1. استاد راهنما : دکتر محمد حسن صفر علیزاده ارائه : شهرام آرمیده B.t CROP بسم الله الرحمن الرحیم

3. Forest damage for increase crop

6. Bacillus thuringiensis

7. PROTOXIN TOXIN PROTEAS ENZYMES N-TERMINAL C-TERMINAL

8. Three-dimensional structures of Cry1A, Cry3A, and Cyt2A.

10. Structural-functional features of d-endotoxin domains. Receptor binding, Ion channel regulation and insect specificity '  ' sandwich of two antiparallel '  ' sheets 501-644 463-609 Domain III 3. Receptor binding and specificity determination Three antiparallel '  ' sheets folded into three loops 291-500 265-461 Domain II 2. Pore formation Seven  helices 58-290 33-252 Domain I 1. Cry3A Cry1Aa Function(s) Secondary structures Amino acid sequence Domain no

11. CADR = Cadherin receptor ALP =Alkaline phosphates CCR =Glyco-conjugate receptor APN =Amino peptidase - N RECEPTORS

16. TRANSGENIC PLANTS NUTRITIONAL QUALITY BIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE ABIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE PHARMACEUTICALS & EDIBLE VACCINE HYBRID DEVELOPMENT FOR HIGHER YIELD ENHANCED SHELF LIFE INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS

19. انتقال مواد بازدارنده از عمل آنزیمها (Enzyme inhibitors ) Serin Protease Inhibitors = SPIs Cowpea trypsin inhibitor = CPTi Thiol Protease Inhibitor = TPIs Soybean Trypsin Inhibitors= SBTI () Oryzacystatin – proteinase inhibitor = Oci

22. انتقال ژنوم تولید کننده توکسین و دلتا – اندوتوکسین از B.t به گیاهان :

23. Genetically Modified Crops Bacillus thuringiensis e.g. Bt crops a common soil bacterium produces an insecticidal protein long used by organic gardeners B.t gene inserted into crop genomes B.T CROP

26. Clone the gene Ti plasmid ori Bt gene Bacillus thuringiensis Delta endotoxin crystal Ti genes spore

27. soybean minor Uruguay corn minor France corn minor Germany corn minor Spain soybean, potato minor Romania corn minor Bulgaria cotton minor Mexico cotton 0.4 Australia corn, cotton 0.5 South Africa cotton 1.2 China soybean, corn, canola 7.4 Canada soybean, corn, cotton 24.7 Argentina soybean, corn, cotton, canola 74.8 USA Crops grown Area planted in 2000 (millions of acres) Country Transgenic crop production area by country (source: James, 2000b )

28. 0.3 Virus resistance 7.2 Bt + herbicide tolerance 22.0 Bt insect resistance 69.4 Herbicide tolerance Trait 0.3 Papaya 0.3 Squash 0.3 Potato 8.4 Canola 9.1 Cotton 27.4 Corn 53.4 Soybean Area planted in 1999 (millions of acres) Crop Worldwide production area of transgenic crops and traits (source: Science 286:1663, 1999).

30. Step 1: DNA Extraction

31. Step 2: Gene Cloning

32. Step 3 : Gene Design

33. Step 4: Transformation

34. روشهای انتقال ژن 1- انتقال ژن بوسیله ناقل : 2- انتقال ژن بطورمستقیم یا بدون ناقل : 1- Agrobacterium tumefaciens Caulimoviruses 2- Viruses Geminiviruses DaMV CaMV CERV CTV

35. 2- انتقال ژن بطورمستقیم یا بدون ناقل : ELECTROPORATION PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT ULTRA SONIC METHODE SCF 2-1- فیزیکی POLLEN Liposome

36. 2-2- شیمیائی PEG CaPo4 PEG

37. Agrobacterium tumefaciens

38. carrier bacterium. having transgene Transfer of transgene in to A. tumefaciens (agrobacterium) Agrobacterium inserts gene into plant cell. Transformed plant cell Plant cell division Grow cells in tissue culture to form transformed plantlets. Transgenic plants with a new trait DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSGENIC PLANTS BY AGROBACTERIUM MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION

39. Step 5: Backcross Breeding

42. Diagram of the Bt refuge strategy, in which at least 20% of a farm's corn acreage must be planted to non-BT corn. R = resistant European corn borer adult; S = susceptible adult.

44. Most Rapid Acceptance of any Agricultural Technology since the Tractor

47. REGARDS TO ALL YOUR ATTENTION