British culture 3

The United Kingdom is the name of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain. It is a sovereign state located off the north western coast of continental Europe. Formation of the flag of The U.K.

THE MAP OF THE UK This is the map of the U.K. It represents the borders between the states. Those are the states of The United Kingdom.

LONDON London is the capital of England and the United Kingdom. An important settlement for two millennia, London's history goes back to its founding by the Romans. Since its foundation, London has been part of many movements and phenomena throughout history, including the English Renaissance, the Industrial Revolution, and the Gothic Revival. The city's core, the ancient City of London, still retains its limited medieval boundaries; but since at least the 19th century, the name "London" has also referred to the whole metropolis that has developed around it. Today the bulk of this conurbation forms the London region of England and the Greater London administrative area, with its own elected mayor and assembly. London's population draws from a wide range of peoples, cultures, and religions, and over 300 languages are spoken within the city. In 2006, it had an official population of 7,512,400 within the boundaries of Greater London and is the most populous municipality in the European Union. In 2001, the Greater London Urban Area had a population of 8,278,251 and the metropolitan area is estimated to have a total population of between 12 and 14 million. The public transport network, administered by Transport for London, is one of the most extensive in the world, and Heathrow Airport is the busiest airport in the world for international traffic.

THESE ARE THE COUNTRIES OF THE UK The top-level division of administrative geography in the UK is the 4 countries - England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. As well as the national government at Westminster, there are also devolved administrations in Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast. The UK and its Countries: England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland Highest Mountain Ben Nevis Longest River Severn

THIS IS THE SEA OF CARDIFF (WALES)

A LEPRECHAUN T his is a typical leprechaun of Northern Ireland

SYMBOLS OF THE UK The three national symbols of England are the St. George's cross (usually seen as a flag), the red rose and the Three Lions crest (usually seen as a badge). The three lions are on the badge of England's cricket team and of England's football team The red rose is widely recognised as the national flower of England. The red rose is on the badge of the English Rugby Union team.

MORE SYMBOLS OF THE UK Big Ben Policeman Tower of London London Eye Royal Coat of Arms Foot Guard Buckingham Palace St Paul's Cathedral Tower Bridge Red Double Decker buses Black taxi cabs Pillar Box (Post Box) Telephone box Both the post box and telephone box have a picture of a crown on them. The crown on the post box also has the monarchs initials underneath. We have post boxes with VR (Victoria Regina) and GR (Georgeus Rex) still in use today. Victoria Regina is Latin for Queen Victorian and Georgeus Rex is Latin for King George.

THE ROYAL FAMILY The Royal Family Tree Queen Elizabeth II b. 1926 m. Philip, Duke of Edinburgh son of Prince Andrew of Greece The Queen's sons and daughter Charles Prince of Wales b.1948 m. Lady Diana Spencer (divorced 1996) (d. 1997) m. Camilla Parker Bowles Anne Princess Royal b.1950 m. Captain Mark Phillips (divorced 1993) m. Commander Timothy Laurence Andrew Duke of York b. 1960 m. Sarah Ferguson (divorced 1996) Edward Earl of Wessex b. 1964 m. Sophie Rhys-Jones

THE QUEEN’S GRAND CHILDREN Prince William of Wales - 1982 Peter Phillips - 1977 Princess Beatrice of York - 1988 Prince Harry of Wales - 1984 Zara Phillips - 1981 Princess Eugenie of York - 1990 Lady Louise Windsor - 2003 Vicount Severn - 2007

Types of school: In England and Wales, 90 per cent of children are educated in state-maintained schools, the majority referred to as mainstream or 'ordinary' schools. Mainstream schools have a lot in common; they are all funded by local authorities, follow the national curriculum and are regularly inspected by the Office for Standards in Education, Children's Services and Skills (Ofsted). Different kinds of schools are run in different ways, implementing different policies and serving different educational needs. The School Standards and Framework Act, 1998 identifies four main categories of state-maintained schools: community, foundation, voluntary-controlled and voluntary-aided. EDUCATION

UNIFORMS Boys Long grey or black trousers (shorts may be worn in the Summer) White Shirt School tie (optional in most primary schools) Jumper or sweater with the school logo on. The colour is the choice of the schools. Black shoes Girls As above. Girls may wear skirts During the summer term girls often wear summer school dresses.

TEST The British Government places great importance on the need to assess and test pupils in order to know what they have achieved. Compulsory testing takes place at the ages of seven, eleven and fourteen in England and Scotland (but not Wales where more informal methods of assessment are favoured). All children in state schools are tested in English and mathematics at the ages of seven, 11 and 14, and pupils aged 11 and 14 are also tested in science. Most young people take GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) examinations at sixteen, and many take vocational qualifications, A/S and A levels (Advanced levels), seventeen and eighteen.

Fish and chips Fish (cod, haddock, huss, plaice) deep fried in flour batter with chips (fried potatoes) dressed in malt vinegar. This is England's traditional take-away food. Fish and chips are not normally home cooked but bought at a fish and chip shop ("chippie" ) to eat on premises or as a "take away". It is the most important food of this country. TRADITIONAL FOOD

MEAL TIMES They have three main meals a day: Breakfast - between 7:00 and 9:00, Lunch - between 12:00 and 1:30 p.m. Dinner (sometimes called Supper) - The main meal. Eaten anytime between 6:30 and 8:00 p.m. (Evening meal) Traditionally, and for some people still, the meals are called: Breakfast - between 7:00 and 9:00, Dinner (The main meal) - between 12:00 and 1:30 p.m. Tea - anywhere from 5:30 at night to 6:30 p.m. On Sundays the main meal of the day is often eaten at midday instead of in the evening. This meal usually is a Roast Dinner consisting of a roast meat, Yorkshire pudding and two kinds of vegetables.

The Traditional English Breakfast In the winter many people will eat "porridge" or boiled oats. The traditional English breakfast consists of eggs, bacon, sausages, fried bread, baked beans and mushrooms. Even though not many people will eat this for breakfast today, it is always served in hotels and guest houses around Britain. The traditional English breakfast is called the 'Full English' and sometimes referred to as 'The Full English Fry-up'.

LUNCH Many children at school and adults at work will have a 'packed lunch'. This typically consists of a sandwich, a packet of crisps, a piece of fruit and a drink. The 'packed lunch' is kept in a plastic container. Sandwiches are also known as a 'butty' or 'sarnie' in some parts of the UK. See a sample menu of food served in pubs Sample menu of food served for School Dinners

DINNER The evening meal is usually called 'tea', 'dinner' or 'supper'. A typical British meal for dinner is meat and "two veg". We put hot brown gravy, traditionally made from the juices of the roast meat (but more often today from a packet!) on the meat and usually the vegetables. One of the vegetables is almost always potatoes. This traditional meal is rarely eaten nowadays, a recent survey found that most people in Britain eat curry! Rice or pasta are now favoured as the 'British Dinner'. Vegetables grown in England, like potatoes, carrots, peas, cabbages and onions, are still very popular. We can also buy vegetables from many countries all through the year

The Sunday Roast Dinner Sunday lunch time is a typical time to eat the traditional Sunday Roast. Traditionally it consists of roast meat, (cooked in the oven for about two hours), two different kinds of vegetables and potatoes with a Yorkshire pudding. The most common joints are beef, lamb or pork; chicken is also popular. Beef is eaten with hot white horseradish sauce, pork with sweet apple sauce and lamb with green mint sauce. Gravy is poured over the meat.

CHEESES B Beacon Fell Buxton Blue C Cheddar D Dorset Blue Dovedale (queso) E Exmoor Blue Q Queso gloucester Q (cont.) Queso stilton S Staffordshire (queso) Swaledale (queso) T Teviotdale (queso)

THE TYPICAL FOOD Roast beef and Yorkshire pudding This is England's traditional Sunday lunch, which is a family affair. Recipe Yorkshire Pudding This dish is not usually eaten as a dessert like other puddings but instead as part of the main course or at a starter. Yorkshire pudding, made from flour, eggs and milk, is a sort of batter baked in the oven and usually moistened with gravy. The traditional way to eat a Yorkshire pudding is to have a large, flat one filled with gravy and vegetables as a starter of the meal. Then when the meal is over, any unused puddings should be served with jam or ice-cream as a dessert. Toad-in-the-Hole (sausages covered in batter and roasted.) Similar to Yorkshire Pudding but with sausages placed in the batter before cooking. Recipe Roast Meats ( cooked in the oven for about two hours) Typical meats for roasting are joints of beef, pork, lamb or a whole chicken. More rarely duck, goose, gammon, turkey or game are eaten. Beef is eaten with hot white horseradish sauce, pork with sweet apple sauce and lamb with green mint sauce.

Ploughman's Lunch This dish is served in Pubs. It consists of a piece of cheese, a bit of pickle and pickled onion, and a chunk of bread. See a sample menu of food served in pubs

Black Pudding It looks like a black sausage. It is made from dried pigs blood and fat. Eaten at breakfast time Black pudding recipes vary from region to region, some are more peppery and some are more fatty than others.

Traditional drink Britain is a tea-drinking nation . Every day they drink 165 million cups of the stuff and each year around 144 thousand tons of tea are imported. Tea in Britain is traditionally brewed in a warmed china teapot, adding one spoonful of tea per person and one for the pot. Most Britons like their tea strong and dark, but with a lot of milk.

This is the typical day in the life of a child: I live in a typical English family. I have a father, mother and a sister and we all live together in our house in a town in the south east corner of England. At the back of our house we have our garden where I play with my sister. My family has a car, a computer, a colour telly (television) with a DVD, a washing machine, dishwasher and a cat. Mum and dad both have mobile phones and I am hoping to get one soon. DAILY LIFE The day starts at about 7 o’clock, when Dad and Mum get up. My sister and I usually watch telly in our pyjamas (night clothes) until breakfast. We have breakfast at 8 o' clock. I like to eat Rice Krispies (cereal) and jam on toast. I also drink a glass of milk. My mum usually only has toast, a class of orange juice and a cup of coffee. Dad likes to have a fried breakfast consisting of baked beans, bacon, tomatoes, mushrooms, two eggs and a sausage.

After breakfast, my sister and I, put on our school uniform. I wear grey trousers, a white shirt and a blue sweat shirt. We all leave the house by 8.30. Dad goes to work. He works with computers. Mum, my sister and I walk to school. My mum then catches a bus to her work place. She works in a different school as a learning support assistant. I take a packed lunch to school, which contains things like sandwiches, fruit and a bag of crisps. Sometimes my friends and I swap our food. My favourite subjects at school are science and history. My favourite topic in history is learning about the ancient Egyptians. I also enjoy PE (Physical Education) lessons - we play football, netball, cricket and sometimes we go cross-country running.

Mum picks up from school at 3:15. Sometimes we go down town to the shops and, if we are really lucky, mum will buy us a McDonalds Happy Meal. However, most days we will go straight home and my sister and I watch the telly, play on our Wii, or play on the computer. Dad usually gets home about 6 o'clock. We eat together at about 6.30. My favourite meal a fish finger with peas and chips. I also like pizza which we have very often. I have to help mum wash up (wash the dishes) when I have eaten. I also have to tidy my bedroom. In the evenings, I usually do my homework before watching more telly. Mum helps me with my homework. My family likes to watch Eastenders, and Coronation Street (English soap operas). I am a Cub Scout and my sister is a Brownie. On Mondays, I go to cubs whilst my sister goes to Brownies. I also go to Karate on Thursdays and my sister goes to Ballet on Wednesdays. Every Saturday, my family and I, go into town to the open market. People sell vegetables, clothes, toys, posters, and nearly anything else out on the street. Mum buys her fruit and vegetables there. I enjoy just wandering looking at all the things for sale, hoping my parents will buy me something. Sometimes I am lucky.

Rugby The rugby football, popularly known as rugby, is a contact sport as a team born in England. There are no rigid authorized garments that can be used as protection, banned accessories rigid protection to prevent damage to the opponents. It is very popular in the British Isles and in other English-speaking countries, especially in the former British colonies of Australia, New Zealand and South Africa and France. There is also widespread in other countries of the European continent, especially in Italy, Romania, Portugal, Spain and Eastern Europe, such as Georgia or Russia. America is practiced primarily in Argentina, where he has deep rooted and whose selection has achieved third place in the World Cup played in France in 2007. SPORTS AND LEISURE

Polo The polo is a sport in which two teams of four players against each, mounted on horseback, trying to lead a small wooden or plastic ball toward the goal of the match, made up of two poles with reeds, using a mallet or taco . The goal is to score goals.

Cricket . Cricket (English cricket) is a sport of bat and ball, which faced two teams of eleven players each. It is played on a grass field, roughly oval (elliptical), whose length should not be less than that of a football. In the midfield there is a rectangular area which is known as pitch. Resulted in an organized fashion in England, cricket is popular mainly in the countries of the Commonwealth of Nations. In the countries of the Indian subcontinent, is the sport of the masses, while in other countries such as England and Australia is the biggest sport in summer

Pubs Pub (short for public house, which in English means "public house") is an establishment where alcoholic beverages are served, and non-alcoholic refreshments under the premises of the country.

Music The Beatles (also known as The Beatles) was a band of English pop rock of the'60s that was formed in 1957 in the city of Liverpool, England and was disbanded in April 1970. Formerly called "The Quarrymen", was the group that spearheaded the "British Invasion" in the United States. It is one of the bands most successful and critically acclaimed in the history of popular music. In the UK dropped more than 40 different singles, albums and EP that reached the number one commercial success that was repeated in many other countries . It is estimated to have sold over one billion discs around the world, according to his home in EMI CDs, as well as being the artists who have sold more albums in the history of the United States, according to the Recording Industry Association of America. The Beatles

Queen Queen is a British rock band formed in 1970 in London by guitarist Brian May, singer Freddie Mercury and drummer Roger Taylor, with bassist John Deacon who were joined the following year. Following the breakdown of the group Smile in 1970, which came Taylor and May, then decided to join Mercury, (originally Farrokh "Freddie" Bulsara, and that changed his surname to join the group) possessor of a voice recording with a rare and a Ringer exceptional for many. The following year, after a long search by a bassist for the band, appears Deacon, who would be the final bassist of the band, thus shaping the final formation of the group Queen (name suggested by Freddie Mercury) in the city of London, England in 1971. It is recognized as the most successful British band in the world in the past 30 years. The band is known for its great musical diversity, both in vocal and instrumental in, and by their mass concerts of high quality.

The Rolling Stones The Rolling Stones is a group of British rock music that builds his compositions in the rock and roll, blues and rhythm and blues who along with The Beatles, which always hasten in popularity, served as the spearhead of the so-called British invasion that occurred in the early years of the'60s. The band was founded in London in 1962 by its first leader, multi-instrumentalist Brian Jones, who later would be replaced at the helm of the creative team formed between the singer Mick Jagger and guitarist Keith Richards. With the inclusion of the pianist Ian Stewart, drummer Charlie Watts and bassist Bill Wyman completed forming the first alignment. The pianist would be withdrawn from the line-holder in 1963 for his manager Andrew Loog Oldham but continued to work with the band as tour manager and keyboardist until his death in 1985, Brian Jones left the group in 1969 (shortly after it died ) And was replaced by former guitarist with John Mayall's Bluesbreakers Mick Taylor, who since the middle of the decade of the 70s is relieved by the ex-Faces Ron Wood. Bill Wyman decided to withdraw from the group in 1993 and was replaced a few months later by Darryl Jones, although not an official member of the grouping.

SHAKESPEARE William Shakespeare (baptised 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's preeminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon (or simply "The Bard"). His surviving works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language, and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. THE FAMOUS PEOPLE

WINSTON CHURCHILL Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill , (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British politician known chiefly for his leadership of the United Kingdom during World War II. He served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. A noted statesman and orator, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, a Nobel Prize-winning writer, and an artist.

J.K. ROWLING Joanne "Jo" Rowling (born 31 July 1965), who writes under the pen name J. K. Rowling , is a British author, best known as the creator of the Harry Potter fantasy series, the idea for which was conceived whilst on a train trip from Manchester to London in 1990. The Potter books have gained worldwide attention, won multiple awards, and sold more than 400 million copies.

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