Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL) is India's largest public sector telecom company. It provides various telecom services including landline, broadband, mobile, and enterprise services. BSNL has extensive telecom infrastructure across India with millions of landlines and mobile connections. Its vision is to be a leading global telecom provider with a focus on customer service excellence and leveraging technology. The document provides details on BSNL's services, networks, and technologies like broadband and DSL that help deliver these services to customers.

1. INTRODUCTION TO BSNL
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. formed in October, 2000, is World's 7th largest
Telecommunications Company providing comprehensive range of Telecom services
in India: Wire line, CDMA mobile, GSM Mobile, Internet, Broadband, Carrier
service, MPLS-VPN, VSAT, VoIP services, IN Services etc. Presently it is one of the
largest & leading Public Sector units in India.
BSNL has installed Quality Telecom Network in the country and now
focusing on improving it, expanding the Network, introducing new Telecom
services with ICT applications in villages and wining customer's confidence.
Today, it has about 46 million line basic telephone capacity, 5.06 Million WLL
capacity, 52 Million GSM Capacity, more than 38302 fixed exchanges, 46565
BTS, 3895 Node B ( 3G BTS), 287 Satellite Stations, 614755 RKM of OFC Cable,
50430 RKM of Microwave Network connecting 602 Districts, 7330 cities/towns
and 5.6 Lakhs villages.
VISION:
• Be the leading telecom service provider in India with global presence.
• Create a customer focused organization with excellence in customer care,
sales and marketing.
• Leverage technology to provide affordable and innovative telecom.
Services/products across customer segments.
MISSION:
Be the leading telecom service provider in India with global presence.
• Becoming the most trusted, preferred and admired telecom brand
• Providing reliable telecom services that are value for money
• Generating value for all stakeholders – employees, shareholders, vendors &
business associates
• Excellence in customer service -friendly, reliable, time bound, convenient and
courteous service
• Offering differentiated products/services tailored to different service segments

2. • Developing a marketing and sales culture that is responsive to customer needs
• To explore International markets for Global presence
• Maximizing return on existing assets with sustained focus on profitability.
HYPERLINK
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BSNL_Logo.svg"
Type Government-owned
Industry Telecommunications
Founded 15 September 2000
Headquarters New Delhi, India
Key people Anupam Shrivastava (Chairman & MD)
Services Fixed line and mobile
telephony, Internet services, digital
television, IPTV
Revenue ₹32,918 crore (US$5.1 billion)
(2016)
Net income ₹3,855 million (US$60 million) (2016)
Total assets ₹893 billion (US$14 billion)
(2014)
Owner Government of India

3. Members 93.29 million (June 2015)
Number of employees 211,086 (2016)
Website www.bsnl.co.in
BSNL Services:
1) BSNL LANDLINE
• NEWTELEPHONECONNECTION
• PERMANENTCONNECTION
• CONCESSIONINRENTALS
• SHIFTOFTELEPHONE
• TRANSFEROFTELEPHONE
• TELEPHONETARIFF
2) BSNL MOBILE
• POSTPAID
• PREPAID
• UNIFIEDMESSAGING
• GPRS/WAP/MMS
• DEMOs
• TARIFF
• SMS&BULKSMS
3) BSNL WLL
4) INTERNET SERVICES
• NETWORK
• BROADBAND
• TYPESOFACCESS

4. • NTERBETTARIFF
• DIAL-UPINTRENET
• Wi-Fi
5) BSNL BROADBAND
• REGISTERONLINE
• TARIFF
• CHECK USAGE
• FAQ
6) ISDN
 ISDN
 TARIFF
7) VIDEO CONFERRENCING
• OVERVIEW
• TARIFF
• FAQ
8) AUDIO CONFERRENCING
• OVERVIEW
• TARIFF
• FAQ
9) TELEX/TELEGRAPH
• TELEX/TELEGRAGH
• TARIFF
10) INET
• OVERVIEW
• SERVICESONINET
• USINGONINET
11) EPABX

5. • EPABX
• CENTREX
• TRANSPONDER
Broadband Dataone
BSNL has a world class, multi-gigabit, multi-protocol, convergent IP infrastructure through
National Internet Backbone, through which it is providing convergent services through the
same backbone and broadband access network. The Broadband service is available on ADSL
technology (on the same copper cable that is used for connecting telephone), on a
countrywide basis.
In terms of infrastructure for broadband services NIB has put India at par with most
advanced nations. The services that are supported includes:
• Always-on broadband access to the Internet for residential and business customers
• Content based services
• Internet Protocol TV (IPTV)
• Games on Demand
• Music and Video on Demand
Major Highlights of Broadband Service
• High speed Internet connectivity (upto 24 Mbps)
• Virtual Private Network (VPN) service to the broadband customers
• Pre-paid and post paid broadband services.
Technical Capability of the Backbone
The Broadband Service is being given through the state of the art Multi Protocol Label
Switching (MPLS) based IP Infrastructure, which is designed to provide reliable routes to
cover all possible destinations within and outside the country. Layer 1 of the network consist
of a high speed Backbone comprising of 29 powerful Core Routers connected with high
speed 2.5 Gbps(STM-16) links. The routers are located on the national DWDM network
interfacing at STM-16 optical level to provide for high transmission speeds.
What the customer needs in order to be able to use Broadband?
• BSNL's Bfone (Basic phone) connection
• Personel Computer/Laptop with 10/100 Ethernet Port
• ADSL CPE (Customer Premise Equipment). This can be taken from BSNL at nominal
rental per month or may be outrightly purchased.

6. Broadband in DSL:
Thevariousformsofdigitalsubscriberline(DSL)servicesare broadband inthesensethatdigital
informationissentoverahigh-bandwidthchannel.Thischannelislocatedabove(i.e.,athigher frequency
than)thebasebandvoicechannelonasinglepairofwires.
Digital Subscriber Line:
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) is a familyof technologies that provides digital datatransmissionover
thewires ofalocal telephonenetwork.DSLoriginallystoodfor digital subscriber loop.In
telecommunicationsmarketing,thetermDigitalSubscriberLineiswidelyunderstoodtomean
AsymmetricDigitalSubscriberLine(ADSL),themostcommonlyinstalledtechnicalvarietyofDSL.DSL
serviceisdeliveredsimultaneouslywithregulartelephoneonthesametelephoneline.Thisispossible
becauseDSLusesahigherfrequency.Thesefrequencybandsaresubsequentlyseparatedbyfiltering.
ThedatathroughputofconsumerDSLservicestypicallyrangesfrom256Kb/sto40Mbit/sin
thedirectiontothecustomer(downstream),dependingonDSLtechnology,lineconditions,andservice-
levelimplementation.InADSL,thedatathroughputintheupstreamdirection,(i.e.inthedirectiontothe
serviceprovider)islower,hencethedesignation of asymmetric
service.InSymmetricDigitalSubscriberLine(SDSL)service,thedownstreamandupstreamdataratesare
equal.

7. Network Connectivity Diagram:
Typical setup and connection procedures
Physicalconnectionmustcomefirst.Onthecustomerside,theDSLTransceiver,orATU-R,ormore
commonlyknownasaDSLmodem,ishookeduptoaphoneline.Thetelephonecompany(telco)
connectstheotherendofthelinetoa DSLAM,whichconcentratesalarge numberofindividualDSL
connectionsintoasinglebox.ThelocationoftheDSLAMdependsonthetelco,butitcannotbelocated
toofarfromtheuserbecauseofattenuation,thelossofdataduetothelargeamountofelectrical
resistanceencounteredasthedatamovesbetweentheDSLAMandtheuser'sDSLmodem.Itiscommon
forafewresidentialblockstobeconnectedtooneDSLAM.
WhentheDSLmodempowersupitgoesthroughasyncprocedure.Theactualprocessvariesfrom
modemtomodembutgenerallyinvolvesthefollowingsteps:
1. TheDSLtransceiverperformsaself-test.
2. TheDSLtransceivercheckstheconnectionbetweentheDSLtransceiverandthcomputer.For
residentialvariationsofDSL,thisisusuallytheEthernet(RJ-45)portoraUSBport;in
rare models, a FireWire portis used.OlderDSLmodemssporteda nativeATMinterface(usually,a25
Mbitserialinterface).Also,somevariationsofDSL(suchasSDSL)usesynchronousserialconnections.
3. TheDSLtransceiverthenattemptstosynchronizewiththeDSLAM.Datacanonlycomeintothe
computerwhentheDSLAMandthemodemaresynchronized.Thesynchronizationprocessisrelatively
quick(intherangeofseconds)butisverycomplex,involvingextensiveteststhatallowbothsidesofthe
connectiontooptimizetheperformanceaccordingtothecharacteristicsofthelineinuse.Externalor

8. stand-alonemodemunitshaveanindicatorlabeled"CD","DSL",or"LINK",whichcanbeusedtotellifthe
modemissynchronized.Duringsynchronizationthelightflashes;whensynchronized,thelightstayslit,
usuallywithagreencolor.
DSL Connection schematic
Equipment:
Thecustomerendoftheconnectionconsistsofaterminaladaptororinlayman'sterms"DSLmodem".
Thisconvertsdatabetweenthedigitalsignalsusedbycomputersandthevoltagesignalofasuitable
frequencyrangewhichisthenappliedtothephoneline.
InsomeDSLvariations(forexample,HDSL),theterminaladapterconnectsdirectlytothe
computer via a serial interface, using protocols such as Ethernet or V.35. In other cases(particularly
ADSL),itiscommonforthecustomerequipmenttobeintegratedwithhigherlevelfunctionality,suchas
routing,fire walling,orotherapplication-specifichardwareandsoftware.Inthiscase,theequipmentis
referredtoasagateway.

9. SomekindsofDSLtechnologyrequireinstallationofappropriatefilterstoseparate,or"split",theDSL
signalfromthelowfrequencyvoicesignal.Theseparationcantakeplaceeitheratthe demarcation
point, orwithfiltersinstalledat thetelephoneoutletsinsidethecustomer premises.Eitherwayhasits
practicalandeconomicallimitations.SeeADSLformoreinformationaboutthis.
Attheexchange,adigitalsubscriberlineaccessmultiplexer(DSLAM)terminatestheDSLcircuitsand
aggregatesthem,wheretheyarehandedoffontoothernetworkingtransports.InthecaseofADSL,the
voicecomponentisalsoseparatedatthisstep,eitherbyafilterintegratedintheDSLAMorbyspecialized
filteringequipmentinstalledbeforeit.TheDSLAMterminatesallconnectionsandrecoverstheoriginal
digitalinformation.
Brief Functions of DSL Components:
DSL CPEs: Atcustomerpremises.Onenditconnectstelephonecablecomingfromexchange.Atthe
otherend,itconnectstoPCthroughEthernetandTelephonethroughRJ-45connector
DSLAM:calledasDSLAccessMultiplexer.Ithasabuiltinsplitterwhichsplitsvoiceanddata.Whilevoice
followsthenormalconventionalpaththroughexchange,dataisaggregatedanduplinkedthrough
EthernetPort(GigabitEthernetfor480portandFastEthernetforlowerDSLAM)
LAN Switch:ForaggregatingmultipleDSLAMandprovidingacommon up-link
BRAS:calledasBroadbandRemoteAccessServer.Firstintelligentdeviceinthewholechain.It
terminatesthecustomersession,authenticates,alotIPaddressesandkeepstrack ofusersessionfor
billingalongwithRADIUS
SSSS: CalledasSubscriberServiceSelectionSystem.Whencustomerlogsinhewillbewelcomewiththis
customizedscreenfromwherehecanselectvariousrangeofservice.Thisprovidesondemandservice
withoutmanualintervention
RADIUS:ThisinconjunctionwithBRASauthenticatescustomer,uploadcustomerprofileintheSSSSand
keepstrackofbilling
LDAP:Itstorescustomerdatabaseviz username,passwordandthedefaultservicesthat itcan
subscribeto.

10. Provisioning: Thisisthemostcriticalcomponentsforensuringquickdeliveryofservice.Itensuresend-
to-endprovisioningofservicerightfromDSLCPEstoDSLAMto Switchto BRAStoLDAP
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber line (ADSL): ThedistinguishingcharacteristicofADSLoverother
formsofDSListhatthebandwidthisgreaterinthedirectiontothecustomerpremisesthanthereverse,
givingrisetoisasymmetriccharacteristic.ProvidersusuallymarketADSLasaserviceforconsumersto
connecttotheInternetinarelativelypassivemode:abletousethehigherspeeddirectionforthe
downloadfromtheInternetbutnotneedingtorunserversthatwouldrequirehighspeedintheother
directionWithstandardADSLthebandfrom26.000kHzto137.825kHzisusedforupstream
communication,while138kHz-1104kHzisusedfordownstreamcommunication.Eachoftheseis
furtherdividedintosmallerfrequencychannelsof4.3125kHz.Thesefrequencychannelsaresometimes
termed bins.
Very high bit rate digital subscriber line (VDSL):ItisaDSLtechnologyprovidingfasterdata
transmission(upto52Mbpsdownstreamand16Mbpsupstream)Second-generationVDSL2systems
(ITU-TG.993.2ApprovedinFebruary2006)utilizebandwidthofupto30MHztoprovidedatarates
exceeding100Mbitssimultaneouslyinboththeupstreamanddownstreamdirections.Themaximum
availablebitrateisachievedatarangeofabout300meters;performancedegradesastheloop
attenuationincreases.Currently,thestandardVDSLusesupto7differentfrequencybands.
Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer:
A Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer(DSLAM,oftenpronounced dee-slam)allows
telephonelinestomakefasterconnectionstotheInternet.Itisanetworkdevice,locatedinthe
telephoneexchangesoftheinternetserviceproviders,thatconnectsmultiplecustomerDigitalSubscriber
Lines(DSLs)toahigh-speedInternetbackbonelineusingmultiplexingtechniques.Byplacingadditional
remote DSLAMs atlocationsremote tothe telephoneexchange, telephonecompaniesprovideDSL
servicetolocationspreviouslybeyondeffectiverange.
Path taken by data to DSLAM:

11. 1.Customer premises: DSL modem terminating the ADSL, SHDSL or VDSL circuit andprovidingLAN
interfacetosinglecomputerorLANsegment
2. Localloop:Thetelephonecompanywiresfromacustomertothetelephonecompany'scentraloffice
ortoaServingareainterface,oftencalledthe"lastmile"(LM).
3. Central Office(CO):
MainDistributionFrame(MDF):awiringrackthatconnectsoutsidesubscriberlineswithinternallines.It
isusedtoconnectpublicorprivatelinescomingintothebuildingtointernalnetworks.Atthetelco,the
MDFisgenerallyinproximitytothecablevaultandnotfarfromthetelephoneswitch.XDSLfilters:DSL
filtersareusedintheCentralOffice(CO)tosplitvoicefromdatasignals.Thevoicesignalcanberoutedto
aPOTSproviderorleftunusedwhilstthedatasignalisroutedtotheISPDSLAMviatheHDF(seenext
entry).HandoverDistributionFrame(HDF):adistributionframethatconnectsthelastmileproviderwith
theserviceprovider'sDSLAM
DSLAM: Adevicefor DSL service. TheDSLAM port where the subscriber localloopisconnected
convertsanalogelectricalsignalstodatatraffic(upstreamtrafficfordataupload) anddatatraffic
to analogelectricalsignals (downstream fordatadownload).
XDSL Connectivity diagram
Role of DSLAM:
 The DSLAM equipment at the telephone company (telco) collects the data from its many modem

12. ports and aggregates their voice and data traffic into one complex composite "signal" via
multiplexing.
 The aggregated traffic is then directed to a telco's backbone switch, via an access network (AN)
alsocalledaNetworkServiceProvider(NSP)atupto10Gbit/sdatarates.
 TheDSLAMactslikeanetworkswitchsinceitsfunctionalityisatLayer2oftheOSImodel.Therefore
it cannot re-route traffic between multiple IP networks, only between ISP devices and end-
user connection points.
 The DSLAM traffic is switched to a Broadband Remote Access Server where the end user traffic
is then routed across the ISP network to the Internet. Customer Premises Equipment that
interfaces well with the DSLAM to which it is connected may take advantage of enhanced
telephone voice and data line signaling features and the bandwidth monitoring and compensation
capabilitiesitsupports.
DSLAMs arealso usedbyhotels, lodges, residential neighborhoods, and other businesses operating their
own private telephone exchange .In addition to being a data switch and multiplexer, a DSLAM is also a
large collection of modems. Each modem on the aggregation card communicates with a single
subscriber's DSL modem. This modem functionality is integrated into the DSLAM itself instead of being
done via an external device like a traditional computer modem. Like traditional voice-band modems, a
DSLAM's integrated DSL modems usually have the ability to probe the line and to adjust themselves to
electronicallyordigitallycompensatefor forwardechoes andother.
Tier 2 Network:
A Tier 2 Network is an Internet service provider who engages in the practiceofpeeringwithother
networks,butwhostillpurchasesIPtransittoreachsomeportionoftheInternet.
Tier2providersarethemostcommonprovidersontheInternetasitismucheasiertopurchasetransit
fromaTier1networkthanitistopeerwiththemandthenattempttopushintobecomingaTier1
carrier
Tier 1 Network:
AlthoughthereisnoauthoritythatdefinestiersofnetworksparticipatingintheInternet,themost
commondefinitionofatier1networkisonethatcanreacheveryothernetworkontheInternetwithout
purchasingIPtransitorpayingsettlements.
Modem: A modem (modulator-demodulator) is a network
hardware device that modulates one or more carrier wave signals
to encode digital information for transmission
and demodulates signals to decode the transmitted information.
The goal is to produce a signal that can be transmitted easily and

13. decoded to reproduce the original digital data. Modems can be used with any means of
transmitting analog signals, from light emitting diodes to radio. A common type of modem is
one that turns the digital data of a computer into modulated electrical signal for
transmission over telephone lines and demodulated by another modem at the receiver side
to recover the digital data.
Router: A router is a networking device that forwards data
packets between computer networks. Routers perform the traffic
directing functions on the Internet. A data packet is
typically forwarded from one router to another router through the networks that constitute
the internetwork until it reaches its destination node.
Cable Coupler/Extender and Splitter
Low cost and very useful for joining Ethernet cables together.Simply
Plug an Ethernet cable into each socket.
You can also use an Ethernet splitter to extend a cable, and provide more
Ethernet sockets,Connector are RJ45
AdvantagesofBroadband:
• Connectionspeedis upto 100times fasterthan dial-up connection. Youcan download
picturesfiles,softwareinsecondsorminutesinsteadofhours.Onlinegamingisonlypossible
usinga broadbandinternetaccess.Itdoes notaffectthe phoneline. ForDSL internetaccess,
youcanusethesamephonelineforbothvoice/faxanddatatransmission.Forcableinternet
access,you areconnectedtothe internetviathecablenetwork. Ineither case,yourphoneline
isnotoccupiedwhileyouareconnectedtotheinternet
• Itisconvenientbecausetheinternetconnectionisalwayson.
• Youdon'tneedtodialanaccessnumberandriskgettingabusysignal.
• Broadbandinternetoffersunlimitedaccessandyouwon'tbechargedbasedontheconnection
duration.
• Broadbandinternetnotonlygivesyouhighspeedinternetaccess,itcanalsoprovidecheap

14. phoneservicesviaVoIPtechnology.
Disadvantages of Broadband:
• Highmonthlyfeecomparedto dial-up internetaccess.
• Highersecurityriskthan dial-up connection. Apersonal firewallisneededto protectyour
computer.
• NotallphonewiresareequippedforDSLservice.
• NotallcableTVnetworksareequippedforcableinternetaccess.
• May notbeavailableinruralorremoteareas.
Applications:
In telecommunication: Broadbandintelecommunicationsreferstoasignalingmethodthatincludes
orhandlesarelativelywiderange(orband)offrequencies,whichmaybedividedintochannelsor
frequencybins. Thewiderthebandwidthofa channel,thegreatertheinformation-carryingcapacity.
Telemedicine enableshealthcareprofessionalsandpatientstotakeadvantageofdigital
communicationstosavemoney,time,andtravelandmostimportantly,improvethequalityofcare.
Teleworking or telecommuting is working from home or outside the traditional office or workplace
usingadigitaldeviceandanInternetconnection.Teleworkbenefitsemployers
whoseesavingsin
Information Gathering:MoreandmorepeopleareusingtheInternettogatherinformationfor
anythingfrommedicalinformationtojobsearchingandnewsandinformationandshopping.
Tourism:Broadbandandcommunitycontentallowpeopletofindoutwhatisavailableintourist
destinationsandalsohelpspeopletoseeeventsorexhibitstheymightotherwiseneverbeabletovisitin
person.
Entertainment:ManypeopleusetheInternetforfun,toplaygames,gamble,downloadmovies,music,
TVshows,booksorinformationandservices.Astechnologyadvancestheapplicationsandopportunities
fore-commerceandentertainmentexpandexponentiallyOfficeoverheadcostsaswellasincreased
productivityandmotivationoftheiremployees.

15. E-Government: referstotheincreasingpushforgovernmentatalllevelstomakemoreservices
availableonline.Localgovernmentsusee-Governmenttodeliverservicesandinformationtotheir
residentsandcustomers24hoursaday,sevendaysaweek.
Public Safety: Broadbandnetworkscanassistpolice,fireandotherlawenforcementpersonnelin
manycrisissituations.
National Security: Broadbandcanbeusedbynational,stateandlocalauthoritiesforsurveillance,
videoconferencing,datamining,patternmatchingandotherapplicationstoassistlawenforcementand
medicalservices.
BROADBAND ERROR CODES
Customers of broadband in many are worrying about the ADSL Broadband Line
connecting error codes 619, 629, 631, 633, 645, 650, 651, 678, 680, 691, 718, 721,
which enables in most frequent with BSNL ADSL Modem (CPE) in Broadband
Services with Possible Solutions to rectify simply.
Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) is a type of digital subscriber line (DSL)
technology, a data communications technology, enables faster data transmission over
copper telephone lines than a conventional voice band modem, which can provide for
broadband services to the customer via ADSL Modem. On connecting to BSNL
Broadband Services, many of the customers are getting the line connecting error
codes, for this we are presenting some of the line connecting error codes with some
possible solutions as follows.
Broadband Error Code 619
Error Code – 619 – The Port is disconnected
Error 619 often occurs when another application / process requires the same port as
being used by the broadband / internet modem. In particular, fax software is often
associated with error 619. Should you encounter error 619 whilst using fax software –
disable the fax software and reboot.
The quick / common fix for Error 619 is to shut down / reboot, thus forcing the
offending port to close.
To fix error 619, try the following steps
• Restart / reboot PC. Wait until all applications have loaded before

16. reconnecting.
• Check all modem, phone cables and filters.
• If error 619 persists – uninstall and reinstall your BSNL Broadband Modem.
Sometimes, error 619 can be caused where old ISP modem software is
conflicting with newer modem software, therefore, ensure that any old
software is removed and retest the connection.
Broadband Error Code 629
Error Code – 629 – The port was disconnected by the remote machine
• Error 629 generally means that the remote computer (ISP) is closing /
disconnecting the port. This might be due to incorrect connection settings such
as incorrect username and / or password. Having checked these settings, if
error 629 persists, it would be wise to check ISP server status for any server
outages or other ISP related problems.
• Having checked connection settings, ISP server status – the next step would be
to check all modem connections, cables and broadband filters – followed by a
PC and modem reboot. If Error 629 has still not cleared, you may wish to
revert to either local or ISP technical support.
One such listing details the causes of Error 629 as follows
• The modem driver is corrupt
• The DUN connection is dialling an invalid access number
• The modem is not attempting a compatible connection Authentication failure
(invalid username or password) Invalid or corrupt DUN connection settings
Possible solution for Error 629
Restart your computer and wait until all applications have completely loaded before
trying to reconnect. Recreate the Dial Up Connection. If your problem has still not
been resolved uninstall and reinstall your Broadband modem.
Broadband Error Code 631
Error Code 631 – The port was disconnected by the user
With error 631, the user disconnected themselves – there is usually no fix required –
just connect again. Error 631 is usually a one-off glitch, caused when connection is
interrupted by the user or another program on the PC.
Possible solution for Error 631
• Error 631 is usually a one-off error which happens when the connection is
interrupted by the user or another program on the PC. In order to resolve Error
631, all that is usually required is a restart and to wait until all applications

17. have completely loaded before trying to reconnect. Recreate the connection
and usually – no more error 631.
• In some circumstances, Error 631 can be caused by incorrect connection
settings or by using the wrong modem or modem software. If a simple restart
does not fix your error 631, check that the modem is correctly installed and
connected, whilst ensuring that any old modem software has been uninstalled.
If error 631 persists, technical support might be required or a google for error
631 to see if the forums have anything to offer.
Broadband Error Code 633
Error Code – 633 – The port is already in use or is not configured for Remote Access
Possible solution for error 633
• Error 633 is similar to Error 619 error and is often caused by other
applications attempting to use the broadband modem, incorrect connection
settings and sometimes a corrupt modem driver.
• Error 633 can usually be resolved with a PC restart. This works 50% of the
time. Failing this, error 633 might require best the user to disable any Firewall
Software. Try to connect again. Recreate the connection and finally, try
uninstalling and reinstalling the Modem.
Broadband Error Code 645
Error Code – 645 – Internal authentication error
Possible solution for error 645
This problem tends to occur with users of Windows 98 or Windows ME and can often
be resolved via the following steps
• Recreate the Connection.
• Windows 95/98 – This error can occur if they require encrypted password
option is enabled on the Server Types tab in the connection’s properties, or an
incorrect user name or password have been entered. (See Error Message
“Error 645” Using Dial-Up Networking).
• All versions of Windows – This error can occur if you are attempting to
connect to a Windows 2000 domain that has had a RRAS (Routing and
Remote Access Services) server log on without administrative privileges.
Broadband Error Code 650
Error Code 650 – The Remote Access server is not responding

18. It can occur if the ISP server modem/equipment is not set up properly.
Possible solution for error 650
The most likely reason for one of the above errors is a Network Problem, Consider the
following steps
• After receiving this error wait 15 minutes and then restart your computer.
Once it has restarted wait until all applications have completely loaded before
trying to reconnect.
• If you receive the same error, check with your service provider for Network
Outages. You may need to be patient.
• If there are no network outages, the problem may originate from your
computer. In this case recreate your connection and if this fails to resolve the
problem, uninstall and reinstall your Broadband modem.
Broadband Error Code 651
Error Code 651 – Your modem (or other connecting device) has reported an error
Possible solution / fix for error 651
• Error 651 usually points to a driver error or modem hardware failure.
• To resolve Error 651, first ensure that the modem is correctly connected to the
PC and telephone line, with all points covered with broadband filters.
• Ensure that full connectivity is indicated on the modem.
• Having checked these things and restart. If this does not resolve the error 651,
go through an uninstall and reinstall of the modem software. Thereafter, if
Error 651 persists, it’s possible that the modem is faulty.
• If the modem is the USB variety, try connecting to a different USB port on the
PC or another PC entirely to confirm that it is not a problem with USB port. If
Error 651 still persists, technical support is indicated.
Broadband Error Code 678
Error code 678 – There is no answer
Error 678 is usually associated with Windows XP and can normally be resolved by
restarting and waiting until all applications have completely loaded before trying to
reconnect.
Although ADSL modems do not dial to connect to the internet, error 678 – no answer
– can still occur and sometimes results because there is an invalid number entered for
the computer to dial.
The following steps are often indicated to fix Error 678

19. • Click on the Start Menu and then select Run.
• In the box which appears type the word command in order to open the
command prompt and then click OK.
• In the black command prompt window, type netsh interface ip reset log.txt and
click on Enter on your keyboard, then type exit into the command prompt and
then click on Enter on your keyboard.
• Now restart your computer and reconnect to the Internet.
Broadband Error Code 680
Error code – 680 – No dial tone
Error 680 usually means there is a problem receiving the Broadband signal at your
modem and it has a great many potential causes.
The best way to resolve Error 680 is to work logically to rule out each potential cause.
• The first consideration is to know if the broadband connection is actually live.
Installing modem and modem software can result in Error 680 if the ‘go-live’
date has yet to be reached.
• The next ‘fault find’ is to ensure that the modem is connected to the telephone
master socket, whilst ensuring that all extension cables, phone splitters and all
other devices have been removed.
• Disconnect faxes, alarms and Sky TV (if connected) and once removed,
attempt a broadband connection direct via the telephone master socket
(ensuring that a broadband microfilter is being used. If Error 680 persists, try
using a replacement microfilter (sometimes a cause of error 680).
• The next thing to consider with Error 680 is electrical interference from
cordless / digital phones and any other potential sources of electrical energy.
Having ruled out all of these potential causes, one remaining consideration
would be to update the modem drivers, which in most cases can be obtained
from the manufacturers website.
• If after these steps, Error 680 persists, technical support would be the next
course of action.
BSNL Broadband Error Code 691
Error code 691 – Access denied because username and/or password is invalid on the
domain
With all Windows versions – Error 691 can occur if you use a bad username or
password.
• Remember in most instances the password is case-sensitive – you will not see
the password, so if CAPS LOCK is not the way you expect it, you may have a
problem with upper/lower-case.

20. • It may also occur if there is a problem with your service provider’s access
equipment, or on a ‘bad’ connection where the modem is retraining. Can also
occur with incorrect Connectoid settings.
• If you get error 691 with a new account – you may not be using the correct
username and/or password. Verify with your provider exactly what you need
for your username and password.
Broadband Error Code 718
Error code – 718 – PPP timeout
• Indicates a PPP conversation was started, but was terminated because the
remote server did not respond within an appropriate time. This can be caused
by poor line quality or a problem with the server (ISP). This error can occur
• when your modem has connected to the ISP and has sent username and
password, but there is no response from the server. Sometimes, re-dialing will
be successful.
• Error 718 can also occur if your ISP account has expired, or if the username or
password you are using is invalid. Error
• 718 can occur if you have LCP extensions enabled in the TCP/IP Properties of
the connectoid and your ISP does not support LCP extensions.
• Error 718 may also occur if you have one or more network cards in your
machine, and the cards do not have TCP/IP protocol enabled, or if the TCP/IP
settings are incorrect. (Go to Networking in Control Panel to examine the
properties of your network adapters; or, if you are not using the network
card(s), disable them in Control Panel->System->Hardware.)
Broadband Error Code 721
Error Code 721- Remote PPP peer is not responding
Make sure your line is working by testing for a dial tone on your phone. Unplug,
reboot and plug in again to ensure the driver has loaded. If there’s still no joy, don’t
discount the possibility of a faulty modem.
More about Error 721
• Error 721 generally means that there is a problem with the remote PPP – the
PPP server resides with the Internet / broadband provider and is the computer
at ‘the other end of the line’ that establishes connections to the Internet. The
majority of Error 721 messages are caused by a ‘problem’ with the Internet
service provider. Most Internet service providers have a number that can be
called to check their service status. With Error 721 problems, it is therefore
worth checking the ISP’s service status before checking other possible causes.
• Another possible cause of Error 721 messages can be displaced modem

21. connections, adsl cables and / or broadband filters. If an Error 721 message
has not been caused by the ISP, it would be prudent to check all such
connections. Common advice is then to shut down both modem and PC and to
wait 5-10 minutes before restarting them. Wait until all PC application have
fully loaded before attempting to reconnect to the Internet.
• Where there are no ISP service issues and all modems, filters, cables are
correctly connected – another possible Error 721 fix would be to check all
associated PC settings and to update / uninstall modem drivers, reboot and
reinstall them again and whilst doing so – take care not to connect the modem
until prompted to do so by the setup program.
• Where no fix is found for Error 721, if time allows – wait 24 hours and try
again or seek either local or ISP technical support.
All the major error codes in Broadband Services which we have discussed as above
regarding DSL/ADSL Broadband Modem(CPE) line connecting has to be rectified
mostly with the above solutions specified as above, even after it is not rectified,
technical assistant should be attended to solve the problem.
How to rectify slow / unstable internet speed / Stability
problem- specially for broadband engineers / Users :-
The Broadband Speed does not alone depends upon the Broadband Plan of the
connection, there are multiple factors that boost or enhance the performance of the
Broadband speed on your Device/System. Just for the knowledge & for the better
understanding you can note down the below points. Pls keep these points/steps in
mind while Installing / Troubleshooting Broadband connection or resolving Internet
speed problem. I am sure it will help in improving your Internet experience with our
beloved company- BSNL.
Steps for a Trouble-free Broadband Internet Connection:-
1. For Reliability & Speed, Use following DNS Addresses: A) On Dial-up or Bridge
mode Broadband connections. Enter following DNS address at Local Area Connection or

22. Wireless Network Connection. Primary DNS -- 192.168.1.1 Alternate DNS -- BSNL
DNS address given by Local Office OR 8.8.8.8 or 156.154.70.1 or 156.154.71.1 or
4.2.2.2 or 208.67.222.222 or 208.67.220.220 or 8.8.4.4 (Use any of these) B) Automatic
or Multiuser or PPPoE mode Broadband connection. Login inside the Modem or Router
Interface and enter the following DNS address Primary DNS -- BSNL DNS address given
by Local Office OR 8.8.8.8 or 156.154.70.1 or 156.154.71.1 or 4.2.2.2 or 208.67.222.222
or 208.67.220.220 or 8.8.4.4 (Use any of these) Alternate DNS -- BSNL DNS address
given by Local Office OR 156.154.70.1 or 156.154.71.1 or 4.2.2.2 or 208.67.222.222 or
208.67.220.220 or 8.8.4.4 or 8.8.8.8 (Use any of these But different from thePrimary
DNS).
2. Check SNR Value: SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) value at
Downstream must be greater than 10 dB. See DSL Line Parameters in
Modem Interface Page under heading Overview or Device Info or
Status or Statistics as different Modems have different styles of
interfaces. If SNR value is lower than 10 dB then insist for a Change of
Line (Drop Wire) or Jumper or Vertical or DP or Line Pair. Broadband
may work on a value lower than 10 dB but there would be likely a
slow speed, frequent disconnections & Time outs. Practically it’s not
possible to provide a line with a very high value of SNR. So variations
could be there & try for best higher possible value in available
conditions.
3. Check Attenuation Value: Attenuation value at Downstream must be
less than 45 dB. See DSL Line Parameters in Modem Interface Page
under heading Overview or Device Info or Status or Statistics. If the
value is greater than 45 dB then insist for Change of Phone Line (Drop
Wire), Jumper, Vertical, DP or Line Pair. Broadband may work on a
value higher than 45 dB but there would be likely a slow speed,
frequent Disconnections and Time outs. Practically it’s not possible to
provide a line without a low value of Attenuation. So variations could
be there & try for best possible value in any given conditions.
4. Choose Right MTU Size (Maximum Transmission Unit): Almost all
MTU sizes (like 1500, 1492 or 1480) give good speed performance
among all website browsing & downloading. But one should
preferably use 1492 as MTU in the Modem/Router until & unless one
faces any significant problem with MTU. This value is defined inside
the Modem or Router configuration page. You may also use the default
value (1480) configured inside modem/router

23. 5. Always use ADSL Splitter: ADSL Splitter must be used on a
Telephone Line at the subscriber premises having a Broadband
connection. It divides main (frequency) Telephone Line coming from
the Telephone Exchange into Phone (Low frequency) & Broadband
(High frequency) connection. So Modem must be feed with pure
ADSL signal (Link).
6. Right Physical Layout: Physical Layout of line must be in
accordance with the technical norms followed for a Broadband
connection i.e., Phone Line coming from DP (Distribution Point) must
be First terminated at an ADSL Splitter in the subscriber's home.
7. Use Multiple Telecommunication devices only after Splitter: The
extra Telecommunication devices must be connected only after the
ADSL Splitter. So it is advised to avoid the use of following a) No
Parallel Phones Connection, b) No Intercom, c) No EPBAX, d) No
Joints/Cuts in Line, e) No Conduit/Internal Wiring.
8. Use Good Quality Wires: Pls avoid PVC wires & other non-
Telecommunication wires for a Telephone having a Broadband
connection. Instead Use Drop Wire (made up of Copper) supplied by
BSNL.
9. Keep the line path away from any Interference: Telephone Line Path
should be away from any kind of Electrical Lines & Electrical or
Electronic Appliances/Equipment/Devices.
10. Keep Connecting Terminals Clean: All the Connecting Terminals
or Points must be Clean and free from Rust/Dust/Carbon.
11. Cover Joints: Proper Insulation & Tapping of Joints must be done
at all points or terminations. Don't let any joint open or hanging loose
in the air as it may invite trouble anytime.

24. 12. Check Loose Connections: Telephone cables, Drop wires, LAN &
USB cables should be tightly & properly connected for proper flow of
data transmission and smooth connectivity at all times.
13. Choose Right Media: For faster speed experience, LAN (Ethernet)
Cable should be preferred over Wireless medium (Wi-Fi) or USB
Cable for Broadband connections.
14. Avoid Line Joints/Cuts: Check Telephone Line, Drop wire for any
Cuts & Cracks and replace the same whenever you notice. If possible
& practically feasible use single wire without any Joints as far as
possible.
15. Noise free Line: There must be No Noise & Disturbance in the
telephone line. You may pick the phone receiver and dial any digit
once (let’s say number 5) and silently hear any Sound to determine the
hidden noise/disturbance. Any good line has a complete silence when
heard through a receiver.
16. Use Proper Modulation: If the cable distance of the subscriber's
modem is more than 3.5 Kms of length from the Telephone Exchange
(DSLAM) then Use only G.dmt Modulation in the modem DSL
settings. Disable all other modulations if possible. The distance of
underground cable from Exchange to the user Home is considered
rather than road or aerial distance.
17. Use Proper & High Quality Splitter: If SNR or Attenuation levels
are not at recommended levels even after changing the Line/Drop
wires then Pls try to change the Splitter to see any difference in their
values. Sometimes internal circuit of splitter becomes faulty & give
false parameters. So use new splitter.
18. Use High Quality Modem device: Modems of different Companies
or different Models of Modem have different Internal Circuitry and
they read line parameters differently. So if Line parameters are not at
recommended levels then try to Change the Modem to see any

25. difference in SNR values. The Modems like Teracom, Huawei, UT-
Star, TP-link, D-link, and LinkSys perform exceptionally well even in
poor signal to noise ratio conditions also. That means if your house is
at considerable distance from your BSNL exchange, naturally the line
attenuation will be more and the cheap quality Modems used at
subscriber's home would fail to perform reliably or read line profile
accurately.
19. Use UPS for Stable Power Supply: Try to Use power supply from a
UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply) for Modem & Router's adapter to
avoid any kind of power fluctuations and damage to broadband
equipments.
20. Use Correct Modem Adapter: Use Modem Adapter as per the
Original Current & Voltage ratings mentioned on the adapter or printed
on the Modem. Using Low or High Voltage/Current rating adapter
may cause Modem & DSL to behave improperly.
21. Prefer PPPoE settings over Bridge Mode of Connection: PPPoE
(Always ON) settings are much stable, secure and faster than Bridge
(Dial-up) settings. Even if there is High Attenuation and Low SNR the
Broadband connects & works well for most of the times. Moreover,
Hackers can't access your PC easily in PPPoE mode connection as the
Modem itself is dealing to the server & comes in between PC &
Internet. This is good considering the security point of view.
22. Check Line Profile: The default Line Profile of a Broadband
connection (DSLAM port) is generally set at 2 Mbps (2048 Kbps) rate.
But sometimes speed problem comes when we have 4 Mbps or higher
plan & our speed does not cross beyond 2 Mbps. Then we need to
check whether our Line profile is configured correctly as per our
selected Broadband plan. The wrong profile freezes the speed at
certain level.
23. Lower the Line Profile if the Line Quality is Extremely Poor: If the
Line quality is very poor despite using all the above steps & the
Broadband plan or speed requirements are less than 2 Mbps

26. speed/bandwidth (like in the case of unlimited 512kbps or 1Mbps Plan)
then request your local NIB Section to Lower the Line Profile of
Broadband connection (DSLAM port) to 1 Mbps from the default
profile of 2Mbps. It will make your SNR signal value to go up, the
DSL Link becomes more stable & ultimately the overall experience of
speed increases. This could be the last resort for broadband
connections installed at far distances (usually in far flung places of
rural areas) or with areas having poor line quality. This is done only
with the permission of NIB staff and to save the connection from being
getting disconnected. For us, every customer is important & we need to
find out alternate ways to satisfy user's purpose & utility.
24. Unused/Extra PVC values may be removed: You may delete or
disable all the irrelevant PVC values in the WAN settings of the
Modem except 0/35 which is meant for BSNL Broadband connection.
Some PVC values like 0/100, 0/32, 8/35 are used for IPTV, VPN &
VoIP respectively and generally not used for any home broadband
connection until & unless customer has subscribed to the above special
services.