast brands in india which includes kelloggs quaker oats britannia bru and nescafe.the above mentioned companies marketing strategies swot analysis etc.
IKEA is considering entering the Sri Lankan market through both online and offline channels. It plans to partner with John Keels Holdings to establish a joint venture. An analysis of Sri Lanka's political, economic, social, and technological environment shows opportunities for IKEA's expansion. Porter's five forces model indicates moderate competition from local furniture brands. IKEA will position itself as providing high-quality, affordable products. Both social media marketing and traditional advertising will be used to promote the brand and generate sales through online and brick-and-mortar stores.
Strategies in declining & hostile marketssohrab642
The document discusses strategies for companies facing declining or hostile markets. In declining markets, lower sales lead to excess capacity and high inventory levels. There are four main strategies for declining markets: harvesting, maintenance, profitable survivor, and niche. Hostile markets have overcapacity, low margins, intense competition, and disorganized management. To succeed in hostile markets, companies can focus on reliability, large customers, cost management, expansion, covering multiple price points, and effective distribution. Both offensive and defensive strategies may be used, with defensive strategies aiming to safeguard position and offensive strategies seeking to create new growth opportunities.
The document summarizes the biscuit and cookie market in Bangladesh. It finds that the market is growing at an average of 13% annually and is valued at approximately 7,000 crore BDT. The market is dominated by national giants like Olympic, Haque, and Reedisha, which control over 50% of the branded market. Urban and rural consumption is driving food industry growth in Bangladesh. The biscuit market is segmented into regular, family, and tikki packs, which have different popular products and regional strongholds across the country. Overall, the biscuit industry remains an emerging sector in Bangladesh.
Wal-Mart is the world's largest retailer, operating over 10,000 stores in 27 countries. It was founded in 1962 in Arkansas and has since grown significantly through global expansion. Wal-Mart offers a one-stop shopping experience for various product categories along with grocery. While it has had success in some international markets through acquisitions and partnerships, it also faced challenges breaking into other markets like Germany. In India, Wal-Mart has a joint venture with Bharti Enterprises operating wholesale cash-and-carry stores under the Best Price brand. Wal-Mart sees potential in India given the growth of the middle class and emerging retail market, but also faces restrictions and resistance in fully entering the country.
The document discusses D'Mart, a leading Indian retail chain. It outlines D'Mart's growth strategy, strengths like everyday low pricing, and weaknesses like slower expansion. Big Bazaar is a key competitor, with strengths like a wide product range but weaknesses in meeting store targets. The retail industry in India is growing rapidly, presenting opportunities for expansion into new areas. Online retailers and unorganized stores pose threats. Effective supply chain management is important for D'Mart's continued success.
This document provides an overview of marketing opportunities analysis and planning. It discusses identifying market opportunities through factors like target market and market size. Sources of opportunities include short supply, innovation, weak competitors, and changes in customer wants. The document also covers marketing environment scanning, strategic planning at the corporate and business unit levels, and tools for assigning resources like the BCG matrix and GE matrix. It provides details on the nature and contents of marketing plans.
ZARA's external and internal enviroment. This presentation covers the main characteristics of ZARA, a general view of fast fashion indystry, Porters' Five Forces Analysis, competitors' external environment as well as a complete internal analysis regarding:competences, capabilities, resources, competitive advantage,value chain and outsourcing.
Cargills is a leading supermarket chain in Sri Lanka with over 194 outlets. They have implemented unique supply chain strategies that have led to their success. Cargills collects produce directly from over 5,000 farmers through 10 collection centers, cutting out middlemen and ensuring higher prices for farmers and lower prices for customers. They also use their own distribution network to deliver goods through separate routes for perishables and branded products. Cargills' supply chain is coordinated through their internally-developed information system which analyzes sales data and automatically generates orders and delivery schedules.
Toyota India's digital presence and website (www.toyotabharat.com) were analyzed. The website ranks highly in India for the automotive industry and receives around 240,000 average monthly visits. Most visits are from search engines. The website scores well on performance, mobility, SEO, and security based on analysis tools. Toyota performs above industry averages on Facebook and Twitter with frequent posts. Recommendations include reducing the number of page requests to improve loading speed, and addressing render blocking from JavaScript and CSS.
In the fashion industry everything is about change and changing trends. It is a fast-paced business with short product life cycles and immediate customer response.
H&M and Zara are well known for delivering the latest designs to customers, partly in collaboration with famous fashion designers, at affordable prices. Both H&M and Zara are famous for their ‘fast fashion’—their ability to respond quickly to changing market trends with new collections—in a manner that appears to be different to the rest of the industry. Their success in this industry can be seen to rest on their strategic positioning and specific strategic and threshold capabilities
Balaji Wafers was founded in 1974 in Rajkot, India by Chandubhai Virani and his brothers. It is a leading manufacturer of potato chips and namkeen, with over 5000 employees. Balaji Wafers aims to provide affordable snacks accessible across India through a large distribution network. Their vision is to grow into a global brand while maintaining traditions of trust and quality. Balaji Wafers dominates the Indian potato and vegetable chips market, increasing its share from 9.5% in 2008 to 13.7% in 2012.
Sweden has a developed economy aided by industries like timber, hydropower, and iron ore. IKEA is a major Swedish company that designs and sells assembled furniture worldwide. It was founded in 1943 and has annual revenue over $35 billion. IKEA offers affordable, well-designed home furnishings and has a mission to make products accessible to as many people as possible.
Cargills (Ceylon) PLC is a Sri Lankan corporate established in 1844 with a strong foundation of values and ethics. It spearheads sustainable food industry development in Sri Lanka. Cargills has over 10,000 employees across 17 subsidiaries and operates franchises for KFC, T.G.I. Friday's, and other brands. The company has departments for human resources, accounts, production, sales, marketing, and information systems to support its vision of being a global corporate role model through affordable food services. Management roles include strategic, tactical, and operational levels to make decisions across these functional areas.
GLUCO biscuit product Marketing Plan - MBA 437 MarketingStuart Gow
Product
The company will launch an all new product into the Fiji and South Pacific Regional marketplace. It is aimed primarily as a Glucose Biscuit for the School Lunch Market.
The company seeks to fulfill the following benefits with the GLUCO biscuit product:
Healthy alternatives to candy: aimed at mothers looking for a lower sugar and added health benefits in a snack for their children
Conveniently packaged in individual packs for daily lunch pack use
Weekly packs of 5, buying size for ease of budgeting and buying decision (5 schooldays a week)
Added Iron, Calcium and Vitamins (similar to breakfast cereals claims) as an added value
Company Background
GAKKS Ltd already has an established packaged foods business that has been successful in Fiji for over 15 years.
Packaged goods already produced: dried noodles, packet soups, herbs and spices.
Current factory operations management has found the space and the capital to produce the new biscuit line, and has produced costing as included in this Marketing Plan.
MBA 437 Marketing (Core Course)
Principles of marketing are discussed with reference to South Pacific products and services. Topics covered include: the role of marketing in the organisation and society, the marketing environment, customer markets and buyer behaviour, marketing research, market segmentation and positioning, the marketing mix, product life cycle, marketing planning, and the ethical consequences of marketing actions. The marketing function is regarded as a key ingredient in management and strategic planning. Continuous reference is made to both the domestic and international marketplace.
http://www.usp.ac.fj/index.php?id=mba437
Students
Anchiemona Latu
Georgina Atalifo
Karan Pranesh
Kirti Prasad
Stuart Gow
Capital market is absolutely a vital consider for the proper functioning of capitalistic economy, since they serve the channel funds from savers to borrowers. The securities market allows sound listed companies to raise additional capital quickly and cheaply, as they enjoy reputation. A vibrant and liquid securities market encourages increase in savings by offering attractive and rewarding securities in terms of higher return, lower risk and easy option for conversion to cash. Investors in Bangladesh became increasingly interested in equity markets because many entrepreneurs look for requirements from the equity markets for many reasons. In this connection Dhaka Stock Exchange Limited plays an integral part of the industrialization of the country. For this regard floating securities through IPO in the stock market is very analytical task and the whole procedure is the main focus of this report.
Beardo is an Indian company that manufactures natural grooming products for men with beards. It was founded in 2015 in Ahmedabad, India to address the lack of quality grooming options for men. Beardo has grown significantly since its founding, increasing its revenue by 63% between fiscal years 2019 and 2020. The company aims to provide affordable yet high-quality grooming products that satisfy its customers. It promotes its products through online campaigns and partnerships like naming Vicky Kaushal as a brand ambassador.
New products from market research A Kellogg's case study sameer lakhaniSAMEER LAKHANI
Kellogg's conducted extensive market research to develop a new product extension for their popular Crunchy Nut cereal brand. They began with secondary research to generate new product ideas, then used focus groups and surveys to evaluate concepts. The best performing idea was for Crunchy Nut Bites. Further qualitative and quantitative research helped refine the product design and packaging. In-home product trials were used to test consumer response and forecast first-year sales. The new Crunchy Nut Bites product launched successfully in 2008, becoming one of the best performing new breakfast cereals based on its sales performance in the first full year. The detailed market research process helped ensure the product extension was well-received by consumers.
Marks & Spencer is a British retailer founded in 1884 that sells clothing, home products, and food. It has traditionally targeted middle to high income customers in major UK cities. However, the UK market is becoming saturated and M&S's expansion efforts have not kept up with its growing product range. To address this, M&S plans to expand globally and increase sales and profits through continued innovation, acquisitions, and improved supply chain management.
Consumer buying behaviour presentation on FMCG product at BikanervalaSantosh Kumar
The document summarizes research conducted on consumer buying behavior for new food products launched by Bikanervala Food Pvt. Ltd. in India. A survey was conducted of over 80 consumers to understand their awareness and preferences of food brands like Bikanervala and Haldirams. The findings showed customers preferred Haldirams over Bikanervala due to taste, and they would switch to other brands if their preferred brand was unavailable. The recommendations included expanding Bikanervala's product range and outlet presence, improving brand awareness through advertising, and enhancing product quality to better compete with established brands like Haldirams.
Porter's five forces model analyzes the competitive intensity and profitability of an industry by examining five forces: the threat of substitute products or services, the threat of established rivals, the threat of new entrants, the bargaining power of suppliers, and the bargaining power of customers. These forces determine the microenvironment that affects a company's ability to serve its customers and earn profits. The five forces framework is used to analyze factors like competitive rivalry, suppliers' and customers' negotiating power, and the threat of substitutes and new competitors entering the market.
El documento describe la argumentación como un proceso que relaciona información para obtener conclusiones nuevas mediante el razonamiento crítico. Explica que la argumentación tiene como objetivo principal persuadir al lector de lo que se afirma. Además, detalla los componentes básicos de la argumentación, las técnicas y estructuras que se utilizan, y ofrece sugerencias para una buena argumentación.
This document analyzes the ethical dilemma faced by Raj, an employee for a small company. Raj must choose a supplier for a commodity order. One supplier offers Raj tickets to a cricket match to influence his decision. Accepting the tickets could compromise Raj's reputation for fairness and cost the company money if a better supplier is passed over. However, it would make Raj's son happy. The document examines this dilemma from Kantian and utilitarian ethical perspectives to determine the right course of action.
The document summarizes the biscuit and cookie market in Bangladesh. It finds that the market is growing at an average of 13% annually and is valued at approximately 7,000 crore BDT. The market is dominated by national giants like Olympic, Haque, and Reedisha, which control over 50% of the branded market. Urban and rural consumption is driving food industry growth in Bangladesh. The biscuit market is segmented into regular, family, and tikki packs, which have different popular products and regional strongholds across the country. Overall, the biscuit industry remains an emerging sector in Bangladesh.
Wal-Mart is the world's largest retailer, operating over 10,000 stores in 27 countries. It was founded in 1962 in Arkansas and has since grown significantly through global expansion. Wal-Mart offers a one-stop shopping experience for various product categories along with grocery. While it has had success in some international markets through acquisitions and partnerships, it also faced challenges breaking into other markets like Germany. In India, Wal-Mart has a joint venture with Bharti Enterprises operating wholesale cash-and-carry stores under the Best Price brand. Wal-Mart sees potential in India given the growth of the middle class and emerging retail market, but also faces restrictions and resistance in fully entering the country.
The document discusses D'Mart, a leading Indian retail chain. It outlines D'Mart's growth strategy, strengths like everyday low pricing, and weaknesses like slower expansion. Big Bazaar is a key competitor, with strengths like a wide product range but weaknesses in meeting store targets. The retail industry in India is growing rapidly, presenting opportunities for expansion into new areas. Online retailers and unorganized stores pose threats. Effective supply chain management is important for D'Mart's continued success.
This document provides an overview of marketing opportunities analysis and planning. It discusses identifying market opportunities through factors like target market and market size. Sources of opportunities include short supply, innovation, weak competitors, and changes in customer wants. The document also covers marketing environment scanning, strategic planning at the corporate and business unit levels, and tools for assigning resources like the BCG matrix and GE matrix. It provides details on the nature and contents of marketing plans.
ZARA's external and internal enviroment. This presentation covers the main characteristics of ZARA, a general view of fast fashion indystry, Porters' Five Forces Analysis, competitors' external environment as well as a complete internal analysis regarding:competences, capabilities, resources, competitive advantage,value chain and outsourcing.
Cargills is a leading supermarket chain in Sri Lanka with over 194 outlets. They have implemented unique supply chain strategies that have led to their success. Cargills collects produce directly from over 5,000 farmers through 10 collection centers, cutting out middlemen and ensuring higher prices for farmers and lower prices for customers. They also use their own distribution network to deliver goods through separate routes for perishables and branded products. Cargills' supply chain is coordinated through their internally-developed information system which analyzes sales data and automatically generates orders and delivery schedules.
Toyota India's digital presence and website (www.toyotabharat.com) were analyzed. The website ranks highly in India for the automotive industry and receives around 240,000 average monthly visits. Most visits are from search engines. The website scores well on performance, mobility, SEO, and security based on analysis tools. Toyota performs above industry averages on Facebook and Twitter with frequent posts. Recommendations include reducing the number of page requests to improve loading speed, and addressing render blocking from JavaScript and CSS.
In the fashion industry everything is about change and changing trends. It is a fast-paced business with short product life cycles and immediate customer response.
H&M and Zara are well known for delivering the latest designs to customers, partly in collaboration with famous fashion designers, at affordable prices. Both H&M and Zara are famous for their ‘fast fashion’—their ability to respond quickly to changing market trends with new collections—in a manner that appears to be different to the rest of the industry. Their success in this industry can be seen to rest on their strategic positioning and specific strategic and threshold capabilities
Balaji Wafers was founded in 1974 in Rajkot, India by Chandubhai Virani and his brothers. It is a leading manufacturer of potato chips and namkeen, with over 5000 employees. Balaji Wafers aims to provide affordable snacks accessible across India through a large distribution network. Their vision is to grow into a global brand while maintaining traditions of trust and quality. Balaji Wafers dominates the Indian potato and vegetable chips market, increasing its share from 9.5% in 2008 to 13.7% in 2012.
Sweden has a developed economy aided by industries like timber, hydropower, and iron ore. IKEA is a major Swedish company that designs and sells assembled furniture worldwide. It was founded in 1943 and has annual revenue over $35 billion. IKEA offers affordable, well-designed home furnishings and has a mission to make products accessible to as many people as possible.
Cargills (Ceylon) PLC is a Sri Lankan corporate established in 1844 with a strong foundation of values and ethics. It spearheads sustainable food industry development in Sri Lanka. Cargills has over 10,000 employees across 17 subsidiaries and operates franchises for KFC, T.G.I. Friday's, and other brands. The company has departments for human resources, accounts, production, sales, marketing, and information systems to support its vision of being a global corporate role model through affordable food services. Management roles include strategic, tactical, and operational levels to make decisions across these functional areas.
GLUCO biscuit product Marketing Plan - MBA 437 MarketingStuart Gow
Product
The company will launch an all new product into the Fiji and South Pacific Regional marketplace. It is aimed primarily as a Glucose Biscuit for the School Lunch Market.
The company seeks to fulfill the following benefits with the GLUCO biscuit product:
Healthy alternatives to candy: aimed at mothers looking for a lower sugar and added health benefits in a snack for their children
Conveniently packaged in individual packs for daily lunch pack use
Weekly packs of 5, buying size for ease of budgeting and buying decision (5 schooldays a week)
Added Iron, Calcium and Vitamins (similar to breakfast cereals claims) as an added value
Company Background
GAKKS Ltd already has an established packaged foods business that has been successful in Fiji for over 15 years.
Packaged goods already produced: dried noodles, packet soups, herbs and spices.
Current factory operations management has found the space and the capital to produce the new biscuit line, and has produced costing as included in this Marketing Plan.
MBA 437 Marketing (Core Course)
Principles of marketing are discussed with reference to South Pacific products and services. Topics covered include: the role of marketing in the organisation and society, the marketing environment, customer markets and buyer behaviour, marketing research, market segmentation and positioning, the marketing mix, product life cycle, marketing planning, and the ethical consequences of marketing actions. The marketing function is regarded as a key ingredient in management and strategic planning. Continuous reference is made to both the domestic and international marketplace.
http://www.usp.ac.fj/index.php?id=mba437
Students
Anchiemona Latu
Georgina Atalifo
Karan Pranesh
Kirti Prasad
Stuart Gow
Capital market is absolutely a vital consider for the proper functioning of capitalistic economy, since they serve the channel funds from savers to borrowers. The securities market allows sound listed companies to raise additional capital quickly and cheaply, as they enjoy reputation. A vibrant and liquid securities market encourages increase in savings by offering attractive and rewarding securities in terms of higher return, lower risk and easy option for conversion to cash. Investors in Bangladesh became increasingly interested in equity markets because many entrepreneurs look for requirements from the equity markets for many reasons. In this connection Dhaka Stock Exchange Limited plays an integral part of the industrialization of the country. For this regard floating securities through IPO in the stock market is very analytical task and the whole procedure is the main focus of this report.
Beardo is an Indian company that manufactures natural grooming products for men with beards. It was founded in 2015 in Ahmedabad, India to address the lack of quality grooming options for men. Beardo has grown significantly since its founding, increasing its revenue by 63% between fiscal years 2019 and 2020. The company aims to provide affordable yet high-quality grooming products that satisfy its customers. It promotes its products through online campaigns and partnerships like naming Vicky Kaushal as a brand ambassador.
New products from market research A Kellogg's case study sameer lakhaniSAMEER LAKHANI
Kellogg's conducted extensive market research to develop a new product extension for their popular Crunchy Nut cereal brand. They began with secondary research to generate new product ideas, then used focus groups and surveys to evaluate concepts. The best performing idea was for Crunchy Nut Bites. Further qualitative and quantitative research helped refine the product design and packaging. In-home product trials were used to test consumer response and forecast first-year sales. The new Crunchy Nut Bites product launched successfully in 2008, becoming one of the best performing new breakfast cereals based on its sales performance in the first full year. The detailed market research process helped ensure the product extension was well-received by consumers.
Marks & Spencer is a British retailer founded in 1884 that sells clothing, home products, and food. It has traditionally targeted middle to high income customers in major UK cities. However, the UK market is becoming saturated and M&S's expansion efforts have not kept up with its growing product range. To address this, M&S plans to expand globally and increase sales and profits through continued innovation, acquisitions, and improved supply chain management.
Consumer buying behaviour presentation on FMCG product at BikanervalaSantosh Kumar
The document summarizes research conducted on consumer buying behavior for new food products launched by Bikanervala Food Pvt. Ltd. in India. A survey was conducted of over 80 consumers to understand their awareness and preferences of food brands like Bikanervala and Haldirams. The findings showed customers preferred Haldirams over Bikanervala due to taste, and they would switch to other brands if their preferred brand was unavailable. The recommendations included expanding Bikanervala's product range and outlet presence, improving brand awareness through advertising, and enhancing product quality to better compete with established brands like Haldirams.
Porter's five forces model analyzes the competitive intensity and profitability of an industry by examining five forces: the threat of substitute products or services, the threat of established rivals, the threat of new entrants, the bargaining power of suppliers, and the bargaining power of customers. These forces determine the microenvironment that affects a company's ability to serve its customers and earn profits. The five forces framework is used to analyze factors like competitive rivalry, suppliers' and customers' negotiating power, and the threat of substitutes and new competitors entering the market.
El documento describe la argumentación como un proceso que relaciona información para obtener conclusiones nuevas mediante el razonamiento crítico. Explica que la argumentación tiene como objetivo principal persuadir al lector de lo que se afirma. Además, detalla los componentes básicos de la argumentación, las técnicas y estructuras que se utilizan, y ofrece sugerencias para una buena argumentación.
This document analyzes the ethical dilemma faced by Raj, an employee for a small company. Raj must choose a supplier for a commodity order. One supplier offers Raj tickets to a cricket match to influence his decision. Accepting the tickets could compromise Raj's reputation for fairness and cost the company money if a better supplier is passed over. However, it would make Raj's son happy. The document examines this dilemma from Kantian and utilitarian ethical perspectives to determine the right course of action.
Recomendacoes para digitalização de documentos arquívisticos permanentes - Co...Colaborativismo
Este documento apresenta recomendações para a digitalização de documentos arquivísticos permanentes no Brasil, abordando padrões técnicos e metodologia para a captura digital de imagens, formatos digitais, armazenamento e preservação dos arquivos digitais.
Culture is defined as the learned behaviors, traditions, and beliefs shared by a society that are transmitted through social learning. It encompasses symbols, heroes, rituals, values, norms, and attitudes that shape how people interact and live together. A culture influences many aspects of society including business, education, religion, and perceptions of time. Understanding a culture is essential for international business success as cultural distance and ethnocentrism can lead to failures if a culture is not properly understood and accommodated.
Coletanea de legislação arquivística e correlata - ConarqColaborativismo
Este documento fornece um resumo da legislação arquivística brasileira, incluindo leis federais, decretos federais e medidas provisórias relacionadas a arquivos públicos e privados. A legislação trata de questões como proteção do patrimônio histórico e artístico, microfilmagem de documentos, acesso a informações, regulamentação da profissão de arquivista e políticas nacionais de arquivos.
This document provides an overview of business ethics and social responsibility. It defines business ethics as the principles and standards that determine acceptable conduct in business. It uses the example of Enron, where top executives were found guilty of misconduct related to hiding the company's financial condition. The document discusses how ethical issues can arise in for-profit companies as well as government and sports. It emphasizes that most decisions are judged as right or wrong, ethical or unethical, and this can affect an organization's relationships and reputation. The document also provides guidance on recognizing ethical issues in business and evaluating the ethics of decisions from different perspectives.
The document presents information on turbochargers for internal combustion engines. It discusses that a turbocharger uses an engine's exhaust gases to power a turbine, which spins a compressor to increase the mass of air entering the engine. This results in greater engine performance and power. The key components of a turbocharger are the turbine, compressor, and center housing. The objective is to improve volumetric efficiency by compressing ambient air before it enters the intake manifold at a higher pressure, allowing more air into the cylinders per stroke. The exhaust gases drive the turbine which powers the compressor, converting the exhaust's potential energy into rotational energy to drive the compressor.
This document discusses the political and legal environments that international businesses must navigate. It defines key concepts like political systems, ideologies, and forms of government. Totalitarianism and its various forms are explained. Characteristics of democratic governments are provided. The document also covers types of political risk, host government actions, establishing political strategies, and different legal systems. Regulatory changes are outlined regarding how companies can alter, avoid, accede to, or ally with government actions.
Presentation in Norwegian on Internet of Things and Privacy.
Presentation is mostly images and bullet points, not intended as a standalone presentation.
Persuasive Resume - Cover Letter - Job Letter WritingFaHaD .H. NooR
these slides will help you writing persuasive cover letter, resume and job letter.
Job seekers frequently send a cover letter along with their curriculum vitae or applications for employment as a way of introducing themselves to potential employers and explaining their suitability for the desired positions. Employers may look for individualized and thoughtfully written cover letters as one method of screening out applicants who are not sufficiently interested in their positions or who lack necessary basic skills.
The functional résumé is used to focus on skills that are specific to the type of position being sought. This format directly emphasizes specific professional capabilities and utilizes experience summaries as its primary means of communicating professional competency. In contrast, the chronological résumé format will briefly highlight these competencies prior to presenting a comprehensive timeline of career growth through reverse chronological listings, with the most recent experience listed first. The functional résumé works well for those making a career change, having a varied work history or with little work experience. A functional résumé is also preferred for applications to jobs that require very specific skills or clearly defined personality traits. A functional résumé is a good method for highlighting particular skills or experiences, especially when those particular skills or experiences may have derived from a role which was held some time ago. Rather than focus on the length of time that has passed, the functional résumé allows the reader to identify those skills quickly.
This document provides an overview of business ethics, outlining several key issues and topics within the field. It discusses the history of business and money, then covers general issues in business ethics like corporate social responsibility. It also examines specific areas of business ethics including accounting, human resource management, sales and marketing, production, intellectual property, technology, and international business. It concludes by discussing theoretical issues in business ethics and the importance of ethics in business.
Faculty of Business and Law
aCADEMIC YEAR 2018/19
assessment brief
Module Code:
UMKD6R-15-3
Module Title:
Marketing Services
Submission Deadline:
Wednesday 13th March 2019
Assessment Component
Coursework
Assessment Weighting:
50 per cent of total module mark
Marking and feedback deadline (20 working days)
10th April 2019
Assessment Instructions
This is an individual case-based assignment that requires you to answer a question in relation to the case study below: ‘Woodchurch Furniture’.
Question: Using services marketing theory, analyse and explain Woodchurch’s loss of customersand recommendhow it might improve the customer experience. (100 marks)
General Guidance
· The coursework requires you to select and apply theories, frameworks, and concepts from the first six study units of the module.
· It is your decision as to what theories/frameworks/concepts to use to inform your answer. There is no recommended minimum or maximum number, but generally, quality of application is more important than the quantity of frameworks applied.
· Remember that the requirement is to apply rather than describe theory.
· You may use subheadings in your answer, but avoid excessive use of bullet points.
· Do not reiterate passages from the case study. Obviously, you will need to refer to the case, but do this as succinctly as you can.
· Evidence of relevant reading beyond the lecture slides, with appropriate application of this reading, will be rewarded. Besides textbooks, you may want to explore relevant articles from Journal of Services Marketing,Journal of Service Research, or Service Industries Journal. Other journals will haverelevant articles, but, as implied by their titles, these three focus on services.
· Include a title page, contents, and references. There is no need for an abstract or executive summary. Please number your pages.
Marking Criteria
Please see the grid below:
Criteria
Grading
Analysis (35%)
Recommendations (35%)
Structure (20%)
Literacy, presentation, referencing (10%)
80-100 PASS
Exceptional
Insightful analysis with originality of thought. Identifies underlying issue(s). Excellent application of theory. Demonstrates excellent integration of relevant literature from outside the module reading list.
Highly appropriate, with originality of thought. Consistent with issues raised in the analysis. Exceptional clarity and detail. Supported wherever possible by theory / literature.
Exceptional organization and flow of material with excellent connections between ideas. Introduction is specific and signposts. Conclusion synthesises and may highlight implications of recommendations.
Exceptional standard of literacy and presentation. Near faultless referencing.
70-79 PASS
Excellent
Insightful analysis. Identifies underlying issue(s). Excellent application of theory. Demonstrates excellent integration of relevant literature from outside the module reading list.
Excellent and appropriate, with some originality of thought. Consist.
The document discusses using rubrics for grading assessments. It provides tips on developing rubrics and outlines criteria to consider, such as validity, reliability, and transparency. It also introduces some online tools that can help with rubric-based grading, including the Assignments tool and PostEm tool in Sulis and Turnitin Feedback Studio. Turnitin Feedback Studio allows instructors to provide detailed feedback and integrate with the Assignments tool in Sulis, though grades do not directly transfer back. The document provides guidance on aligning rubric criteria with learning outcomes and constructing descriptive standards and levels of performance.
Assignment Marking Criteria and FeedbackStrengths of this as.docxhoward4little59962
Assignment Marking Criteria and Feedback
Strengths of this assignment and how it might be improved:
Your introduction is not terribly relevant. You would do better to keep it simple and signpost the reader.
Your analysis begins with a generic description of the problems associated with intangibility. Remember that this assignment is about the application of theory rather than description. The remainder of your analysis highlights some of the issues in the case study. However, there is no application of theory. You could have used any one of a number of frameworks to frame your analysis and give it greater depth: Servuction model, Flower of Service, Gaps model, etc. Furthermore, I would like to see you explain the reasons for these problems. In this case study, the lack of service culture is a significant issue.
With regard to recommendations, it would again be better if you approach the task in a more systematic way rather than making random suggestions with no indication as to which problems these activities will resolve. For example, are testimonials a priority? Given that the service being offered is poor, there may not be many customers with anything positive to say. Wouldn’t it be better to fix underlying issues first? You recommend personal selling and communications but there is a lack of detail and no explanation as to what problems these activities would address. You recommend that the company needs to act on the feedback it receives (page 6), but you do not say how. Similarly, recommendations like personalised service might be relevant but you do not say what this means in practice.
Overall, there is a lack of application of theory to this response. You need to look back over the lecture slides and use appropriate models to frame your analysis and recommendations. While what you write is sound, it does not directly address the case study. There is insufficient detail.
Very limited reference list (because of the lack of theory in the response). Remember that references should be in alphabetical order.
assessment brief
Module Title:
Marketing Services
Submission Deadline:
Tuesday 12th July 2019
Assessment Component
Coursework (RESIT)
Assessment Weighting:
50 per cent of total module mark
Marking and feedback deadline (20 working days)
13th August 2019
Assessment Instructions
This is an individual case-based assignment that requires you to answer a question in relation to the case study below: ‘Best Car Hire’.
Question: Using services marketing theory, analyse and explain Best’s loss of customersand recommendhow it might improve the customer experience. (100 marks)
General Guidance
· The coursework requires you to select and apply theories, frameworks, and concepts from the first six study units of the module.
· It is your decision as to what theories/frameworks/concepts to use to inform your answer. There is no recommended minimum or maximum number, but generally, quality of application is more important than the quantity.
The student received a categorical mark of 2:1 for their literature review task. The assessor provided strengths and suggestions for improvement. Key strengths included an introduction that set the background well, a range of primary research was summarized cohesively, and an academic writing style was demonstrated. Suggestions for improvement included adding more of the student's own opinions on the studies' claims, considering other diagnostic techniques, including further subheadings, and minor formatting issues. The student commented they will focus on critical analysis and improving presentation in future work.
This document provides guidance on writing a research proposal for an independent study project. It outlines the core components of a good proposal, including clearly defining the research question, reviewing relevant literature, describing the proposed methodology, and establishing a timeframe. A good proposal shows the importance and relevance of the research question, demonstrates the student's expertise through the literature review, and outlines an appropriate research design and methodology. The proposal serves to convince the supervisor of the study's value and demonstrates the student's competency and planning.
The document provides guidance on drafting a research proposal. It discusses the key elements of a research proposal including an introduction, literature review, methodology, expected results, budget, and bibliography. It emphasizes that a proposal establishes the researcher's plan of action and investigation and justifies the need for the study. A good proposal convinces readers that the proposed research is important and the methodology is sound.
This document provides instructions for an individual assessment requiring students to critically evaluate a company website. Students must research and analyze a company website based on its digital information systems, business model, target audience, customer relationship management, and areas for improvement. The assignment must be 2500 words, include adequate academic references in Harvard style, and be submitted online by the specified deadline to be assessed. The report will be evaluated on the application of business theory, identification of concepts, evaluation of the company's e-business approach, depth and clarity of analysis, quality of recommendations, and presentation/referencing.
This document provides feedback on a literature review completed by student Dorobantu, Adina. The assessor provides strengths of the literature review, including clear writing, wide range of literature covered, good scientific detail and critical analysis. Suggestions for improvement include being more critical of information presented, focusing on either pathogenic mechanisms or therapeutic strategies in more detail, and standardizing the bibliography presentation. The student comments they will use the feedback to improve future work.
Assessment Information
Subject Code: BUS606
Subject Name: Business Research Proposal and Literature Review
Assessment Title: Assessment 3 – Final Research Proposal and Literature
Review
Weighting: 40 %
Total Marks:
Length:
40
3000 (not including reference list)
Due Date: Submission due Week 12 – Sunday at 11.59 pm
COURSE: Master of Business (Research)
Unit: Business Research Proposal and Literature Review
Unit Code: BUS606
Type of
Assessment:
Assessment 3 – Final Research Proposal and Literature Review
Unit Learning
Outcomes
addressed:
(a) Demonstrate an advanced ability to initiate and prepare an
original research proposal.
(b) Demonstrate an advanced ability to prepare a literature
review based on the support of an original research
proposal.
(c) Demonstrate a critical appreciation of the ethical issues
associated with an original research proposal and their
implications for the research and for the acceptability of the
research by an ethics review committee.
(d) Critically evaluate the coherence, relevance and
methodological merits of a given body of literature.
(e) Demonstrate a critical understanding of the theoretical,
practical and professional contexts and significance of the
research.
(f) Prepare a literature review that identifies and discriminates
between concepts, issues, key findings and relevant
theories most pertinent to the research proposal which the
review supports.
Criteria for
Assessment:
Knowledge and Understanding
Content and exploration of theories and ideas
Analysis, synthesis and critical engagement
Technical skills and referencing
Assessment Task:
In this task, you will develop a research proposal for a research
project addressing Leadership and Management issues that is
aligned to one of the Research Clusters in the School of Business.
This research proposal will be used to allocate your Research
Supervisors who will be appointed to supervisor your Master of
Business Research thesis and will also be reviewed by the
Research Committee to complete your Confirmation of Candidature
requirements.
Drawing on your synthesis of the existing research literature in
business and allied fields, you will identify a research question
based on the theoretical, professional, or organizational 'gap' for a
business problem that your proposed research will address. You will
analyze the implications of various theoretical approaches in order
to choose and develop an appropriate theoretical framework for
your research. You will analyze the strengths and weaknesses of
various methodological approaches before choosing and justifying a
preferred methodology for your research.
You research proposal and literature review should comprise the
following sections:
Research Project Title: A working title for the Master of Business
Research thesis that is no more than 12 words
Research Cluster: Identify ...
This feedback form summarizes an assessment of a student's immunology and microbiology essay. The marker identified strengths in the student's use of figures and engagement with current literature, but weaknesses in essay structure, referencing errors, and lack of depth. Suggestions for improvement include addressing spelling and grammar errors, increasing use of journal articles, improving essay flow and narrative, and adding more specific details about bacterial species and effects on the microbiome. The student intends to use this feedback to greatly improve essay structure, referencing format, and add more depth and complexity in future work.
EDGR 601: Educational Research– Critical Assessment
Week Four Assignment: Literature Review
Rubric: INTASC Research CA 1.0
CAEP Standard: 1.1
Assessment Context:
This assessment is used in the M.Ed. Curriculum & Instruction program, the M.Ed. in Administration program, the M.Ed. in Educational Leadership program, the
M.Ed. in Career and Technical Education program, and the M.Ed. in Special Education program. The assessment measures the candidate’s understanding and
application of research methodologies in education. The minimum passing score for this critical assessment is 88 points.
Note: This course includes this assignment as a critical assessment documenting your learning on the national standards listed below. Please see the course
syllabus or further information on the critical assessment policy. It is important to review the materials below and the assignment rubric in Taskstream before
you begin this assignment. You must also complete the Student Reflection Survey (see below) as part of your submission.
InTASC
Standard #4: Content Knowledge: The teacher understands the central concepts, tools of inquiry, and structures of the discipline(s) he or she teaches and
creates learning experiences that make these aspects of the discipline accessible and meaningful for learners to assure mastery of the content.
4(j) The teacher understands major concepts, assumptions, debates, processes of inquiry, and ways of knowing that are central to the discipline(s) s/he
teaches.
Standard #5: Application of Content: The teacher understands how to connect concepts and use differing perspective to engage learners in critical thinking,
creativity, and collaborative problem solving related to authentic local and global issues.
5(k) The teacher understands the demand of accessing and managing information as well as how to evaluate issues of ethics and quality related to
information and its use.
Standard #10: Leadership and Collaboration: The teacher seeks appropriate leadership roles and opportunities to take responsibility for student learning, to
collaborate with learners, families, colleagues, other school professionals, and community members to ensure learner growth, and to advance the profession.
10(f) The teacher engages in professional learning, contributes to the knowledge and skill of others, and works collaboratively to advance professional
practice.
Assignment Directions:
Write a 5- to 8-page literature review related to your research question or thesis statement. Your textbook (McMillan, 2012) includes an excellent definition of,
and step-by-step instructions for, writing a literature review in chapter 3. Use the following instructions to complete your literature review.
1. In addition to the research articles you found earlier this week, locate and use 2-5 additional sources related to your research question or thesis
statement.
2. Analyze the literature and write a scholar ...
How to write a research proposal UP.pptally Truong
The document provides guidelines for writing a good research proposal. It discusses that a research proposal introduces and justifies a plan of action for investigating a problem. It should identify the problem being studied, why it needs to be studied, the research methodology including variables, data collection techniques, and a work plan with timetable and resources required. The proposal preparation section notes that a proposal should convince readers that the proposed research is worthwhile and the researcher is competent to complete it. It should address what will be accomplished, why, and how through various elements like the title, abstract, introduction, literature review, methods, and discussion.
This document contains an assessment grid that was used to evaluate a student's literature review. The criteria assessed include the use of research sources, scientific content, argument and analysis, essay structure, academic writing style, presentation and grammar, and citation and referencing format. For each criterion, descriptors are provided for performance levels ranging from 0-20% to 80-100%. The student received a total score of 62/100. Strengths noted were the inclusion of figures and engagement with scientific style. Suggestions for improvement included providing more in-depth scientific explanations, defining all abbreviations, including more primary references, and improving coherence and flow. The student acknowledged the need to write more deeply and coherently explain concepts.
BUSI 443Case Study 3 Instructions Recruiting and Selecting High.docxRAHUL126667
BUSI 443
Case Study 3 Instructions: Recruiting and Selecting High-Level Managers through the Internet
You will complete the “Recruiting and Selecting High-Level Managers through the Internet” case in the Nkomo et al. text (#35 on pp. 112–113, 2011). You will write a 3–5-page essay (total does not include title page or reference page) that answers the 4 questions (1–4) on p. 113. Do not simply answer the questions. This is an essay and must be written to include an introduction, body, and conclusion. It may prove helpful to use the topic of the questions (advantages and disadvantages of internet recruitment and selection, the three approaches to online recruiting and selection, etc.) as section headers in your essay. Your response must be supported by at least 2 peer-reviewed resources. These resources must have been published within the last 5 years. Do not use other textbooks. The essay must be written in current APA format and include a title page, reference page, and in-text citations.
Note: This case study will not use the “small groups” described on p. 113 to answer the 4 questions.
Submit your assignment through SafeAssign as a draft to check for plagiarism before submitting it for points.
Data Analysis Plan
Details:
After the data are collected and before program evaluators meet with management, the data must be analyzed to ensure that it will provide the right type of information for the evaluation. Of vital importance is ensuring that the data fit the indicators identified for analysis. Then, it must be decided how the data and results will be presented. It is important to present the information in ways that make it easy to understand, demonstrate relationships to other data, and allow the information to be used to support decision-making processes. In this assignment, you will write about the methods of analyzing and reporting the study data.
General Requirements:
Use the following information to ensure successful completion of the assignment:
· Locate the data collection procedures you developed in Module 5 to use as reference material for this assignment.
· Locate the mission statement and program description from the existing organization that you referenced in Module 2 to use as examples for this assignment.
· Instructors will be using a grading rubric to grade the assignments. It is recommended that learners review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment in order to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.
· Doctoral learners are required to use APA style for their writing assignments. The APA Style Guide is located in the Student Success Center.
· This assignment requires that at least two additional scholarly research sources related to this topic, and at least one in-text citation from each source be included.
· You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.
Directions:
Based on ...
This document provides instructions for a marketing assignment for an undergraduate course. Students are asked to select an electric car brand with a presence in the UK market and write a 3,000-word report evaluating the brand's marketing challenges, current activities, and trends. The document provides learning outcomes, submission guidelines, assessment criteria, and a sample electric car brand analysis for Renault Zoe to guide students on the requirements and format of the assignment.
An overview on doing a literature review for a mutli-disciplinary professionals (physicians, engineers, and IT) covering some tips & tricks on organization (using Papers Software for literature files management, MindMapping for Literature Mapping, EndNote for bibliography program). It shows some examples of Citation Maps from Web of Science.
This document provides a rubric for grading thesis and research manuscripts submitted to the Department of Health & Human Performance at Texas A&M University-Commerce. It evaluates documents on criteria such as the significance of the topic, clarity of purpose and research questions, thoroughness of the literature review, appropriateness of the research methods, accuracy and insightfulness of the results and discussion, proper formatting, and demonstration of knowledge in the field of study. Documents are graded on a scale of 1 to 4, with 1 being "Beginning" and 4 being "Mastery," to indicate their readiness to be submitted for publication or professional presentation.
Top of FormBenchmark Assignment - Analysis of a Theoretical Fram.docxturveycharlyn
Top of Form
Benchmark Assignment - Analysis of a Theoretical Framework for Leadership
1
Unsatisfactory
0.00%
2
Less than Satisfactory
74.00%
3
Satisfactory
79.00%
4
Good
87.00%
5
Excellent
100.00%
70.0 %Content
20.0 %Selection of Book About a Leader Who Chose Leadership as a Vocation
Does not select a book about a leader or provide an explanation as to why that person chose leadership as a vocation.
Selection of a book about a leader as well as explanation of why that person chose leadership as a vocation is incomplete or insufficient. Evidence to justify conclusions is vague or irrelevant. Subject knowledge is unclear or inconsistent.
Presents an elemental selection of a book about a leader as well as explanation of why that person chose leadership as a vocation. Some subject knowledge is evident.
Presents a selection of a book about a leader as well as explanation of why that person chose leadership as a vocation. Detailed examples and evidence are included. Subject knowledge is competent.
Presents a thorough and fully-developed selection of a book about a leader as well as explanation of why that person chose leadership as a vocation. Offers detailed evidence that justifies conclusions about the selection and explanation. Includes relevant examples and applicable insight. Demonstrates comprehensive subject knowledge and understanding.
25.0 %Theoretical Framework, Style, and Leadership Traits present in the Work 2.1: Analyze theories of leadership and motivation in order to inspire followership.
Does not examine the theoretical framework, style, and leadership traits that present in the selected work as well as how the individual has adopted leadership as their vocation.
Examination of the theoretical framework, style, and leadership traits that present in the selected work as well as how the individual has adopted leadership as their vocation is incomplete or insufficient. Evidence to justify conclusions is vague and/or irrelevant. Subject knowledge is unclear and/or inconsistent.
Presents an elemental examination of the theoretical framework, style, and leadership traits that present in the selected work as well as how the individual has adopted leadership as their vocation. Some subject knowledge is evident.
Presents an examination of the theoretical framework, style, and leadership traits that present in the selected work as well as how the individual has adopted leadership as their vocation. Detailed examples and evidence are included. Subject knowledge is competent.
Presents a thorough and fully-developed examination of the theoretical framework, style, and leadership traits that present in the selected work as well as how the individual has adopted leadership as their vocation. Offers detailed evidence that justifies conclusions about the examination. Includes relevant examples and applicable insight. Demonstrates comprehensive subject knowledge and understanding.
25.0 %Qualities and Shortcomings of the Selected Leader
Does not ...
The document provides guidance for writing a lab report, including formatting requirements and expectations for each section. Key details include:
- The lab report should be 3000 words excluding certain sections and include an abstract, tables/graphs, and references.
- Sections should include a title, abstract, introduction, method, results, discussion, and references. The introduction should include a literature review, rationale for the study, and hypothesis.
- The method section should describe the design, variables, participants, materials, and procedure. The results section should present findings clearly. The discussion should interpret results in the context of previous research.
- Guidance is provided for writing each section clearly and objectively, following the conventions of scientific writing
1. 0
140059924
Module Code 3BM150 Module Title Business Ethics
Level BA Module Tutor Peter Watt
Credit Value of
Module
20 Feedback Process
Type of Submission Electronic
upload to
Moodle
using Turnitin
Expected Feedback Date By 5PM, 26/1/17
Assessment Task A critical review essay
Weighting 75% Word Count 3733
Due Dates
(Published Deadlines)
Formal summative assessed essay
Deadline Thursday 5 January 2016, by 5pm
Assessment Regulations
2. 1
140059924
YORK ST JOHN UNIVERSITY 140059924
THE UGLY TRUTH: ETHICAL
BUSINESS IN WALMARTS IN
WALMART
3. 2
140059924
Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................1
Business Ethics- An Overview........................................................................................................1
Grey Area.................................................................................................................................2
Walmart Brief Overview................................................................................................................ 2
Stakeholder Analysis..................................................................................................................... 2
Employees................................................................................................................................ 3
Consumers................................................................................................................................ 3
Competitors.............................................................................................................................. 4
Ethical Challenges......................................................................................................................... 5
Employeesand Mistreatment....................................................................................................5
Consumers and Conservative Ways............................................................................................ 6
Competitors and Monopolizing..................................................................................................6
Recommendations........................................................................................................................ 7
Employee’s Recommendations...................................................................................................7
Consumers’ Recommendations..................................................................................................7
Competitor’s Recommendations ................................................................................................ 8
Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................8
References...................................................................................................................................9
I Eloise Shaw declare thatI am the sole authorof thisassignmentandthe workis a resultof my own
investigations,exceptwhere otherwise stated.All referenceshave beendulycited
4. 0
140059924
ASSESSMENTand gradingCRITERIA
Assessed
Components
A* A B C D F (fail) F (fail) 0
(100-85) (84 - 70) (69 - 60) (59 - 50) (49 - 40) (39 -20) (19 - 1) F (0)
Knowledge &
Understanding
Workofoutstandingperformance Excellent
understanding of a
w ide range of
ideas
Comprehensive
literature review
that makes a clear
attempt to cover as
much of the field as
possible w ithin the
constraints of
space
Excellent relevant,
correct and
comparative use of
a range of theories
w ith excellent
ability to develop &
support an
argument lining to
theory and
academic
discussions.
Very good
understanding
of a range of
ideas
Literature
review which
covers main
authorities and
includes up to
date sources
froma range of
authorities
including recent
journal articles.
Very good relevant
and correct use of a
range of theories w ith
very good ability to
develop and support
an argument lining to
theory and academic
discussions.
Good
understanding of
relevant ideas
Literature review
appears to cover
main authorities
but lacks depth
and not clearly
linked w ith present
study. Use of a
few journalarticles
Good relevant and
largely correct use
of a range of
theories and
models w ith good
ability to develop &
support an
argument lining to
theory and
academic
discussions.
Fair understanding
of a few relevant
ideas
Literature review
lacking in range and
scholarship. Limited
to text books and
w ebsites.
Adequate use of
theory/model but w ith
many errors in
understanding of the
key principles.
Subject
know ledge is
poorly
demonstrated
Literature
review is limited
and does not
link to the
assessment
brief
Limited use of
theory/model,
w ith
demonstration
of substantial
errors in
understanding
Non serious attempt
No or very poor
Literature review or
not related to study
Fails to identify ANY
relevant
theory/models and
principles to the
selected
organisations.
Workofnoorlittlevalueoorrleveancetotheassignmentbrief
Analysis &
Evaluation
Excellent ability to
analyse, evaluate,
compare and
construct values
Analyticaland
comparative w ith
substantive links to
research data and
Accurate analysis
and very good
evaluation
Predominantly
analyticalw ith good
links to research
data and
Good analysis and
sound evaluation
Predominantly
descriptive but some
evidence of analytical
thought, w ith good
know ledge base, and
good interpretation
Fair analysis
w ith some
evaluation
Complete but
w holly
descriptive, w ith
adequate
know ledge
Weak
analysis and
evaluation
Wholly
descriptive
and
incomplete.
Lacking in
Non-serious attempt
No or very limited
analysis and
evaluation
Wholly descriptive
w ith MAJOR key
omissions, w ithout
any understanding of
5. 1
140059924
development of
coherent academic
discussions with
excellent
understanding and
detailed know ledge
base, and excellent
interpretation and
application of theory
to evaluate the
impacts and
benefits of business
ethics.
development of
coherent academic
discussions with
very good
know ledge base,
and very good
interpretation and
application of
theory to evaluate
the impacts and
benefits of business
ethics.
and application of
theory to evaluate the
impacts and benefits
of business ethics.
base, and
adequate
interpretation
and application
of theory to
evaluate the
impacts and
benefits of
business ethics.
understandin
g. Poor
know ledge
base. Poor
interpretation
and
application to
given issue.
the topic. No
evaluation or
evidence of critical
thinking.
Research&
Enquiry
Rigorous and
sustained
enquiry w ith
excellent
outcomes
Excellent range
of appropriate
sources
including journal
articles, books
and alternative
sources
Accurate and
consistent enquiry
using appropriate
methods
Very good range of
appropriate sources
including journal
articles, books and
alternative sources
Consistent
approach draw ing
on a range of
sources
Good range of
appropriate
sources including
journal articles,
books and
alternative
sources
Relevant methods of
enquiry w ith some
inconsistencies
Range of sources
used but over
reliance on w ebsites
and low er level
sources or few
sources used
Little evidence of
research or
understanding of
appropriate
approaches
Some sources used
but over reliance on
w ebsites and lower
level sources
Non serious attempt
Too few sourcesused
Presentation &
Referencing
Technically
excellent,
accurate
referencing and
presentation
Excellent
presentation and
structure following
guidance
provided
Excellent
application of
Harvard system
w ith no missed
citations and
Accurate and
consistent
referencing and
presentation
Very good
presentation and
structure following
guidance provided
Very good application
of Harvard system
w ith few missed
citations and
complete bibliography
/ reference list
Good referencing
and consistent
approach to
conventions
Good presentation
and structure
follow ing guidance
provided
Good application
of Harvard system
w ith some missed
citations and
limited
bibliography /
Fair
understanding
of conventions
Adequate
presentation and
structure following
guidance provided
Poor
application of
Harvard
systemw ith
errors
Poor referencing
and little
understanding of
conventions
Poor presentation
and structure not
follow ing guidance
provided
Failure to follow
Harvard
Non serious attempt
No attempt to
reference
6. 2
140059924
complete
bibliography /
reference list
reference list
errors
Communication
Excellent ability to
communicate ideas
clearly and
appropriately
Excellent and fluent
communication,
follow ing a logical
sequence of
thought, w ell
indexed and linking
sections to produce
a quality report.
Very good ability
to communicate
ideas clearly
Very good & fluent
communication,
follow ing a logical
sequence of
thought. Well-
indexed and linked
producing a very
good quality report.
Most Ideas
communicated
effectively
Good presented and
structured report
that follow ssome
sequence. Would
benefit frommore
definite links to
sections.
Ideas are
communicated
w ith some
success
Adequately presented
and structured report,
but w orklacks
creativity in
presentation and
seems semi
structured.
Ideas are not
communicated
effectively
Poorly presented
w orkwith few
evidence of any
logical though or
sequence.
Unstructured report
w ith no definitive
sections
Non serious attempt
Failure to meet the
key requirements of
the assignment
brief.
7. 1
140059924
Introduction
Ethical businesspractice isastandard societysetsforall businessestofollow. Ultimatelyhow
businessespreformethicallyisuptotheirown definition of ethics.Thisessayisgoingtocritically
lookat what businessethicsmeansandhow businesses preformunderit.Tobest examine atan
example of businessethicsthisessayisgoingtofocuson the US corporationof Walmart. Thisessay
will analyse Walmart’s businessethicswiththreeof itsstakeholders:competitors,employees,and
consumers. The ethical issuessurroundingWalmartwill be shownthroughexamplesof challenges
and issuesthatWalmarthas facedas a corporationinrecentyears.Aftercriticallylookingathow
Walmart hasperformedethically,recommendationswill be made inthe formas advice for company
inthe future.
Business Ethics- An Overview
Businessethicsare the principlesandstandardsthatdetermineacceptable conductinbusiness
organisations(Ferrelletal,2015). Businessethicshasbeenstatedasbeinganoxymoron.the
perceptionthatbusinessandethicsare contradictory isbasedonthe general acceptedviewof what
managersare supposedtodoand therefore how theyare supposedtoact(Collins,1994). Business
ethicsadaptsthe methodsandpurpose of normative ethicsto the specificrequirements of moral
issuesinbusiness(Pratley,1995) To determineethical limits, businesses nolongerrelyon theirown
moral values(De Cremer,2013). Businessesnow checkthe existinglawsandrulestosee whatisnot
legallyacceptable(De Cremer,2013).The advantage of thisapproachis that if the law doesnot
mentionthatitis notacceptable thenbydefinitionitshouldbe acceptable forbusinesses(De
Cremer,2013). Businessethicsisprimarilyconcernedwiththose issuesnotcoveredbythe law,or
where there isnodefinite consensuson somethingbeingrightorwrong(Crane andMatten, 2004).
Most executivesfromtime totime are almostcompelled,inthe interestsof theircompaniesor
themselves,topractice deceptionwhennegotiatingwithcustomers,dealers, labourunions,
governmentofficials,orevenotherdepartmentsof theircompanies (Carr,1968). By conscious
misstatements, hiddenfacts,orexaggeration,theseexecutives seektopersuade otherstoagree
withthem(Carr,1968). A “responsibility perspective”onanyfieldof ethicscombinesaclaimof
value withatendencytoevaluate the situations,policiesandpracticesthatfall withinthe fieldina
certainthe way (Newton,2005). If the majorityof these companiesare actingunethical andnot
takingresponsibility, whatisthe issue?Tocompaniesandemployers,actinglegallyandethically
meanssavingbillionsof dollarseachyearinlawsuits,settlementandtheft(Weiss,2014).
One way of businessesbeingethical isthroughcorporate social responsibility. Corporate social
responsibilityreferstothe capacityof a corporationto respondto social pressuresethically (Crane
and Matten,2004). Carroll (1979) defined the fourcategoriesof CSRincorporate social
performance,depictingthemasorderedlayerswhichhe labelledeconomic,legal,ethical and
discretionaryresponsibilities(Visser,2005). However,MiltonFriedmanarguesthatabusinessisnot
responsible forbeingethical. The responsibilityof businesses istoconductthe businessin
accordance withtheirdesires,whichgenerallywill be tomake as muchmoneyas possible while
conformingtothe basic social rulesof the society,boththose embodiedinlaw andthose embodied
inethical custom (Freidman,1970).The doctrine of social responsibilityisfrequentlyacloakfor
actionsthat are justifiedonothergroundsratherthana reasonfor those actual actions (Freidman,
1970). All businessorganisationsface the challengeof meetingthe higheststandardsof ethicswhile
also,remainingcompetitive andprovidingthe productsand servicesthe publicdemands(Boatright,
2014).
8. 2
140059924
Grey Area
BusinessEthicsissaidto begin where the law ends(Crane andMatten,2016). Businessethicsis
primarilyconcernedwiththose issuesnotcoveredbythe law or where there isnodefinite
consensusonwhethersomethingisrightawrong- a grey area as showninFigure 1 (Crane and
Matten,2016). There are managementpracticesthatalsoappearto benefitmanagersatthe
expense of stockholdersand occasionally othercorporate stakeholders(BowieandWerhane, 2005).
Ethics
Grey
Area
Law
(Figure 1, authorown,adaptedfrom:Crane and Matten,2016)
Walmart Brief Overview
Today,nearly260 millioncustomersvisitmore than11,500 storesunder63 bannersin28 countries
and e-commerce sitesin11countrieseachweek (Walmart,2016). The Walmart U.S. segment
operatesretail storesinthe UnitedStates,includinginapproximately50states,WashingtonD.C.
and PuertoRico (Reuters,2016). Ninety percentof USresidentslivewithin15milesof a Walmart
(Fishman,2006). Walmart continuestobe the largestretailerinthe worldwithreportedrevenues
of approximately$469 billion forfiscal yearendingJanuary2013 (Morilloetal,2015). Despite its
publicrecognitionand prevalence throughoutthe U.S,Walmartisamongone of the least-admired
corporations inthe world(Ghillyer,2008). The reasonbehinditsunpopularitycanbe lookedat
throughthe stakeholderanalysis andbythe ethical challengesthiscompanymeets.
Stakeholder Analysis
Whenbusinesses actunethical,they riskstakeholder’sinterests.A stakeholderinabusinessisany
groupor individual whocanaffect,orisaffectedby,the achievementof the organization’s
objectives(CraneandMatten,2004). Three of Walmart’smost crucial stakeholdersare there
employees,customersandcompetitors. A highlysalientstakeholderpossessesall three attributes:
power,legitimacy,andurgency(Griseri andSeppala,2010). The attributesare dynamicinthe sense
that a stakeholdermaybecome more orlessimportantfora companyas a resultof a change inthe
extenttowhichtheyhave one or more of these attributes(Griseri andSeppala,2010).
POWER
LEGITIMACY URGENCY
(Figure 2,author own,adaptedfrom:Mitchell etal,1997)
9. 3
140059924
The model above isa representationof stakeholderimportance adaptedfromMitchell.
Powerconcernsthe normative means thata stakeholderhasat theirdisposal toexertinfluence on
management(Majochetal,2014). Legitimacyisgeneralizedassumptionthatthe actionsof anentity
are appropriate withinasociallyconstructedsystemof norms,values,beliefs,and definitions
(Mitchell etal,1997). Urgencyrefersto the degree towhichthe claimisperceivedbymanagement
as callingforimmediate attention(Majochetal,2014). The yellow circle representscustomers,the
blue circle representscompetitorsandthe greencircle representsemployees.Itwill be further
explainedwhyeach stakeholderisplacedinthese sections throughoutthe report.
Employees
Labour isnot simplyacommoditytobe boughtand sold,eventhough ithasbeen arguedthat wages
are defensiblydeterminedbythe market,inasystemwithproperandjustbackground institutions
(DeGeorge,1995). Labourderivesfromhumanbeings,andhumanbeingsholdrights,whichtheydo
not give upby becomingemployees(DeGeorge,1995). Walmart employs2.3millionassociates
worldwide –1.5 millioninthe U.S.alone,makingtheiremployee stakeholdera significantly large
groupof people (Walmart,2016). Over300,000 associateshave been employedby Walmartfor10
yearsor more (Walmart,2016). Two thirds of Walmart workers cannotaffordto participate inthe
companyhealthinsurance plan,whichcostsabout20 percent of a worker’spaycheck (Brownstein,
2004).
Walmart employeesare notallowedtobe a part of unions(Clark, 2007). Walmart’spolicyisto
oppose unionsand fighteffortsof unionization(Rosen,2006).To keepWalmartnon-union,when
employeesare hiredtheyare immediatelyshownananti-unionvideo(Rosen,2006). Thisis a factor
inwhy employeeshave suchalow wage (Crofoot,2013). The unionizedretailworkersinthe United
Statesthat do notwork at Walmarton average make 25 percentmore annuallythanthose
employeesthatworkthe same jobat Walmart (PBS,2010).
Consumers
In orderto trulydeveloptrustwiththeircustomers,companiesmust “walkthe walk”(Knauss,2010).
For example,anyactivity engagedinwithcustomerswill be fairanddefensible,noexceptions
(Knauss,2010).
Demographics of consumers at Walmart
A studyin2000 by AndrewFranklin,showedthatWal-Martoperatedprimarilyinpoorandworking-
classcommunities,finding,inthe bone-drylanguage of hisdiscipline,"asignificantnegative
relationshipbetweenmedianhouseholdincome andWal-Mart'spresence inthe market”
(Featherstone,2005). Accordingto the data, the average Wal-Mart shopperisa white,50-year-old
female withanannual householdincome of $53,125 (Peterson,2014).Only37% of Walmart
consumersownedapassportbut 54% owneda gun (Zogby,2015). 1 outof every5 Walmart
shoppersusesfoodstampsinorderto meettheirbasicneedsinsome way(Gaille,2014).
10. 4
140059924
Political Party of Walmart
Customers
Republican Democrat Independent
Race of Walmart Customers
White African American Hispanic
(Figure 3, authorown, adaptedfrom: Zogby, 2015) (Figure 4, authorown, adaptedfrom: Zogby,
2015)
ConsumerSatisfactionwith Walmart
In 2015, Walmart scoreditsworst customersatisfactionratingsince 2007, securingthe bottomspot
on AmericanCustomerSatisfaction Index’sretail customerservice ranking(Hill,2015).In 2011, 2012
and 2013, Walmart was the single lowest-scoringdepartmentanddiscountstore onthe list (Hill,
2015).
(Figure 5,source:Hill,2015)
Competitors
Walmart dominatesthe retail industryasitofferssome of the lowestpricesforproductsand
servicesothercompaniescannotaffordtooffer(Pyle,2014). PBS Frontline (2004) reportedthatSam
Walton’sformulawasbuycheap,sell lessthanthe otherguy,andmake yourprofitonhighvolume
and fastturnover. It doesmore businessthan competitorssuchas Target, Sears,Kmart,J.C.Penney,
Safeway,andKrogercombined (Fishman,2003). As a store,Walmartis notjust the largest;itno
longerhasany nearrivals. Walmartis as bigas Home Depot,Kroger,Target,Costco,Sears,and
Kmart combined (Fishman,2006).Target, whichisconsidered Wal-Mart’snearestdirectrival issmall
by comparison (Fishman,2006).Each year Walmartsellsmore bySaintPatrick’sDay,March 17, than
Target sellsall year(Fishman,2006).Inmany categoriesof productsthatit sells, Walmartisnow 30
11. 5
140059924
percentor more of the entire market(Fishman,2006). Walmart sellsmore than30 percentof the
skincare andhaircare products usedinthe UnitedStatesandmore than30 percentof small kitchen
appliances,housewares,andtoyssold inthe country(Fishman,2006).
Ethical Challenges
An ethical issue isanidentifiableproblem, situation,oropportunitythatrequiresapersontochoose
fromamong several actionsthatmaybe evaluatedasrightorwrong,ethical or unethical (Ferrellet
al,2015). Inbusiness,suchachoice ofteninvolvesweighingmonetaryprofitagainstwhataperson
considersappropriate conduct(Ferrell etal,2015). The bestway to judge the ethicsof a decisionis
to lookat a situationfroma customer’sorcompetitor’sviewpoint,asthisfollowingsectionwill
explain(Ferrelletal,2015).
Employees and Mistreatment
One ethical issue Walmartiscriticizedforisthe compensationtheypay workers.The average annual
salaryfor a Walmart salesassociate in2001 was US$13,861 and the average hourlywageswas
US$8.23 (Ghillyer,2008). The primaryreasons for Wal-Martlow wagesis because theywanttocut
operatingcostsand theywant to continue offeringlow prices(BusinessPractices,2015). Walmart
employeesare sopoorthat theyare skippinglunch,sharingitor,insome cases,stealingitfromtheir
co-workers,some of the company’sworkersclaimed(Kasperkevic,2015).
While itseemsrespectable thatWalmartemploysmore thananyotherprivate employerinthe
UnitedStates,itisunfairthat 90% of the store’s managerpositions are heldbymen (Ghillyer,2008).
In the UnitedStates, since 2005, Walmarthas paidabout $1 billionindamagestoU.S.employeesin
six differentcasesrelatedtounpaidwork (Sethi,2013). In 2013, itwas notedthat eventhough
womenaccountfor 57% of Walmart’sworkforce inthe US theywere still gettingpaid$1.16 lessper
hour (Osterndorf,2015).Alsomultiplefemale workershave come forwardsayingtheywere
overworked,firedorputindangeroussituations byWalmartwhile beingpregnant(Osterndorf,
2015). These casespointtowardWalmart takingmore of the “Friedman”approachinthat itsmain
responsibilityistomake a profitnomatter the cost. Asof 2016, aftermanyprotests,Walmart
agreedto payemployees $10 an hour (Owens,2016).But a full-time employee working34 hoursa
weekfor$10 an hour still onlyearns$18,000 a year,below the national povertyline foranaverage
familyof four(Owens,2016).Howeverdue tothe company’sstronganti-unionstance itmakesit
harderfor employeestofightback(Kasperkevic,2015). Thisis whyemployeesfall underthe under
the urgentand legitimatepartof the salience model.The poorwage,lackof benefits,andsexism
reportsand legitimatecausesof concernwithanurgentneedtobe addressedbyWalmart.
Same Sex Couple VS WE
A case of discrimination occurredin2015 whena Walmart employee suedthe retailer,sayingits
previouspolicyof denyinghealthinsurance tothe spousesof gayemployeesviolatedgender
discriminationlaws(Reuters,2015). Employee,Jackie Cote,whohasworkedatWalmartstoressince
1999, saidinthe lawsuitthatherwife developedcancerin2012 and the denial of insurance ledto
more than $150,000 inmedical debt (Reuters,2015).Ms. Smithsonisnow inhospice care,Ms. Cote
said(Reuters,2015). A Walmartspokesmansaidthatthe company’sbenefitscoverage before the
2014 change was legal,howeverthisdoesnotmake itethical,thisputsitina greyarea. Walmart set
aside $7.5 million,tocompensate employeesaffectedbythe denial of spousal benefitsduringthe
three yearsbefore Jan.1, 2014, whenthe companychangeditspolicy(Schieber,2016). Walmart
expected “nomore thana fewthousand”people to be eligibleforthe settlement(CNN Wire,2016).
12. 6
140059924
Consumers and Conservative Ways
Today, 56 percentof citizenspolled believe that“Walmartisbad forAmerica”(Morilloetal,2015).
Residentsof statesthat votedMittRomneyinthe 2012 Presidential Electionwere more likelyto
patronize one-stopshopssuchasTargetand Walmart (Wells,2015). Due to Walmart’samountof
RepublicanandIndependant customersasshowninfigure 1 part of Walmart’ssalesstrategyisto
protectthe image of itsstoresas “familyorientated”(Brunn,2006). Alsoof all the donationsmade
by bothWalmart’sPACand the Waltonfamilysince the 2000 Presidential Election,nearly70percent
wentto Republicancandidatesandcommittees (Berman,2013). RecentlyWalmartstoppedthe
sellingof confederate flags,however theykeep sellingguns(Lee,2015).It isnotoriously knownfor
protectingconsumersfromproductsthatthe managementdeemsoffensive,astrategytokeepwith
the conservative campaignto“protectfamilyvalues”(Brunn,2006). A Christianorganisation, The
TimothyPlan,showedoutrage atwhatWalmart wasselling(Brunn,2006). The TimothyPlan
PresidentArthurAllydemandedWalmartremove copiesof the magazine Cosmopolitancallingit
“most blatantlyaggressive soft-core pornographicmagazine inAmerica”(Curry,2002). Allysaidhe
foundWalmart'spositiononCosmopolitanmagazine incongruouswithitsWebsite-statedpolicies
regardingitsrefusal tostockmusicwithparental guidance stickersanditsrestrictionof the sale of
"mature-rated"videogamestocustomers17 yearsof age and older(PRNewswire,2002). Walmart
has implementedpoliciesagainstliterature itdeemsoffensive,takingaway men’smagazineslike
Maximand Stuff fromthe storesracksalongwithgay publicationssuchas Out(Brunn,2006). With
magazinessuchas Glamour,MarieClaire andCosmopolitan theyare obscuredwithbinders(Brunn,
2006). By Walmart now coveringthese magazines,showsthe powerthatconsumershave overthe
companyand whytheyare placedinthe powersectionof the salience model.
Competitors and Monopolizing
That kindof dominance Walmarthas at bothendsof the spectrum— dominance acrossahuge range
of merchandise anddominanceof geographicconsumermarkets—meansthatmarketcapitalismis
being“strangledwiththe kindof slowinexorabilityof aboa constrictor”(Fishman,2006). Although
Walmart providesjobsformore than1 millionpeople inthe UnitedStates,ithashelped putlocal
drugstoresandgrocers onthe brinkof bankruptcy (Frick,2006). While ina lot of ways,people see
Walmart as an oligopoly,the way theydrive outcompetitionismonopolistic(Basker,2007).
Walmart implementsastrategicpredatorypricingtacticinthattheydrop pricestoolow and drive
away competition,thusgainingamonopoly(Starvos,2014).Many local communities criticize
Walmart as a majorfactor in the dissolution of local businesses(Ghillyer,2008). WhenWalmart
starts sellinggroceriesinanewarea, it brings lowerpricestoitsownshoppersand through
competition,drivesdownthe pricesof establishedgrocerystores(Fishman,2006). Itisclear that
Walmart can run smaller,family-runretail storesinthe areaout of business(Crofoot,2013). The so-
called"Walmarteffect"iswhenWalmart,orany similarbig-boxretailer,movesintotown,reshapes
shoppinghabits,anddrainsthe viabilityof traditional local shoppingareasor"mom-and-pop"shops
(Fishman,2006). The average difference inWalmart’spricesverses competitor’s pricesvaryfrom8-
27% (Basker,2007). However,if someone securesajobwithWalmart,onaverage the individual will
be are paid18 percentlessthanhe or she wouldbe at a family-runretailstore (Crofoot,2013). This
wouldrepresenta“greyarea” forWalmart.This isalsowhy competitorsare placedinthe legitimate
sectionof the salience model.Whiletheydonothave muchpower,andare not verypowerful,they
have legitimatereasonstobe upsetwiththe wayWalmartis performingethically.
13. 7
140059924
Recommendations
Whenlookingatthe short term,ethical behaviourmayprove costlytoa company’s bottomline
(Stark,1993). But accordingto the advocatesof corporate social responsibility,ultimatelythe
marketwill rewardsuch behaviour,suchaswitha goodreputation(Stark,1993).
Employee’s Recommendations
As of now, Walmart hasmade in its effortstoofferbetterwagesandbenefitstoitsworkers (The
AssociatedPress,2016). All of the evidencesuggeststhatWalmartcaneasilyaffordthisastheir
minimumwage (Owens,2016).A $15 minimumwage wouldbe goodbusinessforWal-Mart(Owens,
2016). ResearchersatThe WhartonSchool findthat foreveryadditional dollarspentonpayroll ata
givenstore,salescanincrease anywherefrom$4 to $28 (Owens,2016).This increase wouldalso
helptaxpayersaswell asemployees(Owens,2016).Whenworkerscannot affordtomeettheirbasic
needsdespiteworkingfull time,theyare forcedtoturn topublicassistance (Owens,2016). This
meansthat companiesrelyontaxpayerdollarstosubsidize rock-bottomwages(Owens,2016).
Walmart istrying, to incorporate physical exercise intoeveryemployee'sjobdescription,nottohelp
the overweightgetinshape,buttostopthemapplyingforjobsinthe firstplace - intheirown
words,"to dissuade unhealthypeople fromcomingtoworkat Wal-Mart",whichwouldsave them
an estimated$1bna year inbenefits (Dowling,2005). Therefore, agoodwayof incorporatinghealth
intoan employeesworklifeisbyrewardingthem, ultimately savingWalmartmoneyinthe longrun
by nothavingto pay as muchfor healthcare (Dowling,2005). One companyWalmartcouldreallydo
withmodellingitself afterisHallmark.Hallmarkisa$3.7 billionbusiness withmore than 40,000
retail storesacrossthe U.S. (Hallmark,2016). One ethical tactic Hallmarkdoes ishave an employee
rewardsystem.Makingitpossible foremployeestoearnan additional $400 a year bythe Hallmark
HealthRewardsProgram(Hallmark,2016). Employeesearnpointsformaintaininghealthyweight,
bloodpressure andcholesterollevels(Hallmark,2016).
Consumers’ Recommendations
While alarge segmentof consumersof Walmartare republican,Walmartshouldappeal more toits
liberal crowd.Withthe example of the organisation“The TimothyPlan”,itwouldbe more vital to
expandtoa liberal crowdbyignoringthe cries of Christiangroupsandthe conservative consumers.
LiberalsputWalmartas the No.1 companyonthe Fortune 500 that isthe worst forAmerica
(Matthews,2016). Theyalso rankeditas firston a listof companiesinthe Fortune 500 theywould
like shutdownInsteadtoadd more of a liberal crowd,theyshouldappeal tothese consumersand
add more storesinmore liberal states (Matthews,2016).However,the amountof liberal democrats
that shopat Walmart has risenanimpressive 18percent,makingthemanew targetto appeal to.
One majorplace to appeal to is San Franciscois the mostliberal cityinAmerica(Forbes, n.d).There
isalso noWalmart locatedinSan Francisco(Ausick,2014). The closestWalmartto the liberal cityis
half an hour awayinSan Leandro(TripAdvisor,2005). Alsoto appeal more to liberal customers, and
to fitinwiththeirviews,itwouldbe recommendedtostopthe sellingof guns.Asa part of
Walmart's goal of sellingfirearmsprimarilyforthe purposesof huntingandsports,itdoesnotsell
handguns,a policy thatdatesback to 1993 (Lee,2015). However,anysellingof goalsdoesnotfit
intothe liberal agenda.Inorderto getconsumersof all demographics,andnotjustconservative
onesitis recommendedthatWalmartopensstoresinmore liberal placesandstopsthe sellingof
huntingguns.
14. 8
140059924
Competitor’s Recommendations
Whena Walmart comesto town, the local economicframework thrownintoturmoil (Wolf-Mann,
2016). Many small and regional businessesgettrampledbythe low pricesmade possiblebythe
massive economiesof scale of the giantretailer (Wolf-Mann,2016).It’snearlyimpossible forthese
small businessestocompete (Wolf-Mann,2016).However,whateveryarticle thatmentions
Walmart monopolizingtalksaboutin“small towns”.WhichiswhyarecommendationforWalmart
wouldbe to stopgoingintosmall townsandmonopolizing,butinsteadmove tobiggercitieswhere
there isalreadya highcompetition anyway. Thisrecommendationwouldalsofitintoexpandinginto
more liberal cities,suchasSanFrancisco.
Conclusion
Despite Walmart’ssuccessitisevidentfromthisreportthatithas takena lotof unethical
approacheswhile beinganestablishedbusiness. While itisupto eachbusinesshow theyperform
ethically,itisclearthatWalmart’sperformance ismostlybasedonunethical practices.These
unethical practiceswere showninthisreportthroughalook at stakeholdersandethical challenges.
ThisreportconcludedwithrecommendationsthatWalmartcouldfeasiblymake if theychose amore
ethical approachto theirfuture success.
15. 9
140059924
References
Ausick,P.(2014) Eight LargestCities WithoutWalmart [Internet].Available from
http://247wallst.com/retail/2014/06/16/eight-largest-cities-without-walmart/ [Accessed3rd
January
2017].
Basker,E. (2007) The Causesand Consequencesof Walmart’sGrowth. University of Missouri,1 (1)
pp.2-26.
Berman,J. (2013) WalmartPAC,Walton Family Political ContributionsFavorConservatives:Report
[Internet].Availablefrom http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/18/walmart-political-
contributions_n_3461267.html [Accessed2ndJanuary2017].
Boatright,J.(2014) Ethics and the Conductof Business.Harlow,PearsonEducationLtd.
Bowie,N.andWerhane,P.(2005) ManagementEthics.Malden,Blackwell PublishingLtd.
Brownstein,B.(2004) Is It Ethical to Shop atWal-Mart?[Internet].Available from
https://www.scu.edu/ethics/focus-areas/business-ethics/resources/is-it-ethical-to-shop-at-walmart/
[Accessed2nd
January2017].
Brunn,S. (2006) WalmartWorld. NewYork,Routledge.
BusinessPractices(2015) Walmart UnethicalBusinessPractices [Internet].Available from
http://cnbc-tvn-biznes.com/unethical-business-practices/walmart-unethical-business-practices/
Carr, A. (1968) IsBusinessBluffing Ethical? [Internet].Availablefrom https://hbr.org/1968/01/is-
business-bluffing-ethical [Accessed30thNovember2016].
CNN Wire (2016) Walmart to Pay $7.5 Million Settlementin Discrimination Suit [Internet].Available
fromhttp://ktla.com/2016/12/02/walmart-to-pay-7-5-million-settlement-in-discrimination-suit/
[Accessed22nd
December2016].
Collins,J.(1994) Is BusinessEthicsAnOxymoron? BusinessHorizons.
Crane,A.and Matten, D. (2004) BusinessEthics. Oxford,OxfordUniversityPress.
Crofoot,A.(2013) Wal-Mart: RollingBackon Ethics. Nueman Edu.
Curry,E. (2002) Investorgroup chargesWal-Martwith promotion of pornography [Internet].
Available fromhttp://www.bpnews.net/14074[Accessed 19thDecember2016].
De Cremer,D.(2013) BusinessEthics: Black, White or Grey? [Internet].Available from
https://www.london.edu/faculty-and-research/lbsr/business-ethics-black-white-or-
grey#.WD6rSuaLSUk [Accessed 30th
November2016].
DeGeorge,R.(1995) BusinessEthics. 4th ed.New Jersey,Prentice Hall.
Featherstone,L.(2005) Wal-Mart'swomen -- employeesand customers -- in unhealthy relationship
[Internet].Availablefrom http://www.seattlepi.com/local/opinion/article/Wal-Mart-s-women-
employees-and-customers-in-1162992.php [Accessed3rdJanuary2017].
16. 10
140059924
Ferrell,O., Hirt,G.,and Ferrell,L.(2015) Business.4th
ed.New York,McGraw Hill Education.
Financial Times(2016) Definition of ethical decision making [Internet].Available from
http://lexicon.ft.com/Term?term=ethical-decision-making[Accessed19th
December2016].
Fishman,C.(2006) The Wal-Mart Effectand a DecentSociety:WhoKnew ShoppingWasSo
Important?Academy of ManagementPerspectives, 20(3).
Fisherman,C.(2003) The Wal-MartYou Don'tKnow [Internet].Available from
https://www.fastcompany.com/47593/wal-mart-you-dont-know [Accessed16thDecember2016].
Forbes(n.d) TheMostand Least ConservativeCitiesin America [Internet].Available from
http://www.forbes.com/pictures/gmli45egf/the-most-and-least-conse/#bfce10ac3975 [Accessed3rd
January2017].
Frick,A. (2006) IsWal-Marta corporatemonopoly? [Internet].Availablefrom http://www.the-
dispatch.com/news/20060126/is-wal-mart-a-corporate-monopoly [Accessed3rdJanuary2017].
Friedman,M.(1970) The Social Responsibilityof BusinessistoIncrease itsProfits.TheNew York
Times Magazine.
Gaille,B.(2014) 41 Interesting WalmartShopperDemographics [Internet].Availablefrom
http://brandongaille.com/41-interesting-walmart-shopper-demographics/ [Accessed30th
December
2016].
Ghillyer,A.(2008) BusinessEthics: A Real World Approach.New York,McGraw-Hill Irwin.
Goodpaster,K.(1991) BusinessEthicsandStakeholderAnalysis. CambridgeUniversity Press,1(1).
Gustafson,K.(2016) Wal-Martis gobbling up its competitors'lunch—and itisn't going to stop
[Intnernet].Available from http://www.cnbc.com/2016/09/12/wal-mart-is-gobbling-up-its-
competitors-lunch-and-it-isnt-going-to-stop.html[Accessed30thDecember2016].
Hallmark(2016) AboutHallmark [Internet].Available from http://corporate.hallmark.com/Company
[Accessed29thDecember2016].
Hartung, A.(2016) The 10 Telltale SignsThat the FutureLooksBad forWal-Mart[Internet].Available
fromhttp://www.forbes.com/sites/adamhartung/2016/02/24/the-10-telltale-signs-that-the-future-
looks-bad-for-walmart/#51084e483f1d [Accessed19th
December2016].
Hill,C.(2015) 4 reasonsWalmartis the most-hated retailerin America [Internet].Availablefrom
http://www.marketwatch.com/story/4-reasons-walmart-is-the-most-hated-retailer-in-america-
2015-02-18 [Accessed22ndDecember2016].
Is WalmartBad for America(2004) PBSFrotline. UnitedStates,PBS,16 November.
Kasperkevic,J.(2015) 'Povertypay' leadsWalmartemployeestoskiplunch –or steal it from
coworkers[Internet].Available from
https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/nov/12/walmart-workers-protest-wages-fast-for-15-
stolen-lunches [Accessed2ndJanuary2016].
Kelley,B.(1999) Ethics atWork. England,GowerPublishingLtd.
17. 11
140059924
Knauss,D. (2010) The Role Of BusinessEthics In RelationshipsWith Customers [Internet].Available
fromhttp://www.forbes.com/2010/01/19/knauss-clorox-ethics-leadership-citizenship-ethics.html
[Accessed12thDecember2016].
Lee,M. (2015) Why Walmartwill keep selling guns [Internet].Available from
http://edition.cnn.com/2015/06/25/politics/walmart-guns-confederate-flag/[Accessed3rd
January
2017].
Majoch, A.,Hoepner,A.andHebb,T. (2014) Sourcesof StakeholderSalience inthe Responsible
InvestmentMovement:WhyDoInvestorsSignthe PrinciplesforResponsibleInvestment?. Henley
Discussion PaperSeries, pp.2-33.
Matthews,C.(2016) Here Are the Fortune500 CompaniesLiberalsand ConservativesHatetheMost
[Internet].Availablefrom http://fortune.com/2016/06/06/fortune-500-conservatives-liberals-love-
hate/ [Accessed3rd
January 2017].
Melville-Ross,T.(2013) Ethical business:companiesneed to earn ourtrust [Internet].Available from
https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/ethical-business-trust-values[Accessed22nd
December2016].
Mitchell,R.Agle,B.and Wood,D. (1997) Towarda theoryof stakeholderidentificationand
salience:definingthe principle of whoandwhatreallycounts. Academy of Management
Review, 22, (4), pp.853–886.
Morillo, J.,McNallly,C.,andBlock,W. (2015) The Real Walmart. Journalof theCentre forBusiness
Ethics, 120 (3).
Newton,L.(2005) BusinessEthics and the NaturalEnvironment.Malden,Blackwell Publishing.
Osterndorf,C.(2015) 10 reasonsWal-Martisthe worstcompany in America [Internet].Available
from
http://www.salon.com/2015/05/25/10_reasons_wal_mart_is_the_worst_company_in_america_par
tner/ [Accessed30th
December2016].
Owens,C.(2016) Wal-MartCAN afford $15 minimumwage [Internet].Availablefrom
http://www.cnbc.com/2016/06/03/walmart-can-afford-15-minimum-wage-commentary.html
[Accessed28thDecember2016].
Peterson,H.(2014) MeetThe AverageWal-MartShopper[Internet].Available from
http://www.businessinsider.com/meet-the-average-wal-mart-shopper-2014-9?IR=T[Accessed30th
December2016].
Pratley,P.(1995) The Essenceof BusinessEthics. Hertfordshire,Prentice Hall International.
PR Newswire(2002) Timothy Plan MutualFund Group DenouncesWal-MartFor'Promotion Of
Pornography'[Internet].Available from http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/timothy-plan-
mutual-fund-group-denounces-wal-mart-for-promotion-of-pornography-76738487.html [Accessed
2nd January2017].
18. 12
140059924
Pyle,S.(2014) Letter to the Editor:Wal-Mart’sconceptof businessethics [Internet].Available from
http://www.wsusignpost.com/2014/09/07/letter-to-the-editor-walmarts-concept-of-business-
ethics/ [Accessed16th
December2016].
Reuters(2016) Profile: Wal Mart StoresInc[Internet].Available from
http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?symbol=WMT.N [Accessed19th
December
2016].
Rosen,E. (2006) Walmart:The NewRetail Colossus.In:Brunn,S.ed. WalmartWorld. New York,
Routledge,pp.91-97.
Scheiber,N.(2016) WalmartSettles Discrimination Suit Over BenefitsforSame-Sex Spouses
[Internet].Availablefrom http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/02/business/walmart-same-sex-
discrimination-lawsuit.html?_r=0[Accessed3rd
January 2017].
Sellers,J.(2005) Deliver Us fromWal-Mart?[Internet].Available from
http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2005/may/17.40.html [Accessed2ndJanuary2017].
Sethi,S.(2013) The World of Wal-Mart[Internet].Available from
http://www.carnegiecouncil.org/publications/ethics_online/0081 [Accessed30thDecember2016].
Stark,A. (1993) What’sthe Matter withBusinessEthics? Harvard BusinessReview.
Stavros,K. (2014) Unethical Actsin Wal-martCorporation [Internet].Available from
https://pittbusinessreview.wordpress.com/2014/11/19/unethical-acts-in-wal-mart-corporation/
[Accessed 30th
December2016].
Store Wars- WhenWalmart ComestoTown (2010) UnitedStates,PBS,October11th
.
Surbhi,S.(2015) DifferenceBetween Internaland ExternalStakeholders [Internet].Available from
http://keydifferences.com/difference-between-internal-and-external-stakeholders.html [Accessed
5th December2016].
The AssociatedPress(2016) Walmartto Deliver Pay RaisesNextMonth [Internet].Available from
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/21/business/walmart-to-deliver-pay-raises-next-
month.html?rref=collection%2Ftimestopic%2FWal-
Mart%20Stores%20Inc.&action=click&contentCollection=business®ion=stream&module=stream
_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=30&pgtype=collection [Accessed19th
December2016].
Trip Advisor(2005) ClosestWalMartto San Francisco (City Centre) [Internet].Available from
https://www.tripadvisor.co.uk/ShowTopic-g60713-i30-k131103-
Closest_WalMart_to_San_Francisco_City_Centre-San_Francisco_California.html [Accessd3rd
January2017].
Walmart (2016) AboutUs [Internet].Available from http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story
[Accessed16thDecember2016].
Weiss,J.(2014) BusinessEthics: A Stakeholderand IssuesManagement Approach. SanFrancisco,
Berrett-KoehlerPublishers,Inc.
19. 13
140059924
Wells, N.(2015) Shopping atWal-Mart?You mightbe a Republican [Internet].Available from
http://www.cnbc.com/2015/10/14/shopping-at-wal-mart-you-might-be-a-republican.html
[Accessed30thDecember2016].
Wolf- Mann, E. (2016) The NewWay That WalmartIs Ruining America’sSmall Towns [Internet].
Available fromhttp://time.com/money/4192512/walmart-stores-closing-small-towns/ [Accessed3rd
January2017].
Zogby,J. (2015) The Weekly Wal-MartShopper:DemocratOrRepublican? [Internet].Available from
http://www.forbes.com/sites/johnzogby/2015/08/14/the-dramatic-democratization-of-the-weekly-
wal-mart-shopper/#331cb0a22474 [Accessed5th
January2017].