Bridges - Historical Development, Types, construction

1. Bridges
Historical
Development
Teacher: Vesna Marković
http://www.prevodioci.co.rs/

2. Bridges have fascinated
mankind from the earliest
recorded times.
They are considered
as the symbol
of civil engineering.
The earliest bridge was built
on the Nile about 2650 BC.

3. The first true
suspension
bridge
consisted of
three cables
with two on
each side to act
as handrails to
enable the
passenger to
walk on the
third which was
tied below.

4. Another form of primitive
bridge in timber was a
girder type on floating
supports, which was the
forerunner of the
pontoon bridge.

5. Leonardo da Vinci, during the
Renaissance, had a fundamental
influence on engineering and
especially on bridge design.
Da Vinci studied the strength of
materials such as iron wires.

6. The 19th century was the rise of the great
iron and steel bridges. One of the famous
early bridges in steel was the St. Louis
Bridge over the Mississippi River.

7. Towards the end of
the 19th century
reinforced concrete
was significantly
applied to bridge construction.
Although historically structural steel
had a big lead, the applications of
concrete have steadily increased.

8. Types of bridges
Beam bridges are horizontal
beams supported at each end
by piers.

9. Arch bridges are arch-shaped.
The earliest known arch bridges
were built by the Greeks. Dubai in
the United Arab Emirates is
currently building the largest arch
bridge in the world, which is
scheduled for completion in 2012.

10. Suspension bridges are suspended from
cables. The earliest suspension bridges
were made of ropes.
In modern bridges, the cables are used.
The longest suspension bridge in the world
is the 3,909 m Akashi Kaikyo
Bridge in Japan.

11. Cantilever bridges are built using
cantilevers — horizontal beams that are
supported on only one end. The largest
cantilever bridge is the 167 m Quebec
Bridge in Canada.

12. wordlist
• suspension bridge - a bridge with a
roadway suspended from cables
supported by structures at each end –
viseći most
• handrail - a narrow rail for holding as a
support on stairs etc. - rukohvat
• enable - make possible - omogućiti
• tie - attach or fasten with string or cord
- vezati

13. • timber - wood prepared for building
– drvena građa
• girder - a large iron or steel beam or
compound structure for bearing loads,
esp. in bridge-building - greda
• float - to rest or move on the surface of
a liquid without sinking - plutati
• forerunner – sth that was first, before
the original - preteča

14. • pontoon bridge – floating bridge which is on
the surface of the water - ponton
• influence - influence; have an effect on
- uticaj
• strength - the state of being strong
- snaga
• iron – metal - gvožđe
• wire - metal drawn out into the form of a thin
rope - žica

15. • steel - iron with carbon and other
elements - čelik
• reinforced concrete - concrete with
metal bars or wire to increase its
strength
– armirani beton
• application - the use - primena
• steadily – constantly- stalno, sigurno
• beam - a long piece of timber or metal
which supports the structure above -
greda

16. • pier - a support – stub, podupirač
• arch bridge - a curved structure of a
bridge – lučni most
• schedule – plan of work - plan
• completion – finish - završetak
• cantilever bridge - a bridge made of
cantilevers projecting from the piers
and connected by girder
– konzolni brod
http://www.prevodioci.co.rs/