Burns are a one of the problems to to the human body hence knowledge is needed on this topic
This slide explains the definition/causes/classification/assessment/classification/management of burns.
The document discusses anatomy and physiology of the skin, types of burns, burn classifications, burn depth assessment, burn management, and burn complications. It describes the three layers of skin - epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis - and their functions. It classifies burns as superficial, partial thickness, or full thickness depending on the depth of tissue damage. Burn management includes wound care, fluid resuscitation, antibiotics, surgery, and physiotherapy. Complications can be immediate, early, or late and include shock, infection, organ failure, contractures, and cancer.
Thermal injuries to the body can occur from various heat sources and cause burns or scalds of different depths. Scalds are caused by moist heat and result in blistering while burns are caused by dry heat and cause tissue desiccation and necrosis. The degree of burn is classified based on depth of tissue injury. Proper assessment of burn size, depth, and inhalation injury is important. Major burns can lead to hypovolemic shock, infection, organ dysfunction and death if not managed promptly with fluid resuscitation, wound care, infection control and surgery. Outcomes depend on percentage of body surface area burned, depth of burn and presence of inhalational injury.
Thermal injury is caused by temperatures exceeding tissue damage thresholds. Burns are classified by depth and cause. Superficial burns involve the epidermis while deep second degree burns involve the dermis. Third degree burns destroy the entire dermis. Systemic effects include hypovolemic shock, cardiac dysfunction, and increased infection risk. Burn assessment tools include the Rule of Nines and Lund-Browder chart. Treatment involves fluid resuscitation, wound care, infection prevention and rehabilitation to address complications like contractures.
This document provides a classification and overview of burn injuries. It discusses:
1. The classification of burns based on etiology including thermal, electrical, chemical, radiation, and inhalation injuries.
2. The degrees of burn injuries from first to fourth degree based on depth of tissue damage.
3. Key aspects of burn management including emergent resuscitation focusing on airway, circulation and fluid replacement to maintain organ function in the first 24-48 hours.
4. Wound care including open and closed methods and use of antimicrobial agents like silver sulfadiazine cream.
This document discusses burn injuries, including:
1) It describes the different types of burns - thermal, chemical, electrical, radiation, and cold injuries. Thermal burns are further divided into flame, scald, and contact burns.
2) It explains the pathophysiology of burns, including the zones of injury and the systemic inflammatory response. Management of burns is also covered, focusing on airway control, fluid resuscitation, wound care, and infection prevention.
3) The severity of burns is classified based on depth and total body surface area affected. Deep partial thickness and full thickness burns require specialized wound care and skin grafting.
The document discusses anatomy and physiology of the skin, types of burns, burn classifications, burn depth assessment, burn management, and burn complications. It describes the three layers of skin - epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis - and their functions. It classifies burns as superficial, partial thickness, or full thickness depending on the depth of tissue damage. Burn management includes wound care, fluid resuscitation, antibiotics, surgery, and physiotherapy. Complications can be immediate, early, or late and include shock, infection, organ failure, contractures, and cancer.
Thermal injuries to the body can occur from various heat sources and cause burns or scalds of different depths. Scalds are caused by moist heat and result in blistering while burns are caused by dry heat and cause tissue desiccation and necrosis. The degree of burn is classified based on depth of tissue injury. Proper assessment of burn size, depth, and inhalation injury is important. Major burns can lead to hypovolemic shock, infection, organ dysfunction and death if not managed promptly with fluid resuscitation, wound care, infection control and surgery. Outcomes depend on percentage of body surface area burned, depth of burn and presence of inhalational injury.
Thermal injury is caused by temperatures exceeding tissue damage thresholds. Burns are classified by depth and cause. Superficial burns involve the epidermis while deep second degree burns involve the dermis. Third degree burns destroy the entire dermis. Systemic effects include hypovolemic shock, cardiac dysfunction, and increased infection risk. Burn assessment tools include the Rule of Nines and Lund-Browder chart. Treatment involves fluid resuscitation, wound care, infection prevention and rehabilitation to address complications like contractures.
This document provides a classification and overview of burn injuries. It discusses:
1. The classification of burns based on etiology including thermal, electrical, chemical, radiation, and inhalation injuries.
2. The degrees of burn injuries from first to fourth degree based on depth of tissue damage.
3. Key aspects of burn management including emergent resuscitation focusing on airway, circulation and fluid replacement to maintain organ function in the first 24-48 hours.
4. Wound care including open and closed methods and use of antimicrobial agents like silver sulfadiazine cream.
This document discusses burn injuries, including:
1) It describes the different types of burns - thermal, chemical, electrical, radiation, and cold injuries. Thermal burns are further divided into flame, scald, and contact burns.
2) It explains the pathophysiology of burns, including the zones of injury and the systemic inflammatory response. Management of burns is also covered, focusing on airway control, fluid resuscitation, wound care, and infection prevention.
3) The severity of burns is classified based on depth and total body surface area affected. Deep partial thickness and full thickness burns require specialized wound care and skin grafting.
This document summarizes the pathophysiology and management of different types of burns. It describes the classification of burns based on depth and extent of injury. Thermal burns are the most common and can be caused by flame, scald, or contact with hot objects. Chemical and electrical burns cause tissue destruction through different mechanisms. The pathophysiology of burns involves fluid shifts, hypermetabolism, and immune dysfunction. Burn management focuses on airway protection, fluid resuscitation according to the Parkland formula, wound care, pain control, and infection prevention.
BURN ... by Dr. Rezuan .. JIMCH , BangladeshRezuan Rifat
This document provides information on burns, including definitions, causes, pathophysiology, assessment, and management. Some key points:
- Burns are injuries caused by dry heat, flames, scalds from hot liquids, chemicals, or electricity. They can range from superficial to full thickness burns.
- The pathophysiology involves fluid shifts from blood vessels into burned tissue, causing shock. This leads to cardiac, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, metabolic, and immune system changes.
- Burn severity is determined by depth, extent, location, and patient factors. The rule of nines and Lund & Browder charts are used to estimate burn size.
- Initial management involves stopping the burning, providing oxygen, elevating
Burn injuries cause significant damage and health issues globally. They are the fourth most common type of trauma worldwide, with nearly 200,000 deaths annually. Most burns occur in low to middle income countries that lack infrastructure to treat them. Burns damage skin tissue through heat, chemicals, electricity or other sources. They are classified based on the depth of tissue destruction. Proper assessment of burn severity and depth is important for treatment. Burn injuries can cause shock, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and long-term metabolic changes like increased energy expenditure if not properly managed.
Burn injuries can cause significant damage and require careful management. The document discusses:
1) The classification, pathophysiology, and stages of management for burn injuries including the emergent/resuscitative, acute, and rehabilitative phases.
2) Key aspects of the emergent phase include airway management, fluid resuscitation using formulas like Parkland, and wound care/debridement to prevent infection.
3) The acute phase focuses on wound healing through techniques like escharotomy, skin grafting using temporary or permanent options, and nutritional/physical therapy.
This document provides information on the management of patients with burns. It defines burns and classifies them based on etiology, depth and extent. It describes the epidemiology of burns in India. The pathophysiology of burns involves cell lysis, increased capillary permeability and systemic inflammatory response. Management involves three phases - emergent, acute and rehabilitative. The emergent phase focuses on airway protection, fluid resuscitation using Parkland formula and monitoring for adequacy. Wound care and prevention of infection are addressed in the acute phase.
1) Burns are wounds caused by heat, chemicals, electricity or radiation that lead to skin tissue death. Thermal burns include flame, scald, smoke or radiation burns.
2) Burns are classified based on depth and percentage of total body surface area affected. Deeper burns involving deeper skin or muscle layers require grafting to heal.
3) Large burns trigger systemic inflammatory responses, increasing vascular permeability and fluid shifts that can cause shock. This impacts the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
1) Burns are caused by excessive heat or caustic chemicals damaging the skin. Burn severity depends on factors like temperature, duration of contact, extent of burn area, and depth of burn.
2) Burns are classified by depth - superficial burns involve only the epidermis, partial thickness burns also involve the dermis, and full thickness burns extend through the entire dermis.
3) Treatment of burns involves initial evaluation, fluid resuscitation to prevent shock, wound care like dressings and possible excision/grafting, adequate nutrition to prevent complications from increased metabolic needs, and managing complications.
1. A burn is an injury to the skin or flesh caused by heat, electricity, chemicals, friction or radiation. The severity depends on the temperature and duration of exposure.
2. About 2.4 million people suffer burns annually in the US, with 700,000 cases requiring medical treatment. The main causes are thermal, electrical, chemical and radiation burns.
3. Burns are classified by depth and extent of the affected body surface area. Depth is classified as superficial, partial-thickness, or full-thickness. Extent is classified using methods like the Rule of Nines or Lund and Browder chart.
Burns are caused by thermal, chemical, electrical or radiation injury leading to tissue damage. The extent and severity of burns is classified based on the percentage of total body surface area affected and depth of tissue injury. Major systemic effects include circulatory shock, respiratory complications, metabolic changes and increased risk of infection due to suppression of the immune system. Prompt resuscitation and treatment is needed to prevent further tissue damage and organ failure.
The document discusses emergency management of burns. It provides information on common causes of burns, pathophysiology involving initial and secondary tissue damage, burn wound classification models, and initial management steps of EMSB (airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure, fluids). It also covers assessment of burn severity and extent, wound care, fluid resuscitation guidelines, signs necessitating escharotomy or burn unit transfer, and the evolving nature of burn wounds over time.
The document discusses emergency management of burns. It provides information on common causes of burns, pathophysiology involving initial and secondary tissue damage, burn wound classification models, and initial management following the EMSB (airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure, fluids) protocol. Key points include fluid resuscitation using the Parkland formula, monitoring for signs of circulatory obstruction in limbs, considering escharotomy if needed, and criteria for burn patient transfer to a specialized burn unit.
An extensive presentation on the anatomy, physiology, classification and management of various degree of burns. I made this in the final year of my Anesthesia residency and I have tried to add the maximum information as possible to make this a useful source for anyone.
Cryosurgery Dr Manasa Shettisara JanneyManasa Janney
Cryosurgery is a safe, inexpensive, and simple procedure that uses extreme cold to destroy diseased tissue without the need for anesthesia. It has several advantages including short preparation time, sutureless healing, and good cosmetic results. Liquid nitrogen is commonly used as the cryogen to rapidly freeze tissue through mechanisms like intracellular ice formation and vascular damage, resulting in ischemic necrosis. Factors like freezing rate and thaw time influence tissue destruction. Cryosurgery is used to treat various skin conditions like warts, actinic keratosis, and basal cell carcinoma. Potential complications include pain, blistering, wound infection, and pigmentary changes.
"Understanding Burns: A Comprehensive Overview"
This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of burns, covering their classification, causes, symptoms, and treatment options. From minor burns to severe injuries, we explore the various degrees of burns and the associated complications. Additionally, we delve into preventive measures and first aid techniques for burn management. Whether you're a healthcare professional or simply interested in learning more about burns, this presentation offers valuable insights into this common yet often misunderstood injury.
This document provides information on the emergency care of burns. It discusses the initial management of burns which includes assessing the airway, giving oxygen, starting IV fluids, examining the patient from head to toe ("ABCDE") and estimating the total body surface area (TBSA) involved. It describes the types of burns, fluid resuscitation guidelines, signs of burn shock, management of electrical and chemical burns, and wound care. The key points are initial stabilization of the patient and airway, rapid fluid resuscitation based on TBSA, and treatment specific to the causative agent for chemical or electrical burns.
SIDE LAB INVESTIGATIONS IN DERMATOLOGY srt-1.pptxshashank royal
Side lab investigations in dermatology can provide rapid diagnostic information at the point of care. Some common tests include KOH mount to detect fungi, dark ground microscopy for syphilis, and slit skin smear for leprosy. Specimen collection and slide preparation vary by test. For KOH, samples from skin, hair or nails are placed on a slide with potassium hydroxide to visualize fungal elements. For dark ground microscopy of syphilis, serous fluid is collected from a lesion. Slit skin smears involve making a small incision and scraping tissue for acid fast staining to identify Mycobacterium leprae. Other techniques discussed are Gram staining, Ziehl-Neelsen staining,
1. Burns are injuries to the skin or tissues caused by heat, cold, electricity, chemicals, friction or radiation. They range from minor to life threatening emergencies depending on location and severity.
2. Burn classification includes first through fourth degree burns based on depth of tissue damage. Management involves stopping the burning process, assessing airway/breathing/circulation, giving fluids and antibiotics to prevent infection.
3. Fluid resuscitation is critical for large burns using the Parkland formula to calculate fluid amounts in the first 24 hours to prevent hypovolemic shock. Complications can include infection, fluid loss, hypothermia and breathing issues.
This document provides an overview of burn injuries including:
1. The pathophysiology of burns including fluid shifts, systemic changes, and the hypermetabolic response.
2. Classification of burns by depth and severity. Thermal burns can cause damage from coagulation to hyperemia.
3. Management of burns focuses on airway control, fluid resuscitation using formulas like Parkland, and wound care including escharotomy, fasciotomy, and debridement.
This document provides an overview of the approach to dermatologic diagnosis and the morphology of skin lesions. It discusses taking a thorough patient history and performing a physical exam, noting the four cardinal features of describing lesions - type, shape, arrangement, and distribution. Common skin lesions are defined, including macules, papules, plaques, nodules, vesicles, pustules, and others. Morphologic characteristics like color, size, texture, and distribution are important for diagnosis. A systematic approach including history, exam, and potential investigations is essential for evaluating skin conditions.
PEDIATRIC POISONING IN CHILDREN(part 01).pptxMeekSusiku
Poisoning is a really concern to our society and hence a health practitioner must have the need to understand and have the knowledge of what poisoning, what are it's causes, it's effects and how should he/she approach a poisoned patient. This slides provides the definition/causes/approach to poisoning.
slide helps a medical student and physician understand the basics of burns( definition, types, causes, assessment, stages, zones, complications and basic principles of management).
This document summarizes the pathophysiology and management of different types of burns. It describes the classification of burns based on depth and extent of injury. Thermal burns are the most common and can be caused by flame, scald, or contact with hot objects. Chemical and electrical burns cause tissue destruction through different mechanisms. The pathophysiology of burns involves fluid shifts, hypermetabolism, and immune dysfunction. Burn management focuses on airway protection, fluid resuscitation according to the Parkland formula, wound care, pain control, and infection prevention.
BURN ... by Dr. Rezuan .. JIMCH , BangladeshRezuan Rifat
This document provides information on burns, including definitions, causes, pathophysiology, assessment, and management. Some key points:
- Burns are injuries caused by dry heat, flames, scalds from hot liquids, chemicals, or electricity. They can range from superficial to full thickness burns.
- The pathophysiology involves fluid shifts from blood vessels into burned tissue, causing shock. This leads to cardiac, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, metabolic, and immune system changes.
- Burn severity is determined by depth, extent, location, and patient factors. The rule of nines and Lund & Browder charts are used to estimate burn size.
- Initial management involves stopping the burning, providing oxygen, elevating
Burn injuries cause significant damage and health issues globally. They are the fourth most common type of trauma worldwide, with nearly 200,000 deaths annually. Most burns occur in low to middle income countries that lack infrastructure to treat them. Burns damage skin tissue through heat, chemicals, electricity or other sources. They are classified based on the depth of tissue destruction. Proper assessment of burn severity and depth is important for treatment. Burn injuries can cause shock, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and long-term metabolic changes like increased energy expenditure if not properly managed.
Burn injuries can cause significant damage and require careful management. The document discusses:
1) The classification, pathophysiology, and stages of management for burn injuries including the emergent/resuscitative, acute, and rehabilitative phases.
2) Key aspects of the emergent phase include airway management, fluid resuscitation using formulas like Parkland, and wound care/debridement to prevent infection.
3) The acute phase focuses on wound healing through techniques like escharotomy, skin grafting using temporary or permanent options, and nutritional/physical therapy.
This document provides information on the management of patients with burns. It defines burns and classifies them based on etiology, depth and extent. It describes the epidemiology of burns in India. The pathophysiology of burns involves cell lysis, increased capillary permeability and systemic inflammatory response. Management involves three phases - emergent, acute and rehabilitative. The emergent phase focuses on airway protection, fluid resuscitation using Parkland formula and monitoring for adequacy. Wound care and prevention of infection are addressed in the acute phase.
1) Burns are wounds caused by heat, chemicals, electricity or radiation that lead to skin tissue death. Thermal burns include flame, scald, smoke or radiation burns.
2) Burns are classified based on depth and percentage of total body surface area affected. Deeper burns involving deeper skin or muscle layers require grafting to heal.
3) Large burns trigger systemic inflammatory responses, increasing vascular permeability and fluid shifts that can cause shock. This impacts the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
1) Burns are caused by excessive heat or caustic chemicals damaging the skin. Burn severity depends on factors like temperature, duration of contact, extent of burn area, and depth of burn.
2) Burns are classified by depth - superficial burns involve only the epidermis, partial thickness burns also involve the dermis, and full thickness burns extend through the entire dermis.
3) Treatment of burns involves initial evaluation, fluid resuscitation to prevent shock, wound care like dressings and possible excision/grafting, adequate nutrition to prevent complications from increased metabolic needs, and managing complications.
1. A burn is an injury to the skin or flesh caused by heat, electricity, chemicals, friction or radiation. The severity depends on the temperature and duration of exposure.
2. About 2.4 million people suffer burns annually in the US, with 700,000 cases requiring medical treatment. The main causes are thermal, electrical, chemical and radiation burns.
3. Burns are classified by depth and extent of the affected body surface area. Depth is classified as superficial, partial-thickness, or full-thickness. Extent is classified using methods like the Rule of Nines or Lund and Browder chart.
Burns are caused by thermal, chemical, electrical or radiation injury leading to tissue damage. The extent and severity of burns is classified based on the percentage of total body surface area affected and depth of tissue injury. Major systemic effects include circulatory shock, respiratory complications, metabolic changes and increased risk of infection due to suppression of the immune system. Prompt resuscitation and treatment is needed to prevent further tissue damage and organ failure.
The document discusses emergency management of burns. It provides information on common causes of burns, pathophysiology involving initial and secondary tissue damage, burn wound classification models, and initial management steps of EMSB (airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure, fluids). It also covers assessment of burn severity and extent, wound care, fluid resuscitation guidelines, signs necessitating escharotomy or burn unit transfer, and the evolving nature of burn wounds over time.
The document discusses emergency management of burns. It provides information on common causes of burns, pathophysiology involving initial and secondary tissue damage, burn wound classification models, and initial management following the EMSB (airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure, fluids) protocol. Key points include fluid resuscitation using the Parkland formula, monitoring for signs of circulatory obstruction in limbs, considering escharotomy if needed, and criteria for burn patient transfer to a specialized burn unit.
An extensive presentation on the anatomy, physiology, classification and management of various degree of burns. I made this in the final year of my Anesthesia residency and I have tried to add the maximum information as possible to make this a useful source for anyone.
Cryosurgery Dr Manasa Shettisara JanneyManasa Janney
Cryosurgery is a safe, inexpensive, and simple procedure that uses extreme cold to destroy diseased tissue without the need for anesthesia. It has several advantages including short preparation time, sutureless healing, and good cosmetic results. Liquid nitrogen is commonly used as the cryogen to rapidly freeze tissue through mechanisms like intracellular ice formation and vascular damage, resulting in ischemic necrosis. Factors like freezing rate and thaw time influence tissue destruction. Cryosurgery is used to treat various skin conditions like warts, actinic keratosis, and basal cell carcinoma. Potential complications include pain, blistering, wound infection, and pigmentary changes.
"Understanding Burns: A Comprehensive Overview"
This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of burns, covering their classification, causes, symptoms, and treatment options. From minor burns to severe injuries, we explore the various degrees of burns and the associated complications. Additionally, we delve into preventive measures and first aid techniques for burn management. Whether you're a healthcare professional or simply interested in learning more about burns, this presentation offers valuable insights into this common yet often misunderstood injury.
This document provides information on the emergency care of burns. It discusses the initial management of burns which includes assessing the airway, giving oxygen, starting IV fluids, examining the patient from head to toe ("ABCDE") and estimating the total body surface area (TBSA) involved. It describes the types of burns, fluid resuscitation guidelines, signs of burn shock, management of electrical and chemical burns, and wound care. The key points are initial stabilization of the patient and airway, rapid fluid resuscitation based on TBSA, and treatment specific to the causative agent for chemical or electrical burns.
SIDE LAB INVESTIGATIONS IN DERMATOLOGY srt-1.pptxshashank royal
Side lab investigations in dermatology can provide rapid diagnostic information at the point of care. Some common tests include KOH mount to detect fungi, dark ground microscopy for syphilis, and slit skin smear for leprosy. Specimen collection and slide preparation vary by test. For KOH, samples from skin, hair or nails are placed on a slide with potassium hydroxide to visualize fungal elements. For dark ground microscopy of syphilis, serous fluid is collected from a lesion. Slit skin smears involve making a small incision and scraping tissue for acid fast staining to identify Mycobacterium leprae. Other techniques discussed are Gram staining, Ziehl-Neelsen staining,
1. Burns are injuries to the skin or tissues caused by heat, cold, electricity, chemicals, friction or radiation. They range from minor to life threatening emergencies depending on location and severity.
2. Burn classification includes first through fourth degree burns based on depth of tissue damage. Management involves stopping the burning process, assessing airway/breathing/circulation, giving fluids and antibiotics to prevent infection.
3. Fluid resuscitation is critical for large burns using the Parkland formula to calculate fluid amounts in the first 24 hours to prevent hypovolemic shock. Complications can include infection, fluid loss, hypothermia and breathing issues.
This document provides an overview of burn injuries including:
1. The pathophysiology of burns including fluid shifts, systemic changes, and the hypermetabolic response.
2. Classification of burns by depth and severity. Thermal burns can cause damage from coagulation to hyperemia.
3. Management of burns focuses on airway control, fluid resuscitation using formulas like Parkland, and wound care including escharotomy, fasciotomy, and debridement.
This document provides an overview of the approach to dermatologic diagnosis and the morphology of skin lesions. It discusses taking a thorough patient history and performing a physical exam, noting the four cardinal features of describing lesions - type, shape, arrangement, and distribution. Common skin lesions are defined, including macules, papules, plaques, nodules, vesicles, pustules, and others. Morphologic characteristics like color, size, texture, and distribution are important for diagnosis. A systematic approach including history, exam, and potential investigations is essential for evaluating skin conditions.
PEDIATRIC POISONING IN CHILDREN(part 01).pptxMeekSusiku
Poisoning is a really concern to our society and hence a health practitioner must have the need to understand and have the knowledge of what poisoning, what are it's causes, it's effects and how should he/she approach a poisoned patient. This slides provides the definition/causes/approach to poisoning.
slide helps a medical student and physician understand the basics of burns( definition, types, causes, assessment, stages, zones, complications and basic principles of management).
This document defines abortion and miscarriage as pregnancy loss before 28 weeks or a fetal weight of 1000 grams. It classifies abortions as either induced, which are intentional terminations, or spontaneous, which occur despite the willingness to continue the pregnancy. The main causes of spontaneous abortions discussed are genetic abnormalities, endocrine/metabolic factors, mechanical issues, infections, immunological conditions, drug/alcohol use, and sometimes unknown causes. Clinical presentations vary based on factors like bleeding, pain, cervical dilation, and ultrasound findings. Complications can include hemorrhage, injury, infection, and infertility.
This slides gives a basic understanding of urinary tract infections to a general physician, it's definition,epidemiology, causes, risk factors, clinical features, investigations, treatment and prevention.
It also helps a physician to have the ability on to mange urinary tract infections in paediatric patients.
THYROTOXICOSIS AND GRAVES DISEASE(part 01).pptxMeekSusiku
Thyrotoxicosis is an essential endocrine topic that each physician must have adequate knowledge. This slide explains the defition of thyrotoxicosis and graves disease as well as the causes, pathogenesis, clinical features and approach.
Heart failure is a structural and functional complex condition that needs to be understood by a physician hence adequate knowledge is needed. This slides provides understanding of heart failure, it's definition, classification/types,risk and precipitating factors, pathophysiology, clinical features (symptoms and signs), diagnosis/investigations, complications and management (both non pharmacological and pharmacological).
Shock is a life threatening emergency which all physicians must know.
This slide helps in the understanding of shock, it's definition/classification/pathophysiology/clinical features/investigations and assessment of shock..
1.) Provides understanding of clinical knowledge of neurodegenerative disorders (parkinson's disease).
2.) To help health professionals to be to identify parkinson's disease
3.) Gives an understanding of the development of parkinson's disease and it's effects as well as treatment.
4.) Also help health professionals in research to gain more understanding of parkinson's disease.
Parkinson's disease is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disease. It typically has an onset around age 60 and is more common in men than women. Risk factors include certain environmental exposures as well as genetic factors. The disease is characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and formation of intraneuronal inclusions called Lewy bodies. This leads to decreased dopamine levels in the striatum and impaired function of the basal ganglia, resulting in the motor symptoms of Parkinson's such as tremors and impaired movement.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
DECLARATION OF HELSINKI - History and principlesanaghabharat01
This SlideShare presentation provides a comprehensive overview of the Declaration of Helsinki, a foundational document outlining ethical guidelines for conducting medical research involving human subjects.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
4. DEFINITION:
• Type of coagulative or liquifactive destruction of the
surface layers of the body.
• It is the response of the skin, mucous membrane and
subcutaneous tissue to the thermal and few non
thermal injuries.
5. CAUSES:
• THERMAL CAUSES
• Scald- seconadry to spillage of hot liquids
• Flames- super heated oxidized air
• contact- due to hot and cold solid
• Flash burns- due to hot gases and combustible liquids
• NON THERMAL CAUSES
• Chemical- labs or chemical industries
• electrical
• cold injury-frost/frost bite
• ionizing radiation
• sun burns
6. • BURNS DUE TO CHEMICALS:
• Can be acid or alkaline burn
• question: which is more dangerous? acid or alkaline
• ans: Alkaline
examples of acid: hydrochloric
acid(HCL), sulphuric acid(H2SO4)
examples of alkaline: potassium
hydroxide(KOH), sodium
hydroxide(NAOH)
pathophysiology: acid burns causes
coagulative necrosis which protects
the underlying tissues from acid
exposure
pathophysiology: alkaline burns
cause liquifactive necrosis that
causes saponification of tissues and
hence leads to alkaline exposure
which bleach the tissue.
7. • ELECTRICAL BURNS:
• Can be: low voltage(120v-240v) or high voltage(>1000V)
• Note: parts in which electricity can pass through with low
resistance: blood vessels, subcutaneous tissue, nerves.
• can cause:
• Renal failure: in muscles, electrical burns cause myonecrosis
which leads to release of myoglobin- causes damage to the
kidney via excretion and later on, will cause acute tubular
necrosis.
• Arrythmias and cardiac arrest.
8. CLASSIFICATION:
• FIRST DEGREE/SUPERFICIAL BURNS
• Injury to epidermis only
• epithelial barrier is intact
• heals rapidly by re-epithelialization with no scars in 5-7 days.
• pin prick test is positive(severe pain to prick)
• presentation: redness, pain, no blisters and no scarring
• Complication: increased risk of skin cancer
• SECOND DEGREE/PARTIAL THICKNESS BURNS
• Divided into: superficial partial thickness and deep partial thickness
SUPERFICIAL PARTIAL THICKNESS DEEP PARTIAL THICKNESS
Above level of papillary dermis
presentation: red, blanches to touch, blistering, moist
Involves reticular dermis
presentation: no blistering, pale, mottled appearance,
maybe painful or insensate(depending on depth)
resolves in 1 to 2 weeks(14 days) by epithelialization resolves in 3 to 5 weeks(35 days) by epithelialization and
contracture
minimal or permenant scars but leaves discoloration scar formation
9. THIRD DEGREE/FULL THICKNESSS BURNS
• Ascended the subcutaneous space(both epidermis and dermis
are burnt)
• coagulation of subcutaneous tissue
• presentation: white leathery eschar, painless, no blistering, look
dull or dark, white or cherry red
• no blanching
• Complication: scarring, contracture and amputation
• FOURTH DEGREE
• Deep till the bones
• Complication: Amputation, functional impairment, gangrene and
death.
10.
11.
12.
13. ZONES OF BURNS
• ZONE OF COAGULATION:
• Once a cold/hot surface is in contact with the body- cells undergo coagulative necrosis
and disruption.
• Necrotic area where tissue will not recover
• ZONE OF STASIS:
• Surrounds zone of coagulation
• increased percentage of thromboxane A2 resulting in vasicinstriction
• they is leakage and disruption of blood vessels leading to decreased tissue perfusion.
• tissue can recover or become necrotic
• ZONE OF HYPEREMIA:
• They is vasodilation and increased capillary blood flow
• they is recruitment of white blood cells and other infammatory cells to the zone of
coagulation and stasis.
• healing process begins from this viable tissue.
14.
15. ASSESSMENT OF BURNS
• BY ESTIMATE%: We use=
• Alfred wallace rule of 9(in Adults)/rule of 7(in children)
16.
17. • RULE OF PALM:
• Palm of patient is approximately 1% total body surface
area(TBSA).
• LUND AND BROWDY CHART: MOST ACCURATE
20. MANAGEMENT
• INITIAL:
• a.) Remove source or victim from the source
• b.) Cool the burn wound with room temperature water(tap water)
for 10-15 mins to help to decrease the depth of the wound.
21. • C.) Resuscitate- A,B,C,D,E and fluids
• A-airways:
• maintain cervical(c-spine)
• intubate if suspected inhalational injury
• WHEN TO INTUBATE?
• partial pressure of:
• oxygen(PaO2)<60mmhg
• carbondioxide(PaCO2)>50mmhg
• PaO2/PaCO2>200
• upper airway edema
• impending respiratory failure
22. • WHAT IS AN INHALATIONAL INJURY?
• is respiratory injury due to inhalation of toxic gases
• can be: oedema of the vocal cord, cherrins, mucosal ulceration
and sloughing
• treatment: Administer oxygen and bronchodilators
29. REFERENCES
• SURGERY ESSENCE (8TH EDITION) BY DR PRITISH SINGH
• BURNS PRESENTATION BY DR .B. SELVARAJ
• BAILEY AND LOVE’S: SHORT PRACTICE OF SURGERY(27TH
EDITION) BY DR HENRY HAMILTON BAILEY, E’TAL..
• REVISED MAGIC NOTES
30. • YOU ARE TIRED KAH..
• ONLY YOU CAN LICK YOUR ELBOW WITH YOUR TONGUE
THEN YOU CAN REST.
• ENJOY THE MEDICINE.
• THANK YOU