The document discusses advanced industries, which are R&D-intensive industries that concentrate the nation's STEM workforce. Advanced industries include industries like pharmaceuticals, aerospace, software, and medical devices. They account for over half of US GDP and exports, employ over 10% of US workers, and drive productivity growth and innovation. Advanced industries are highly concentrated in major metropolitan areas and vary across regions in their specializations. They offer significantly higher wages than other industries and have helped drive steady wage growth. Fostering advanced industries requires investment in innovation, skills development, and strong regional innovation ecosystems.