Bridge The Gap Final Compilation FINAL

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BRIDGE THE GAP:
Wuyuan Bay’s Transit-Oriented Development

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BRIDGE THE GAP: WUYUAN BAY’S TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT CODE
by:
David Perry, William Penland, Rachel Safren
A Professional Project
Submitted to the Faculty of the School of Architecture at
The University of North Carolina at Charlotte
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Master of Urban Design
Charlotte
August 7, 2014
Approved by:
_________________________
Professor [name here]

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This booklet provides an overview of work that was completed by David Perry, Will Penland, and
Rachel Safren during the Graduate Program of Urban Design at the University of North Carolina at
Charlotte in the Summer of 2014. The work was first initiated in Xiamen, Fujian Province, China at
Xiamen University and was completed back in Charlotte. The concept, Bridge The Gap, was a
direct response to a transit oriented development (TOD) site situated next to a Zhongzhai Village. The
village is a low-income neighborhood that could exist next to the TOD site for another 10-20 years,
before the village agrees to sell the land to the municipal government under Chinese law. The
conceptual masterplan was developed and initially presented in Xiamen with the assistance of two
Xiamen Univesity students, Zoe and Sue, and a WuHan University student, LinJing. After travelling
back from China, the remaining group members were tasked with developing more detailed plans of
the overall masterplan and creating a form based code that could be used as a tool to develop the
site in the future. A review of the conceptual plan completed in Xiamen, a compiled and more detailed
study of the plan and it’s form based code have been compiled in the following pages.
Abstract

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Table of Contents
Site History and Context
2.3: Application of Concept in Design Strategy 10
2.2: Concept Evolution 9
2.1: Project Constraints and Goals 9
Project Overview
Chapter 2
1.3: Site Analysis 7
1.2: Existing Conditions 6
1.1: History of Xiamen and Planning Area 6
Chapter 1
Detailed Site Studies 19
Chapter 4
Design Proposal: Bridge the Gap 13
Chapter 3
4.3: Ecological Park and Southern End 34
4.2: Cultural District 30
4.1: Northern End 21
Revised Master Plan 48
Chapter 5
6.5: Electronic Copy Back Cover
6.4: Works Cited 98
6.2: Definition of Terms 91
6.1: Precedent Library 89
Appendix 88
Form Based Code 45

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This Page Left Intentionally Blank

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Located in Southeast China’s Fujian Province, Xiamen island has a long history of being a successful
seaport, which is why the city’s name translates into ‘gate of China.’ While still a prosperous port, the
city has focused on utilizing their natural resources to enhance their tourism industry. Fujian Province
and the island experience subtropical monsoon climate with mild weather throughout most of the year,
which supports tourism as well as the surrounding natural landscape of beautiful vistas to the sea
and mountains. Furthermore, the city boasts a variety of folk customs from minority populations that
are allowed to flourish, with special considerations provided to festivals that can attract both Chinese
nationals and international travelers to the island.
Chapter 1: Site History and Context
1.1: History of Xiamen and Planning Area
1.2: Existing Conditions
Collectively, there are three parcels that form
Xiamen’s Wuyuan Bay Transit Oriented Devel-
opment site located on the island’s eastern coast
and is shaped by Wuyuan Bay and the 401 Coun-
ty Road. While the site currently has access to a
well-maintained beach, with views to bridges and
the nearby wetland, it is not easily accessible and
is hardly used by the public. The site was previ-
ously developed as a tourist location and contains
a number of cultural buildings, such as the Fujian
Yuangu History Museum, The Treasure Museum,
and a few galleries. Unfortunately, it is significantly
underutilized because the site was developed as
a destination with little to no housing, office and
commercial space provided.
There are more cars than locales on the streets with cultural amenities.
A white fence runs along the length of the site and hinders beach access.
Although the site is not easily accessible, it does offer beautiful views of the bay on its boardwalk.
A wide and active highway block pedestrian access to the site.

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The extension of Xiamen’s transit infrastructure into the site provides another opportunity to capitalize
on all of the strengths this site has to offer to the entire island’s population. The proposed Metro Line
2 will run along the length of the site, underneath Roundabout Main Road, and allows for two stations
within the site. Wuyuan Bay North station will be a transfer station to Line 3 and Wuyuan Bay South
Station will provide a closer entrance to Wuyuan Bay Wetland Park.
Currently, a small commercial zone to the north, Zhongzhai village to the west, high-rise residential
towers to the south frame the site, and the man-made bay shapes the site’s eastern edge. However,
with the proposed stations, the entire area is likely to be redeveloped to encourage more density with-
in the next fifteen to twenty years.
1.3: Site Analysis
Zhongzhai Village
Wuyuan Bay Wetland Park
High-Rise Residential Towers
Office Zone
Commercial Zone
Site Boundary
Xiamen continues to experience both economic and population
growth, which is shifting the city’s planning focus from the developed
western coastline to the underdeveloped eastern coast. Wuyuan Bay
and its surrounding infrastructure make this development site an ideal
new urban gateway that could symbolize a connection between the
western and eastern coasts of the island.
External Strength:
Entrance to Zhongzhai Village
High-rise Residential Towers to the South
Wuyuan Bay Wetland Park
Establishing a New Urban Gateway
The distance from Xiamen’s commercial downtown and main tourist
attractions hinder the number of visitors that would be interested in
traveling to the site.
External Weakness:

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The development site acts almost as an intersection between two
pivotal gateways into the city: the Gao Qi Airport and the Xiangan
Cross-Harbour Tunnel, which connects both Jimei and Xinlin districts
to Xiamen’s downtown.
Transportation Strength:
While the site’s infrastructure is able to accommodate vehicular
traffic, it is not suitable for pedestrians and acts as a barrier by
restricting visitor access into the site.
Transportation Weakness:
Proximity to Established Infrastructure
Egrets are native and thrive in Xiamen
With the exception of the monsoon
months, May and June, the city and site
experience mild weather conditions that
Environment Strength:
While the bay and wetland were man-made and added value to the
Huli district, the site is not immune to the poor air quality that continues
to become a prominent issue throughout all of China. Furthermore,
Zhongzhai village lacks quality facilities and pollution and poor
sanitation are an issue.
Environment Weakness:
allows for the area’s notable egret habitat to thrive in the nearby
wetland park.
Great care and consideration was given to the site’s landscaping and
pedestrian circulation, where a manicured boardwalk is accessible to
pedestrians along the bay’s front.
Internal Strength:
While the boardwalk is a value-add to the site, the other open spaces
available to the public are boring, with little to no shade and no street
furniture.
Internal Weakness:
The proposed metro lines will support the needs of attracting more
External Opportunity:
Other development is already occurring in other parts of Huli district, including Gao Lin, a housing
development, and Wan Da, a commercial development project.
External Threat:
To encourage tourism, Xiamen is particularly supportive of their
minority groups and Zhongzhai village happens to include one of
those populations, which is known for their Dragon Boat Festival.
Internal Opportunity:
While Zhongzhai village provides a rich cultural opportunity, the
village houses a large low-income population that depends on
low-end commerce and has experienced crime in the past.
Lastly, throughout the entire country there has been a give-and-
take relationship between tradition and modernity; this will be vary
apparent with whatever development project occurs on the site,
especially since the village may continue to exist for decades.
Internal Threat:
There is little to no shade or street furniture
offered for visitors
young professionals to Xiamen’s new Torch High-Tech Industrial Development Zone. Additionally, the
island’s southern Siming District continues to experience increasing land prices; northern Huli district
is seen as a more financially attractive place to live for young professionals.
Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated during the
month of May in Xiamen

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Since this site is intended as a transit oriented development, the programming of the site needs to
support such a use while taking into consideration the social, economic, and environmental
influences that could develop in the future for the area. The development goals include a Floor Area
Ratio (FAR) between 2 and 2.5, which translates into 360,00 – 450,000 sq. meters of building.
Commercial spaces in the form of a shopping center, shopping street or waterfront entertainment area
had to be included in the design, as well as two hotels, office spaces of around 40,000 sq. meters,
approximately 120,000 – 150,000 sq. meters of housing, and various cultural facilities. Additionally,
at least twenty percent of the development site had to be composed of public open space. Buildings
were suggested to have a minimum setback of 20 meters from the main avenue and there were no
limits on building heights. Lastly, there was no parameters set that dictated the need to keep any of
the existing buildings.
Chapter 2: Project Overview
2.1: Project Constraints & Goals
2.2: Concept Evolution
The concept for the development stems from the require-
ment to ‘Bridge the Gap’ between three impeding develop-
ment impacts which are Social, Environmental, and Eco-
nomic.
Connecting Social Gaps:
To ensure social connectivity between the adjacent local
urban fabric of the Zhongzhai village and the site, the con-
cept evolved to minimize gentrification, and connect with a
cultural vertical village. The importance lies with the ability
to Age in Place; Live, Work, and Play; and the sense of a
Cultural Identity within a modern development.
Connecting Environmental Gaps:
The site offers ample opportunity for environmental aware-
ness, thus a passive design evolved as a response to
protect the ecological balance of the shoreline and site,
while expanding ecologies with urban farming, maintaining
beachfront recreational vocations, while promote a healthy
living environment.
Connecting Economic Gaps:
The program requirements dictated along with the size and magnitude of the project, place the devel-
opment in a category as a catalyst for regional change. This scale of opportunity for a 2nd city center
in Xiamen allows for the design of an economic engine to fund development costs and attract Chi-
na500 business.
Concept Focus Areas

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2.3: Application of Concept in Design Strategy
With the island of Xiamen under rapid urbanization, as with all of China, the issue of urban verticality
has become an important debate. The urban renewal process is erasing traditional urban villages and
shaping vertical urban centers which distinguish themselves as a contemporary urban culture. Thus
the exploration of verticality is critical to development of a sustainable site. This development focuses
on two topics: compact urban form in an urban center, and organization of infrastructure, programs,
and public spaces in a three-dimensional framework.
Design Principle behind Bridging Social Gaps:
The importance lies with the ability to Age in Place; Live, Work, and Play; and the sense of a Cultural
Identity within a modern development. In accordance with program requirements for vertical urban-
ism, our answer addressed a comprehensive approach – in other words a responsibility towards so-
cial inclusivity in a place and time where new development usually comes at the expense of disrupt-
ing existing social networks. This calling for a connective physical and social network brought to our
attention the following issues. The following categories identify each concern and how we addressed
those challenges.
Connectivity at the Urban Scale
- The design strategy includes provisions for regional
connectivity using different modes of transportation from
easy to access perimeter locations.
- A developed relationship between Zhongzhai Village and the
site: a proposed cultural district which responds to the
existing urban fabric.
- The centrally positioned cultural district is designed as
a vertical village; a continuation of Zhongzhai village.
- Comprehensive planning inclusive of neighboring
low-income needs.
- Direct public access between the Wuyan Bay beach
and the existing urban village as a continuation of the
socially inclusivity.
- Direct access to an open market supporting local
resident livelihoods.
- Use of connective plazas and public space.
Transit Oriented Development TOD)
Primary to the site program was our vision to create a simple and
expressive T.O.D. scheme in order to accommodate multi-modal
connectivity including; transit, vehicular, bus, taxi, boats, pedestrian,
and tourism incorporating the following features:
- A connective concourse level between the two metro stations to
allow for multi-level pedestrian circulation at the subterranean
concourse/sunken plaza level, as well as the street level.
- The concourse level has retail offerings and open space for relief
from sun and heat.
- The various parking garages access the concourse level directly.
- The concourse level opens at the sunken plaza level.
- This concept led to the sunken plazas being placed throughout,
connecting the metro stations, the beach, and the traditional urban
village.

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Pedestrian Circulation
- Offer a distinctive and connective circulation pattern
throughout the site to link urban spaces within the various
districts together.
- An urban park between the districts interweaves the
pedestrian experience under tree canopy opening to
lagoons with beach access.
- Design the circulation pattern for site connectivity
between villagers, residents, visitors and workers at
various levels.
- Link public space at the ground level to lower and raise
public plazas above.
- Design for pedestrian and vehicular circulation at
separate levels.
Vehicular Circulation
- Limit private vehicular circulation within the site at the
ground level in order to maximize pedestrian circulation.
- Make underground parking garages available throughout
the site.
- Allow for a connective emergency circulation route at
ground level within the site.
- Connective plazas offer plenty of space for emergency
vehicles to access any part of the site.
Waterway Circulation
- Propose a waterway connection between the site and the
yacht club directly across the bay.
- Alignment of a marina with an extension of the site.
- Offer bay access to boat with docks, entertainment, and
supplies.
Design Principle behind Bridging Environmental Gaps:
The following environmental and ecological considerations are the driving forces behind the design:
- Development of public spaces in relation with proximity to shade
- Coastline interaction
- Developing a connection with the wetland park across the bay with a series of ecological islands
- Positioning structures in relation to solar heat gain, and wind directions
- Prioritizing site-thru-access points and establishing a ‘purely public’ beach access
- Direct connection with Wuyuan Bay
- Prioritizing location and duration of the connective ecological footbridge emerges at important
locations or only within important districts
- Maintaining a balance between nature and society with greenbelts, islands, beach and park
- Creating public space along the beach which connects the bay and the village

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Design Principle behind Bridging Economic Gaps:
What kind of place is it? Will a villager feel welcome to inhabit the site? These types of questions and
others take into consideration market potential and exclusivity – all of which address recognition and
identify in a changing market.
In order to bridge these considerable gaps, particular attention is paid to articulating districts thru the
use of vertical urbanism. By articulating the figure ground of the urban space, districts are formed and
public space is studied for creating exciting, memorable and attractive spaces.
The districts which manifested as a result of the analysis were (1) a centrally located cultural district
tying directly to the existing traditional village, serving as a magnet for cultural activities, and (2) two
economic centers anchoring the development which resulted as a response to attracting regional
market activities which can build on economic, commercial, cultural, entertainment, beach, park, and
environmental considerations. The activities within the districts include the following offerings:
- Iconic Architecture
- Commercial Office Space
- Maritime Museum
- Amphitheatre
- Mixed-use Programs
- Retail Offerings
- Open Market venue for economic and livelihood opportunity between local villagers, residents and
visitors in the cultural district order to bridge the gap
- Direct access to beach and recreational opportunities
- Live/Work Units
- Residential Units
- Marina/Yacht Club
- Social nodes
- Ecological Habitat

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Chapter 3: Bridge The Gap Design Proposal
Final Poster #1 (Please note that scaled images are available on the digital copy.)

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Images of the Physical Model
Bird’s Eye View of Site from Across Wuyuan Bay
Bird’s Eye View of Site from Wuyuan Bay Wetland Park
Bird’s Eye View looking into the North Ecological Business Center

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Chapter 4:
Detailed Design Studies

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21BRIDGE THE GAP: Ecological Business District
Ecological Business District
Form-Based Urban Design Guidelines for Ecological Business Sub-districts
William Penland
4.1 Ecological Business District

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* Not to Scale
Sunken Plaza
Monumental Tower
Topographic Podium
Linked Courtyards
Civic Green
Wuyuan Bay
Multi-Level Concourse
Pedestrian Street
Ecological Avenue (Woonerf)
Parkway
Beachfront Promenade
Beach
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
A
B
C
C
F
D
D
D
E
G
H
I
J
J
K
K
I
H
C
A
District Master Plan
ECOLOGICAL BUSINESS DISTRICT
@ WUYUAN BAY NORTH STATION William Penland, 2014
BRIDGE THE GAP: Ecological Business District

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* Not to Scale
Ecological Business District: William Penland
L
L

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@ WUYUAN BAY NORTH STATION
Trunk Road Ecological AvenueExisting
High-Rise
Residential
“A New Urban Core”
The Ecological Business District takes full
advantage of it’s location at the intersec-
tion of metro lines 2 & 3 (the future Wuyu-
an Bay North metro station) to create a
new (supplimentary) city center for the city
of Xiamen. The new core serves to revital-
ize the area, improve and expand a lacking
public space network, and become a cata-
lyst for further redevelopment in the Wuyu-
an Bay area as well as across the entire
north side of the island.Volumetric Massing
Site Section Through Sunken Plaza and Multi-Level Concourse

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Parkway Beach Bay
Promenade
Bird’s-Eye Perspective of Bulding Massing on Site
Total SiteArea:
BuildableArea:
% Open Space:
FloorArea Ratio:
Dwelling Units/Hectre:
Population:
Commercial:
58,450 m2
(5.85 hectres)
18,790 m2
65 %
2.35
1,028
(60 m2 avg.)
2570
74,776 m
2

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Massing Perspective of Multi-Level Concourse
Massing Perspective of Sunken Plaza & Concourse
Transit-Oriented Development
A sunken plaza submerges into the site
along a predominant axis which bisects
the bay and connects back to the metro
station. This plaza (the area immediate-
ly adjacent to the main trunk road, grand
stair, and transit entrance) transitions into
a multi-level concourse with retail and com-
mercial fronting onto the public space as
it slowly ramps up to a monumental tower
and the waterfront promenade beyond.

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One-way Vehicular
Loop
Sunken Plaza
One-way Vehicular
Loop
Linked CourtyardsLinked Courtyards
Cross Section Through Multi-Level Concourse

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BRIDGE THE GAP: Ecological Business DistrictBRIDGE THE GAP: Ecological Business District
Massing Perspective of Sunken Plaza & Concourse
Pedestrian-Dominated Urbanism
Running as a north-to-south spine along
the site, a pedestrian dominated shared
street creates a safe and vibrant atmo-
sphere significantly augmenting the seri-
ously lacking existing open space network,
which can also facilitate vehicular move-
ment on a small scale or for significant
events. Along this path masses of topo-
graphic podium structures are organized
forming a series of linked courtyards onto
which smaller shops and cafes front.

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Ecological Avenue Parkway
Promenade
Parking Access
Mid-Block Section Through Ecological Avenue & Courtyard Blocks
Street Type:
Shared Street (Woonerf)
Mifflin Street Woonerf - Madison,
Wisconsin, USA
Photo Credit:
http://cdn.urbancincy.com/wp-content/up-
loads/2014/07/Woonerf-in-Madison-WI.jpg
Building Type:
Topographic Podium w/ Tower
Zorlu Center - Emre Arolat Architects
Istanbul, Turkey, 2008
Photo Credit:
http://cdn.urbancincy.com/wp-content/up-
loads/2014/07/Woonerf-in-Madison-WI.jpg
Spatial Type:
Sunken Plaza
Sky SOHO - Zaha Hadid Architects
Shanghai China, 2013
Photo Credit:
http://www.zaha-hadid.com/
Spatial Type:
Sanlitun SOHO - Kengo Kuma and
Associates, Beijing, China 2010
Photo Credit:
Precedents

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4.2: The Cultural Village
Zhongzhai Village Existing Zhongzhai Village Plaza
Existing Zhongzhai Village StreetExisting Zhongzhai Village Alley
The Cultural Village attempts to provide a healthier and more inclusive environment for the Huli
District, while respecting the demands and requirements of a successful Transit-Oriented Develop-
ment project.
Zhongzhai Village provides public space that has been built into the Village’s urban fabric,
however it is all hardscaped and offers very little unpolluted natural landscape. The new development
allows for more vegetation to occur in adaptable spaces that can accommodate a variety of activities,
including an open air market, plaza dancing and Dragon Boat Festival rituals.
Perspective B: Open Market Connection between the Ecological Promenade to the Sunken Plaza.

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Pedestrian Bridge
Sunken Plaza
Plaza with Retail
Open Market
Pedestrian Bridge
SectionA
1/8 Walking Shed
The Cultural Village Site Plan (not to scale)
1,140 Residential Units
14,664 SM of
Commercial Space
9,518 SM
of Retail
Space
1,140 Residential Units
14,664 SM of
Commercial Space
9,518 SM
of Retail
Space
Program Details:Program Details:
Floor to Area
Ratio:
1.85
Floor to Area
Ratio:
1.85
Dwelling Units
per Hectare:
792
Dwelling Units
per Hectare:
792
Population:
2,850
Population:
2,850

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Section A: North to South Section looking East; Not to Scale
Pedestrian Bridge
Wuyuan Bay’s
North Eco-Center
Connected Building with
Open Space for Residents
Sunken Plaza
Section D: West to East Section
looking North; Not to Scale
Zhongzhai Village
Perspective B: Village Avenue looking towards the Sunken
Plaza
Fabric Integration into Site
Site Pedestrian Grid Network
Village Pedestrian Grid Network
Primary Vehicular Routes
Emergency & Delivery Vehicular
Routes
Retractable Bollards
Parking Garages
Vehicular Entry and
Exit Points
Pedestrian Entry and Exit
from Garage
Vehicular and Commuter
Entry Points
Emulating Existing Village Fabric
Vehicular Circulation Into and
Through Site

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Pedestrian Bridge Entrance for Wuyuan
Bay South Metro
Station
Urban Park and
SouthEnd
Village Avenue
Ecological Boardwalk
Wuyuan Bay
Detailed Node depicts
possible landscaping
details of the Sunken
Plaza that connects
Zhongzhai Village
directly to the
Ecological Boulevard
and Wuyuan Bay. Not
to scale.

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- Offer a distinctive and connective circulation pattern
throughout the site to link urban spaces within the various
districts together.
- An urban park between the districts interweaves the
pedestrian experience under tree canopy opening to
lagoons with beach access.
- Design the circulation pattern for site connectivity
between villagers, residents, visitors and workers at
various levels.
- Link public space at the ground level to lower and raise
public plazas above.
- Design for pedestrian and vehicular circulation at
separate levels.
Pedestrian Circulation
Transit Station Connection
Concourse to Metro Level Connection
Network Based Pedestrian Shed
4.3: The SouthEnd

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Figure Ground Diagram
Southend District and Surrounding Context
- Limit private vehicular circulation with-
in the site at the ground level in order to
maximize pedestrian circulation.
- Make underground parking garages
available throughout the site.
- Allow for a connective emergency cir-
culation route at ground level within the
site.
- Connective plazas offer plenty of
space for emergency vehicles to ac-
cess any part of the site.

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Site Plan for the Southend District

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Development Concept
For the Southend District
The concept for the development stems from
the requirement to ‘Bridge the Gap’ between
three impeding development impacts which
are Social, Environmental, and Economic.
Connecting Social Gaps:
To ensure social connectivity between the
adjacent local urban fabric of the Zhongzhai
village and the site, the concept evolved to
minimize gentrification, and connect with a
cultural vertical village. The importance lies
with the ability to Age in Place; Live, Work,
and Play; and the sense of a Cultural Identity
within a modern development.
Connecting Environmental Gaps:
The site offers ample opportunity for envi-
ronmental awareness, thus a passive design
evolved as a response to protect the ecolog-
ical balance of the shoreline and site, while
expanding ecologies with urban farming,
maintaining beachfront recreational voca-
tions, while promote a healthy living environ-
ment.

38
Site Plan
Ecological Islands
Ecological Reserve
Promenade
Urban Center District
Urban
Mixed Use
District
Boardwalk Plaza
Metro
Plaza
Urban Plaza

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View progression of the Pedestrian Avenue thru the
Southend Mixed Use District from the Promenade
north to the Metro Plaza
Development Model
Boardwalk Plaza
Metro Plaza
Urban Plaza
Looking north along the Pedestrian Avenue
Elevation thru Plaza in the Mixed Use District
Boardwalk Plaza
Metro Plaza
Boardwalk Plaza
Boardwalk Plaza
Metro Plazaw

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Urban Plaza in the Mixed Use District
Character
Pedestrian Avenue and Urban Plaza
Located at the crossroads of the Mixed Use and Urban
Center District lies the Urban Plaza. This public space is the
destination point along the Pedestrian Avenue, which is the
heartbeat of the Southend District. Together they are acti-
vated by the transit station serving the southend district.
With an amazing array of lifestyle opportunities the South-
end District boasts offerings of work and living over a retail
promenade, with scenic views of Wuyuan Bay and an sur-
rounding ecological park.
The Urban Mixed Use District
is intended to encourage and
sustain pedestrian-oriented de-
velopment along major urban
corridors connecting work-live
with entertainment. It consists
of high density mixed use
accommodating; recreational,
entertainment, civic, retail,
office, lodging, condominiums,
and apartments. It has wide
sidewalks, urban plazas, flush
curbs, and street tree planting.
Buildings maintain 0 setback
and height is capped at 30
stories.
The Urban Center District
addreses transit oriented
development. It consists of
a higher density mixed use
accommodating; transit,
office, commercial, civic, retail,
lodging, condominiums, and
apartments. It has wide side-
walks, urban plazas with flush
curbs, private courtyards, and
street tree planting at regular
intervals. Buildings maintain 0
setback and height is capped
at 25 stories.

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Looking south to the Museum and Boardwalk Plaza Looking west from the Urban Plaza into the Mixed Use District
Looking northwest into the Urban Plaza
Looking north into the crossroads of the Urban Center & Mixed Use District Looking north along the Pedestrian Avenue
Looking north from the Urban Plaza to the Metro PlazaTransit station access in the Urban Center District

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Precedence
Density, Complexity & Verticality
Building typology for the Urban center and Mixed Use district
Prime waterfront living and dining in the Lakeside District in Xiamen
Nightlife on the Waterfront in the Lakeside District in Xiamen, China

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Ecological Reserve
View along Promenade
Ecological Islands
Boardwalk to Ecological Islands
Preservation of the ecosystem is
imperative and addressed within two
areas on the southend of the site. An
open space area linking the cultural
district to the north is reserved and
extended to a series of new island
ecologies. The program places an
emphasis on improving the pedes-
trian experience, and healthy living.
The ecology network responds with
opportunities for interaction with the
environment while promoting aware-
ness.
Precedence
Ecological Reserve
Spatial typology for the Urban center and Mixed Use district

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BRIDGE THE GAP
Regulating Plan & Form Based Code
Ecological Business District, Will Penland
Cultural Village, Rachel Safren
Mixed Use SouthEnd, David Perry

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5.4: Spatial Typology 86
1.3: Transect 49
1.1: Purpose & Special Requirements 47
5.2: Private Frontage Conditions 82
5.3: Building Typology 84
Table of Contents
Introduction
1.2: Bridge The Gap Masterplan 48
2.2: District Designations 54
2.1: Site Plan 52
Ecological Business District 50
2.3: Regulating Plan 53
1.4: Site Summary Regulations 78
2.4: District Provisions 55
2.5: Building Composition 57
3.1: Site Plan 60
Cultural Village District 59
4.1: Site Plan 70
Mixed-Use SouthEnd District 69
Frontage Conditions & Typologies 77
5.1: Public Frontage Conditions 80

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Purpose & Special Requirements:
The purpose of this document is to provide regulatory guidelines about how the Wuyuan Bay Transit
Oriented Development site is to be planned and constructed. All development projects must adhere to
code.
Bridge the Gap’s intent is to become Xiamen’s second city center and provide a new gateway to
the island from the north. With the development site situated between two proposed metro stations,
heavy activity and traffic, both pedestrian and vehicular, require dense mixed-use districts to be
developed. While there is a great incentive to provide a large entertainment core for this population,
that will be mainly composed of commuters and young professionals and families that want affordable
housing and work in the Torch High-Tech Industrial Park, consideration must be paid to the
neighboring Zhongzhai Village. The village may not be redeveloped for another 10-20 years and its
residents provide a great deal of cultural value to Xiamen’s north Huli District. Due to these
conditions, the following requirements are mandated for all construction proposals occuring within the
Bridge The Gap development project:
- A minimum of 15% of all housing units must be considered affordable in order to ensure that
gentrification does not occur.

- A minimum of 20% of the site must be dedicated to public open space. This does not include
Wuyuan Bay’s public beach or currently existing boardwalk.
- A minimum of 60 sm of open space, in the form of a community garden or a communal
gathering spot, must be provided within all buildings above the 3rd floor, or as a roof garden,
that is accessible for building tenants or residents.
Additionally, developers may qualify for the Building Extension Program, where building heights may
be increased in order to accomodate additional stories, if a developer meets one of the following:
- Increasing the number of affordable units, past the 15% requirement, by any amount within
their development site.
- Meeting the standard U.S. LEED requirements for a development site and building.

49
Legend
Transect
Civic Space
T1 Ecological Reserve
T4 Beach Neighborhood
T5 Cultural Core
T5 Street Neighborhood
T5 Park Neighborhood
T5 Urban Mixed Use
T6 Mid-Rise Urban Complex
T6 High-Rise Urban Complex
T6 Urban Center

50
Ecological Business District:
Regulating Plan & District Provisions
Will Penland

51
Eco-Business District: William Penland - MUDD 5602 - Walters
“A New Urban Core”
The Ecological Business District takes full advantage of it’s location at the intersection of metro
lines 2 & 3 (the future Wuyuan Bay North metro station) to create a new (supplimentary) city
center for the city of Xiamen. The new core serves to revitalize the area, improve and expand a
lacking public space network, and become a catalyst for further redevelopment in the Wuyuan
Bay area as well as across the entire north side of the island.
BRIDGE THE GAP: Urban Design Guidelines
Ecological Business District
Form-Based Urban Design Guidelines for Ecological Business Sub-districts
William Penland

52
District Master Plan
* Not to Scale
Sunken Plaza
Monumental Tower
Topographic Podium
Linked Courtyards
Civic Green
Wuyuan Bay
Pedestrian Street
Ecological Avenue (Woonerf)
Parkway
Beachfront Promenade
Beach
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
A
B
C
C
F
D
D
D
E
G
H
I
J
J
K
K
L
L
I
H
C
A

53
District Regulating Plan
* Not to Scale

54
District Designations
Ecological Business District: Subdistricts
The districts in the Southend have been established from transit oriented development access center. The Development
is intended to accomodate foremost, pedestrian-oriented movement within a highly populated urban mixed use center.
T6-A Mid-Rise Urban Complex
Zone consists of high density
mixed use buildings accomo-
dating diverse retail, office,
and residential uses. It links to
a network of streets, with wide
sidewalks, steady street tree
plantingsandbuildingssetclose
to the sidewalks.
T6-A Mid-Rise Urban ComplexM-UC
Shops mixed with Offices, Flex Units, and
Apartments;treeswithinthepublicright-of-
way; substantial pedestrian activity
General Character:
Shallow Setbacks or none; buildings
orientedtostreetdefiningastreetwall
Building Placement:
Courtyard, Forecourt, Storefront, Terrace,
Stepped, Balcony, Arcade, Stacked (w/
warrant)
Frontage Types:
Typical Building Height:
Courtyard, Plaza, Green, Pedestrian
Street, Ecological Avenue, Concourse
Type of Open Space:
T6-B High Rise Urban ComplexH-UC
Ecology ReserveER
mix Natural landscape and Hardscape
with some ecological use
General Character:
Not applicableBuilding Placement:
4 to 12 stories
Frontage Types: not applicable
T6-BHigh-RiseUrbanComplex
Zone consists of the highest
density and height, with the
greatest variety of uses, and
civicbuildingsofregionalimpor-
tance. It links to a network of
streets, with wide sidewalks,
steady street tree plantings
and buildings set close to the
sidewalks.
High-Density Mixed Use buildings,
entertainment, Civic and cultural uses.
Attached/Interconnectedbuildingsforming
a continuous street wall and multi-level
pedestrian environment; trees within the
publicright-of-way;highestpedestrianand
transit activity
General Character:
Shallow Setbacks or none; buildings ori-
ented to street defining a street wall
Building Placement:
Courtyard, Forecourt, Storefront, Terrace,
Stepped, Balcony, Arcade, Stacked
Frontage Types:
Courtyard, Plaza, Green, Pedestrian
Street, Ecological Avenue, Concourse
Type of Open Space:
4 to 18 stories
T-1 Ecological Reserve Zone
consistsoflandsapproximating
or reverting to a wetland/water-
front condition, including lands
suitable for recreation, remedi-
ation, and habitat production.
Typical Building Height: not applicable
Beach, Green, Waterfront PromenadeType of Open Space:
840 smMinimum Lot Size:
1334 smMinimum Lot Size:

55BRIDGE THE GAP: Urban Design Guidelines
Form-Based Code Provisions
T6-A : Mid-Rise Urban Complex
Minimum District Requirements
Floor to Area Ratio: 2.25
Dwelling Units per Hectre: 246 units/ .73
hectres
- Market Tenants: 85%
- Subsidized Tenants: 15%
Commercial Space (SM): 20,271
Retail Space (SM): 30% min
Housing Units: 240 min
Parking Spots: underground
deck(s)
T6-A
A. Building Height
Principal Building 3 stories min. 4 stories max
Tower(s) no min, 12 stories max
(max incl. principal building)
B. Lot Occupation
Lot Coverage 60% min - 100% maximum
C. Building Disposition
Edgeyard permitted
Sideyard not permitted
Rearyard not permitted
Courtyard permitted
D. Setbacks
(D.1) Front Setback Primary 0 min - 1m maximum
(D.2) Front Setback Secondary 0 min - 2m maximum
(D.3) Courtyard Setback 0m minimum, no max
(D.4) Side Setback 1.5m min - 2.5m maximum
(D.5) Frontage Buildout 75% minimum at setback
E. Private Frontages
Courtyard permitted
Forecourt permitted
Storefront permitted
Terrace permitted
Stepped permitted
Balcony permitted (secondary fronts)
Gallery not permitted
Arcade permitted
Stacked permitted
(primary fronts only,
with Warrant)
1. Building height is measured in number of stories.
2. The first floor must be a minimum of 5m in height from finished floor to
finished ceiling, with a maximum allowable height of 6m. The remaining
levels cannot exceed 4m in height from floor to ceiling, with the exception
of the first (transitional) level between habitable podium roofs and tower
structures, at tower entries. (which cannot exceed 6m.)
3. Maximum allowable building height shallbe measured to the roof deck -
as specified in the corresponding diagram.
4. Towers should step back a minimum of 2m above the princpal building.
Building Configuration:
1. Required building setbacks shall be
defined by the type of public space the
particular elevation/facade in question
is fronting.
2. All buildings are required to be dis
-posed in an Edgeyard contidion within
their respective parcel boundaries
3. All buildings are mandated to provide
a public easement of at least 2m
along the edges of their lots that do
not face an identified public frontage.
Building Setbacks:
T6-AMid-RiseUrbanCom-
plex Zone consists of high
density mixed use build-
ings accomodating diverse
retail,office,andresidential
uses. It links to a network
of streets, with wide side-
walks, steady street tree
plantings and buildings set
close to the sidewalks.
*NOTE:
The primary determining factors between a T6-A & T6-B designa-
tions are max/min allowable height, (some) variability in required
buildout, and allowable building Typologies (with Warrant.) T6-A
designations are aimed at delineating a clear ‘transition’ zone be-
tween the super-dense T6-B zones and less dense adjacent uses.

56BRIDGE THE GAP: Urban Design Guidelines
Form-Based Code Provisions
T6-B : High-Rise Urban Complex
Floor to Area Ratio: 2.5
Dwelling Units per Hectre 784 units/ 1.45
hectres
- Market Tenants: 85%
- Subsidized Tenants: 15%
Commercial Space (SM): 54,505
Retail Space (SM): 40% min
Housing Units: 780 min
Parking Spots: underground
deck(s)
T6-B
1. Building height is measured in number of stories.
2. The first two floors must be a minimum of 5m in height from finished floor
to finished ceiling, with a maximum allowable height of 6m. The
remaining levels cannot exceed 4m in height from floor to ceiling, with the
exception of the first (transitional) level between habitable podium roofs
and tower structures, at tower entries. (which cannot exceed 6m.)
3. Maximum allowable building height shall be measured to the roof deck -
as specified in the corresponding diagram.
4. Towers should step back on all floors a minimum of 2m above the princpal
building.
1. Required building setbacks shall be
defined by the type of public space the
particular elevation/facade in question
is fronting.
2. All buildings are required to be dis
-posed in an Edgeyard contidion within
their respective parcel boundaries
a public easement of at least 2m
not face an identified public frontage.
Building Setbacks:
*NOTE:
Monumental Building located at terminus of multi-level concourse
(refer to district master plan) included in T6-B designation but is
not required to conform to district standards. Approval issued by
warrant.
A. Building Height
Tower(s) no min, 18 stories max
(max incl. principal building)
*20 stories max for monu-
mental building
B. Lot Occupation
Lot Coverage 75% min - 100% maximum
C. Building Disposition
Edgeyard permitted
Courtyard permitted
D. Setbacks
(D.1) Front Setback Primary 0 min - 1m maximum
(D.2) Front Setback Secondary 0 min - 2m maximum
(D.3) Courtyard Setback 0m minimum, no max
(D.4) Side Setback 1.5m min - 2.5m maximum
(D.5) Frontage Buildout 80% minimum at setback
E. Private Frontages
Courtyard permitted
Forecourt permitted
Storefront permitted
Terrace permitted
Stepped permitted
Balcony permitted (secondary fronts)
Arcade permitted
Stacked required
T6-BHigh-RiseUrbanCom-
plex Zone consists of the
highest density and height,
with the greatest variety of
uses, and civic buildings
of regional importance. It
linkstoanetworkofstreets,
withwidesidewalks,steady
street tree plantings and
buildings set close to the
sidewalks.

57
Building Configuration
Wuyuan North Eco-Center
T6
This table shows the Configurations for different building heights for each Transect Zone. It must be
modified to show actual calibrated heights for local conditions. Recess Lines and Expression Lines shall
occur on higher buildings as shown. N = maximum height as specified in Table 14k.
T6-A
T6-A
T6-B T6-B

58

59
Cultural Village District:
Rachel Safren

61
Regulating Plan
1:3000
Legend
CC Cultural Core
SN Street Neighborhood
BN Beach Neighborhood
Restricted Frontage Overlay
(Arcade Only)
PT Park Transition
CS Civic Space
For the Cultural Core, Street Neighborhood, and Beach Neighborhood, blocks, minimum and maximum lot sizes are
provided, but lot lines are not drawn in for the regulating plan. Multiple developers will contribute to the organic construc-
tion of the village by bidding and obtaining different lot sizes and shapes.

62
The districts in this Code have been established using a continuum of development intensity. The diagram below illus-
trates the four districts established in this Code as they would apply within the Development Site that are intended to
support, first and foremost, pedestrian-oriented development and a high-intensity mix of uses.
The Cultural Street Neighborhood provides
more residential space in the form of
apartments and live-work units. Buildings
are higher in this district that can provide
views out to Wuyuan Bay. Although, a range
of setback requirements must be adhered
to, a range of building/spatial typologies are
available to developers. Additionally, this
district allows for the Connective Veritcal
Building Elements to be implemented, in
order to add more residential units into the
district. Furthermore, developers may qualify
for the Building Extension Program, which
could allow the maximum building height to
be capped at 7 stories.
Street NeighborhoodSN
Primarily residential use with an
emphasis on live-work units. Small
shops and galleries are permitted up to
the second floor with sporadic trees and
landscaping. All paths are pedestrian
oriented.
General Character:
No setback to a shallow front setback,
medium side yard setback with a
mandatory public easement.
Building Placement:
Arcade, Storefront & Awning, Forecourt,
Step Entry
Frontage Types:
Green Avenue, Village Street, Urban
Park, Village Courtyard, Rooftop
Ecologies
Type of Open Space:
The Cultural Beach Neighborhood is for
mainly residential units, with sporadic small
live-work units and shop space. Building
height is limited to 2-4 stories in order to offer
Wuyuan Bay views to the districts closer to
the Trunk Road. The District has smaller lots
with the setback requirements in order to
allow for access to the Knoll’s sloping open
space, the Green Avenue, Ecological
Boardwalk, and Beach. The Building
Extension Program and Vertical Connective
Elements are not permitted in this district.
Beach NeighborhoodBN
Primarily residential use with an
emphasis on live-work units. Small
shops and galleries are permitted up to
the second floor with sporadic trees and
landscaping. All paths are pedestrian
oriented.
General Character:
No setback to a shallow front setback,
medium side yard setback with a
mandatory public easement.
Building Placement:
Arcade, Storefront & Awning, Forecourt,
Step Entry
Frontage Types:
2- to 4- StoreyTypical Building Height:
Green Avenue, Village Street, Urban
Park, Village Courtyard, Rooftop
Ecologies
Type of Open Space:
The Cultural Core’s intent is to extend and
preserve the cultural identity of Zhongzhai
Village, while providing a healthier
environment for its residents with 21st
century technology. The entire Regulating
Plan places an emphasis on improving the
pedestrian experience, as such the CC
District does not have any raise curbs and
offers small blocks and lot sizes to
developers. A range of set-back
requirements and building/spatial typologies
allow for unique structures to be created that
can respond to the existing conditions in an
organic fashion.
Cultural CoreCC
Mixed-Use buildings with Arcade
Frontages; Retail and Gallery activity
is permitted throughout the building to
encourage a cultural identity.
General Character:
No setback to a shallow setback front,
shallow to medium side yard setback
with a mandatory public easement.
Building Placement:
ArcadeFrontage Types:
Green Avenue, Village Street, Rooftop
Ecologies
Type of Open Space:
4- to 5- Storey; Eligible for 1
additional Storey by meeting LEED or
Public Space Requirements
additional Storey by meeting LEED or
Connected Vertical Elements: Permitted; 1 storey that must be
included in the total height of the building
Connected Vertical Elements: Permitted; 1-3 stories that must be
Connected Vertical Elements: Not permitted
225 - 315 smMinimum/ Maximum Lot Size:

63
The Park Transition District provides an entry
point into the Wuyuan Bay’s Cultural Village
from the Wuyuan Bay South Station and by
walking north on the Ecological Boulevard. In
addition, it acts as a gateway with its neigh-
boring SouthEnd for the commuters traveling
along the elevated highway. As a response to
these conditions, the buildings are taller and
provide more open space in order to ensure
a smooth transition from the Urban Park into
the Cultural Village. Some of the building
space in this district can be used for civic
uses, such as an employment and training
center, but a majority of it will be residential in
nature. A minimum of 15% of constructed res-
idential units in this district will be set aside
for affordable housing.
Park TransitionPT
Primarily residential use, with required
affordable housing units. Basic ameni-
ties, such as a pharmacy, grocery store,
etc. can be housed within constructed
buildings. Large lots allow buildings
to frame the park, highway, and metro
entrance.
General Character:
No setback to a shallow setbacks around
the entire lot.
Building Placement:
Arcade, Storefront & AwningFrontage Types:
Green Avenue, Sloping Plaza, Urban
Park, Civic Courtyard, Rooftop
Ecologies
Type of Open Space:
additional storeys by meeting LEED or
Connected Vertical Elements: Permitted; 1-3 stories that must be
The Regulating Plan designates certain Restricted Frontage areas that limit the permitted frontages to Arcade frontage
type only. While a wide variety of frontage types may be permitted within the underlying district, the Restricted Frontage
areas limit that variety to achieve a consistent, pedestrian-oriented streetscape in areas intended to support mixed- use
retail environments.
Restricted Frontage Overlay

64
District Provisions
Cultural Core (CC)
The Cultural Core’s intent is to extend and preserve the cultural identity of
Zhongzhai Village, while providing a healthier environment for its residents
with 21st century technology. The entire Regulating Plan places an
emphasis on improving the pedestrian experience, as such the CC District
does not have any raise curbs and offers small blocks and lot sizes to
developers. A range of set-back requirements and building/spatial
typologies allow for unique structures to be created that can respond to the
existing conditions in an organic fashion.
Village Floor to Area Ratio: 1.1
Village Dwelling Units per Hectare: 232
Number of Residents in CC: 410
- Market Tenants: 349
- Subsidized Tenants: 61
CC Commercial Space (SM): 5,000 sm
CC Retail Space (SM): 5,000 sm
CC Housing Units: 164
Village Parking Spots: 944
1. Building height is measured in number
of stories.
2. The first floor must be a minimum of
4 m in height from finished floor to
finished ceiling, with a maximum height
of 6 m. The remaining stories cannot
exceed 4 m in height from floor to ceiling.
3. Height shall be measured to the roof
deck as specified in the corresponding
diagram.
4. After the 3rd storey, all buildings must
setback additional stories 1 m to 2 m.
A. Building Height
Anxillary Buildings not permitted
Lot Occupation
Lot Coverage 90% max
Building Disposition
Edgeyard permitted
Courtyard not permitted
Setbacks
(A.1) Front Setback Primary 0 m min, 0.5 m max.
(A.2) Front Setback Secondary 0 m min, 1 m max.
(A.3) Side Setback 1.5 m min, 2.5 m max.
(A.4) Rear Setback 0 m min, 0.5 m max.
(A.5) Frontage Buildout 80% min at setback
B. Public Frontages
Pedestrian Street permitted
Shared Avenue permitted
Village Alley permitted
C. Private Frontages
Arcade permitted
Balcony not permitted
Forecourt not permitted
Shopfront not permitted
Step Entry permitted
D. Building Typology
Knoll permitted
Village Box permitted
E. Spatial Typology
Open Market permitted
Rooftop Gardens permitted
1.Buildings will have a setback of 0 m
to .5 m when situated on the Green
Avenue.
2. All buildings are required to be
situated within an Edgeyard
condition.
a public easement of 1 m along the
edges of their lots that do not face an
Avenue or Village Street.
4. There are no curbs within the district,
because of this the lot line and ROW,
without a setback, are the same.
Building Setbacks:
Connective Vertical Building Elements:
Lot ROW
Setback
Max.
Height
1. A developer may purchase multiple lots and
utilize the appropriate building typologies or the
Enclosed Tunnel, as a connective vertical
element to unify ground stories into one
structure.
2. Connected lots and structures must provide
a minimum of 60 sm of functional green open
space, constructed either vertically or
horizontally and accessible to building
residents, as a community garden and
gathering place.
3. Connected buildings are not permitted to
across the Green Avenue or the Village Street,
and may only start at the 3rd storey.
4. Connected Buildings may only bridge across
a maximum of 3 buildings on the ground plane
and include 70% glazing when crossing a
public easement.
Lot ROW
Village
Alley
Connective
Building
Mid-Block
Condition
Corner
Lot
Condition
A.4
A.3
A.2
A.1
A.3
A.3
A.1
A.4
Public Easement
T5B

65
District Provisions
Street Neighborhood (SN)
The Cultural Street Neighborhood provides more residential space in the
form of apartments and live-work units. Buildings are higher in this district
that can provide views out to Wuyuan Bay. Although, a range of setback
requriements must be adhered to, a range of building/spatial typologies
are available to developers. Additionally, this district allows for the
Connective Veritcal Building Elements to be implemented, in order to add
more residential units into the district. Furthermore, developers may qualify
for the Building Extension Program, which could allow the maximum
building height to be capped at 7 stories.
Number of Residents in CSN: 630
CSN Commercial Space (SM): 2,800 sm
CSN Retail Space (SM): 1,000 sm
CSN Housing Units: 252
of stories.
diagram.
stepback additional stories 1 m to 1.5 m.
to .5 m when situated on an Avenue or
Village Street.
condition.
a public easement of 0.7 m to 1 m
not face an Avenue or Village Street.
because of this the lot line and ROW
are the same.
Building Setbacks:
Connective Vertical Building Elements:
Lot ROW
Stepback
Max.
Height
1. A developer may purchase multiple lots and
utilize the appropriate building typologies or the
Enclosed Tunnel, as a connective vertical
element to unify ground stories into one
structure.
2. Connected lots and structures must provide
a minimum of 60 sm of functional green open
space, constructed either vertically or
horizontally and accessible to building
residents, as a community garden and
gathering place.
3. Connected buildings are not permitted along or
across the Green Avenue or the Village Street.
4. Connected Buildings may only bridge across
a maximum of 3 buildings on the ground plane
and include 70% glazing when crossing a
public easement.
Lot ROW
Village
Alley
Connective
Building
Mid-Block
Condition
Corner
Lot
Condition
A.4
A.3
A.2
A.1
A.3
A.3
A.1
A.4
Public Easement
T5A
A. Building Height
Lot Occupation
Edgeyard permitted
Setbacks
B. Public Frontages
Arcade permitted
Knoll permitted
E. Spatial Typology
Open Market not permitted

66
District Provisions
Beach Neighborhood (BN)
The Cultural Beach Neighborhood is for mainly residential units, with sporadic small live-work
units and shop space. Building height is limited to 2-4 stories in order to offer Wuyuan Bay
views to the districts closer to the Trunk Road. The District has smaller lots with the
setback requirements in order to allow for access to the Knoll’s sloping open space, the
Green Avenue, Ecological Boardwalk, and Beach. The Building Extension Program and
Vertical Connective Elements are not permitted in this district.
Number of Residents in CBN: 120
CBN Commercial Space (SM): 864 sm
CBN Retail Space (SM): 518 sm
CBN Housing Units: 48
of stories.
diagram.
4. After the 2nd storey, all buildings must
stepback additional stories 2 m to 3 m.
to .5 m when situated on an Avenue or
Village Street.
condition.
a public easement of 0.7 m to 1 m
not face an Avenue or Village Street.
because of this the lot line and ROW
are the same.
Building Setbacks:
Lot ROW
Stepback
Max.
Height
Mid-Block
Condition
Corner
Lot
Condition
A.4
A.3
A.2
A.1
A.3
A.3
A.1
A.4
Public Easement
T4
A. Building Height
Lot Occupation
Edgeyard permitted
Setbacks
B. Public Frontages
Arcade permitted
Knoll permitted
E. Spatial Typology
Open Market permitted

67
District Provisions
Park Neighborhood (PN)
The Park Transition District provides an entry point into the Wuyuan Bay’s
Cultural Village from the Wuyuan Bay South Station and by walking north
on the Ecological Boulevard. In addition, it acts as a gateway with its
neighboring SouthEnd for the commuters travelling along the elevated
highway. As a response to these conditions, the buildings are taller and
provide more open space in order to ensure a smooth transition from the
Urban Park into the Cultural Village. Some of the building space in this
district can be used for civic uses, such as an employment and training
center, but a majority of it will be residential in nature. A minimum of 15%
of constructed residential units in this district will be set aside for affordable
housing.
T5C
PT Floor to Area Ratio: 2.6
PT Dwelling Units per Hectare: 1,352
Number of Residents in PT: 1,690
- Market Tenants: 1,437
PT Commercial Space (SM): 6,000 sm
PT Retail Space (SM): 3,000 sm
PT Housing Units: 676
PT Parking Spots: 288
of stories.
diagram.
setback additional stories 2 m to 3 m.
condition.
2. The Facades and Elevations of
Principle Buildings shall be distanced
from the Lot lines as shown.
3. Facades shall be built along the
Principle Frontage to the minimum
specified width of the table.
Building Setbacks:
Lot ROW
Setback
Max.
Height
Mid-Block
Condition
Corner
Lot
Condition
A.4
A.3
A.2
A.1
A.3
A.3
A.1
A.4
Public Easement
A. Building Height
Lot Occupation
Edgeyard permitted
Setbacks
(A.1) Front Setback Primary 0 m min, 2 m max.
(A.3) Side Setback 0 m min, 2 m max.
(A.4) Rear Setback 0 m min, 2 m max.
B. Public Frontages
Ecological Boulevard permitted
Parkway permitted
Arcade permitted
Balcony permitted
Courtyard permitted
Forecourt permitted
Step Entry not permitted
Fragmented Tower permitted
Sliced Courtyard Block permitted
Topographic Podium permitted
E. Spatial Typology
Civic Courtyard permitted
Floating Bridges
Rooftop Gardens permitetd
Urban Park permitted

68
Building Configuration
Stepback
Lot ROW
Stepback
Diagram for Arcade Frontages: Diagram for All Other Frontages:
Lot ROW
Lot ROW Lot ROW
StepbackStepback
Max Height Max Height
Max HeightMax Height

69
Mixed-Use SouthEnd District:
David Perry

70
Southend District Master Plan

71
Southend District Regulating Plan

72
Mixed Use Southend District
The districts in the Southend have been established from transit oriented development access center. The Development
is intended to accomodate foremost, pedestrian-oriented movement within a highly populated urban mixed use center.
The Urban Mixed Use District
is intended to encourage and
sustain pedestrian-oriented de-
velopment along major urban
corridors connecting work-live
with entertainment. It consists
of high density mixed use
accommodating; recreational,
entertainment, civic, retail,
office, lodging, condominiums,
and apartments. It has wide
sidewalks, urban plazas, flush
curbs, and street tree planting.
Buildings maintain 0 setback
and height is capped at 30
stories.
Urban Mixed UseUMX
Predominantly attached buildings and
pedestrian oriented streets with street
trees at regular intervals. Mixed use of
shops,entertainment, recreational, and
lodging; condominium and apartments
above; shops, arcades and galleries are
permitted up to the second floor;
General Character:
0 setback for primary and secondary
frontage with a 5m rear setback
Building Placement:
Arcade, Shopfront & Awning, Forecourt,
Gallery, Boardwalk
Frontage Types:
Plaza, Courtyard, Avenue, Rooftop
Ecologies
Type of Open Space:
Urban Center DistrictUC
Preservation of the ecosystem
is imperative and addressed
within two areas on the south-
end of the site. An open space
area linking the cultural district
to the north is preserved and
extended to a series of new
island ecologies. The program
places an emphasis on improv-
ing the pedestrian experience,
and healthy living. The ecology
network responds with oppor-
tunities for interaction with the
environment while promoting
awareness.
Ecological ReserveER
Environmental preservation
and awareness
General Character:
Not permittedBuilding Placement:
Permitted; Balcony overhangs, side-
walks, lighting, furniture
Park Elements:
15 to 25 Storey
Park Elements: Permitted; boardwalk, sidewalk, lighting,
furniture
Island Ecology Elements: Permitted; boardwalk
The Urban Center District
addreses transit oriented
development. It consists of
a higher density mixed use
accommodating; transit,
office, commercial, civic, retail,
lodging, condominiums, and
apartments. It has wide side-
walks, urban plazas with flush
curbs, private courtyards, and
street tree planting at regular
intervals. Buildings maintain 0
setback and height is capped
at 25 stories.
Transit oriented development with mixed
use accomodating commercial and
office; condominium and apartments
above; predominantly attached buildings
with street trees at regular intervals.
Shopfront & awning, arcades and galler-
ies are permitted up to the second floor.
Streets are pedestrian oriented.
General Character:
0 setback for primary and secondary
frontage with a 5m rear setback
Building Placement:
Arcade, shopfront & awning, forecourt,
gallery, boardwalk
Frontage Types:
Plaza, courtyard, avenue, rooftop ecol-
ogies
Type of Open Space:
10 to 20 Storey

73
Urban Mixed Use (UMX)
District Provisions
T5
1. Building height is mea-
sured in number of stories.

2. The first and second floor
must be a minimum of 5 m
in height from finished floor
to finished ceiling, with a
maximum height of 6 m. The
remaining stories cannot ex-
ceed 4 m in height from floor
to ceiling.
3. Height shall be measured
to the roof deck as specified
in the corresponding diagram.
4. After the 4th storey, addi-
tional stories must be setback
1 m to 3 m as shown.
A. Building Function
Residential permitted
Lodging permitted
Office permitted
Civic permitted
Retail permitted
B. Building Configuration
Principal Building 4 stories min.
30 stories max
C. Lot Occupation
Lot Coverage 80% min.
Flex Box permitted
Sculpture permitted
E. Setbacks
(D.1) Front Setback Primary 0 m
(D.2) Front Setback Secondary 0 m
(D.3) Side Setback 0 m
(D.4) Rear Setback 5 m (facing boardwalk)
(D.5) Frontage Buildout 80% min at setback
F. Private Frontages
Promenade permitted
Gallery permitted
Arcade permitted
Forecourt permitted
Shopfront & Awning permitted
1.All buildings shall have a
0m setback on primary and
secondary frontages includ-
ing 0m side setbacks.

3. All buildings are required
to provide a 5m rear yard
where buildings have direct
frontage to the Boardwalk.
Building Setbacks:

74
Chapter Number and Section Title (Ex: 2.1: Section Title
Urban Center District (UC) T6
1. Building height is mea-
sured in number of stories.

2. The first and second floor
must be a minimum of 5 m
in height from finished floor
to finished ceiling, with a
maximum height of 6 m. The
remaining stories cannot ex-
ceed 5 m in height from floor
to ceiling.
3. Height shall be measured
to the roof deck as specified
in the corresponding diagram.
4. Above the 4th and 8th sto-
rey, additional stories must be
setback 1 m to 3 m as shown.
A. Building Function
Residential permitted
Lodging permitted
Office permitted
Civic permitted
Commercial permitted
Retail permitted
B. Building Configuration
Principal Building 8 stories min.
25 stories max
C. Lot Occupation
Lot Coverage 80% min.
Flex Box permitted
Sculpture not permitted
E. Setbacks
(D.1) Front Setback Primary 0 m
(D.2) Front Setback Secondary 0 m
(D.3) Side Setback 0 m
(D.4) Rear Setback 5 m (facing boardwalk)
(D.5) Frontage Buildout 80% min at setback
F. Private Frontages
Promenade not permitted
Gallery permitted
Arcade permitted
Forecourt permitted
1.All buildings shall have
a 0.0m setback on primary
and secondary frontages in-
cluding 0.0m side setbacks.

3. All buildings are required
to provide a 5m rear yard
where buildings have direct
frontage to the Boardwalk.
Building Setbacks:
District Provisions

75
Southend District Building Configuration
T6T5
Building Configuration. This table shows the Configurations for different
building heights for each Transect Zone. It must be modified to show actual
calibrated heights for local conditions. Setback Lines and Expression Lines
shall occur on higher buildings as shown.

76

77
Summary, Frontage Conditions &
Typologies

78
Bridge The Gap: Code Summary
District Designations ER BN SN CC PN
Densities
DUA not applicable 232* 232* 232* 1,352
FAR not applicable 1.1* 1.1* 1.1* 2.6
A. District Provisions
Lot Size or Block Perimeter not applicable 144 sm min. 225 sm min. 225 sm min. 3,000 sm
Lot Disposition not applicable Edgeyard Edgeyard Edgeyard Edgeyard
Lot Coverage not applicable 80% 80% 90% 60%
Building Setbacks
Primary Front Setback not applicable 0-0.5 m 0-0.5 m 0- 0.5 m 0-2 m
Secondary Front Setback not applicable 0-1 m 0-1 m 0-1 m 0-2 m
Side Setback not applicable 1.5-2.5 m 1.5-2.5 m 1.5-2.5 m 0-2 m
Rear Setback not applicable 0-0.5 m 0-0.5 m 0-0.5 m 0- 2 m
Frontage Buildout not applicable 60% 90% 80% 80%
B. Public Frontage Conditions
Ecological Boulevard permitted not permitted not permitted not permitted permitted
Parkway permitted not permitted not permitted not permitted permitted
Pedestrian Street not permitted permitted permitted permitted not permitted
Shared Avenue not permitted permitted permitted permitted permitted
Village Alley not permitted permitted permitted permitted not permitted
C. Private Frontage Conditions
Arcade not permitted permitted permitted permitted permitted
Balcony not permitted not permitted not permitted not permitted permitted
Courtyard not permitted not permitted not permitted not permitted permitted
Forecourt not permitted not permitted not permitted not permitted permitted
Gallery not permitted not permitted not permitted not permitted not permitted
Shopfront not permitted not permitted not permitted not permitted not permitted
Step Entry not permitted permitted permitted permitted not permitted
Fragmented Tower not permitted not permitted not permitted not permitted permitted
Monument not permitted not permitted not permitted not permitted not permitted
Knoll not permitted permitted permitted permitted not permitted
Sculpture not permitted not permitted not permitted not permitted not permitted
Sliced Courtyard Block not permitted not permitted not permitted not permitted permitted
Topographic Podium not permitted not permitted not permitted not permitted permitted
Village Box not permitted permitted permitted permitted not permitted
E. Spatial Typology
Ampitheater not permitted not permitted not permitted not permitted not permitted
Civic Courtyard not permitted not permitted not permitted not permitted permitted
Floating Bridges not permitted not permitted not permitted not permitted permitted
Island Ecologies permitted not permitted not permitted not permitted not permitted
Open Market not permitted permitted not permitted permitted not permitted
Plaza not permitted not permitted not permitted not permitted not permitted
Rooftop Gardens not permitted permitted permitted permitted permitted
Urban Park permitted not permitted not permitted not permitted permitted
T1 T4 T5A T5B T5C
*Figures are for the entire Village (CC, CSN, CBN)

79
Bridge The Gap: Code Summary
T5D T6 T6A T6B
District Designations UMX UC M-UC H-UC
Densities
DUA 324 ha / 131 ac 183 ha / 74 ac 337 units/hectre 540 units/hectre
FAR 3.6 2.7 2.25 2.5
A. District Provisions
Lot Size 440 meters max 460 meters max 840 m2
min 1334 m2
min
Lot Disposition not applicable not applicable not applicable not applicable
Lot Coverage 80% min. 80% min. 60% min. 80% min.
Building Setbacks
Primary Front Setback 0 m 0 m 0 m - 1 m 0 m - 1 m
Secondary Front Setback 0 m 0 m 0 m - 1 m 0 m - 1 m
Side Setback 0 m 0 m 1.5 m - 2.5 m 1.5 m - 2.5 m
Rear Setback 5 m 5 m varies varies
Frontage Buildout 80% min. 80% min. 75% min. 80% min.
B. Public Frontage Conditions
Ecological Boulevard permitted not permitted permitted permitted
Parkway permitted permitted permitted permitted
Pedestrian Street permitted permitted permitted permitted
Shared Avenue permitted permitted permitted permitted
Village Alley not permitted not permitted not permitted not permitted
C. Private Frontage Conditions
Arcade permitted permitted permitted permitted
Balcony permitted permitted permitted permitted
Courtyard permitted permitted permitted permitted
Forecourt permitted permitted permitted permitted
Gallery permitted permitted not permitted not permitted
Shopfront permitted permitted permitted permitted
Step Entry not permitted not permitted permitted permitted
Fragmented Tower permitted permitted permitted permitted
Monument not permitted not permitted not permitted required
Knoll not permitted not permitted not permitted not permitted
Sculpture permitted permitted not permitted not permitted
Sliced Courtyard Block permitted permitted permitted permitted
Topographic Podium permitted permitted permitted permitted
Village Box not permitted not permitted permitted not permitted
E. Spatial Typology
Ampitheater permitted not permitted not permitted permitted
Civic Courtyard permitted permitted permitted permitted
Floating Bridges permitted permitted permitted permitted
Island Ecologies not permitted not permitted permitted permitted
Open Market permitted permitted not permitted not permitted
Plaza permitted permitted permitted permitted
Rooftop Gardens permitted permitted permitted permitted
Urban Park not permitted not permitted not permitted not permitted

80
Public Frontages
Ecological Boulevard
The Ecological Boulevard acts as a divider between the beach and
developable land. The Boulevard should accomodate at least 2 Sharrows.
Pedestrians should be the focus of the Boulevard, and as such there should
not be any raised curbs throughout the space. Complimentary pavers should
be utilized to differentiate travel lanes and pedestrian walkways; painted lanes
are prohibited. Heavy landscaping should be used to separate the beach from
the Boulevard, with cut throughs randomly placed at its length every 5-9 m to
allow for pedestrian access to the beach. Evenly spaced trees will separate the
Boulevard from the developable land. Street furniture should be made widely
available for the public along the Boulevard’s edges.
Parkway
The Parkway is the only public frontage that could be considered a complete
street, because it is intended to be used for normal vehicular traffic. Raised
curbs and evenly spaced trees along the curb line is mandatory. The Parkway
must accomodate two lanes of traffic. Bike lanes should be differentiated from
regular vehicular traffic. Lastly, the Parkway shall only be made available
within T6 zones and provides entrances and exits out of parking gararges.
Pedestrian Street
The Village Street provides access for emergency vehicles into the narrow
Alleys of the Cultural District, but is mainly for pedestrian circulation. Trees and
other landscaping features are spread sporadically throughout the Street.
Permeable pavers should be utilized to assist with water drainage. Street
furniture can be placed along the sides of ROW, but is significantly less
present compared to the Green Avenue.

81
Shared Avenue
Public Frontages
A Green Aveue connects mutliple districts together and allows for vehicular
traffic, but is created for mainly pedestrian activity. The Green Avenue can
grow or shrink depending on the district, and must accomodate at least one
Sharrow lane, for both vehicles and bicycles. The Avenue should have 1 to
2 rows of evenly spaced trees on either side of the Sharrow to separate the
Pedestrian lanes. Additionally, complimentary pavers should differentiate
pedestrian lanes from vehicular and bicycle lanes. Lastly, street furniture, such
as benches, bicycle sheters and racks, trash receptacles, mail boxes, should
have a significant presence throughout the space.
Village Alley
The Village Alley is created from public easements along lot lines in between
buildings and is solely for the use of pedestrian use. Permeable pavers are
recommended for water drainage. Trees and landscaping will not be provided
by the municipality, but residents are permitted to utilize up to .5 m of the Alley
for personal landscaping. Village Alleys may have Connected Vertical
Buildings transversing the space at various points. When this occurs, public
lighting should be provided underneath the elevated building.

82
Arcade
A colonnade supporting habitable space that overlaps the
Sidewalk, while the Facade at Sidewalk level remains at or
behind the Frontage Line. This type is convential for Retail use
and is a typical frontage type for Xiamen, and the entire southern
Chinese region. The Arcade shall be no more than 4 m wide and
should overlap the Sidewalk to within 2 feet of the ROW. The
space underneath the Arcade and on the Sidewalk can support
signage for shops both on the vertical plane of the building and
on the roof of the colonnade, in addition stores can place tables
and chairs for customers to use.
Forecourt
A Frontage wherein a portion of the Facade is close to the
Frontage Line and the central portion is set back. While, the
Forecourt created is suitable for vehicular drop-offs, it also
provides a paved and landscaped space for the use of private
residents. This type can be allocated with in conjunction with
other Frontage types. Large trees within the Forecourt should
overhang the Sidewalks and planters should be used to separate
the Forecourt from the public street.
Step Entry
Shopfront & Awning
A Frontage wherein the Facade is aligned close to the Frontage
Line with the building entrance. This type is conventional for
Retail use. It has a significant glazing on the Sidewalk level and
an awning that may overlap the Sidewalk up to .75 m.
A Frontage wherein the Facade is aligned close to the Front-
age Line with the building entrance. A small entrance at various
points along the building Facade will provide a small step up to a
door for building access. This type is usually used for Residential
use and will be no more than 1 m inside the building.
Lot
Private
Frontage
ROW
Public
Frontage
Lot
Private
Frontage
ROW
Public
Frontage
Section Plan
Private Frontages

83
Courtyard
A Courtyard is enclosed by building Facades and provides paved
or landscaped space for private resident use. The entrance of
the Courtyard should be set back from public space by a min-
imum of 1 m and should be further separated from the public
realm by planters or trees. Lastly, the Courtyard may be en-
closed on one side by a small fence that cannot exceed 2 meters
in height and must be 90% transparent.
Balcony
A Frontage wherein a part of the living dwellings floor is extend-
ed out past the ROW. Balconies can be included amongst all
built stories, so long as the any and all stepbacks are honored.
Balconies are not permitted to extend 2 meters past the ROW.
Gallery
a Frontage wherein the Facade is aligned close to the Frontage
line with an attached cantilevered shed or a lightweight colonnad
overlapping the Sidewalk. This type is conventional for Retail use.
The Gallery shall be no less than 3 meters wide and should overlap
the Sidewalk to within 1.5 meters of the Curb.
Lot
Private
Frontage
ROW
Public
Frontage
Lot
Private
Frontage
ROW
Public
Frontage
Section Plan
Private Frontages

84
Building Typologies
Berkeley Live-Work, Toronto,
Canada
Village Box
Description Program
A tall, thin, rectilinear structure with a relatively
small building footprint. When grouped in a
complex of similar forms, the historic fabric of
traditional village scale is mimicked, while over-
all density is increased.
Mixed-Use,
Residential, Office
Knoll
Form Program
A habitable ecology, an artificial mound or hill
serving both a programatic function in addition
to operating as a foundation for a more
complex urban fabric above.
Public green space,
parking garages
Vankely, Xiamen, China
Sliced Courtyard Block
Form Program
Larger scale mixed-
use, retail and
commerical oriented
Linked Hybrid, Beijing, China
Flex Box
Form Program
Mixed-Use, Retail,
Residential, Office
Form
Description
Typical contemporary scale rectilinear structure
housing a mix of uses.
Description
A ‘sliced’ mid-rise perimeter-block form. When
grouped within a series, multiple variations of
open space can be articulated between public,
semi-public, and private open space, both
within and between individual group forms.
Description
T5
T5
T5 T6
T5 T6
VB
Code Abbreviation:
KL
FB
SC
Lafayette 148, Shantou, China

85
Building Typologies
Zorlu Center, Istanbul, Turkey
Topographic Podium
Description Program
A low to mid-rise podium form with an
articulated habitable roof plane used as both an
ecological element as well as a vertical
extension of the public realm. Mid-level to
high-rise towers are extruded vertically through
this surface for various programmatic uses.
Mixed-Use,
Residential, Office,
Open Space
Fragmented Tower
Form Program
A high-rise form ‘fragmented’ by voids of
varying heights and depths stepping or wrap-
ping vertically around a tower, such as to create
a series of shared spaces to be enjoyed by the
occupants (such as rooftop gardens, pool
areas, outdoor dining, etc.) throughout the
entire vertical column.
Mixed-Use, Retail,
Office, Residential,
Open Space
Essence Financial, Shenzhen,
China
Sculpture
Form Program
Civic, Cultural,
Entertainment Centers
Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao,
Spain
Monument
Form Program
Mixed-Use, Retail and
Office Oriented
Prince Plaza, Shenzhen,
China
Form
Description
A dynamic, high-rise urban form typically used
to anchor a district at the nexus of it’s social
and economic activity. Iconic in nature, with a
highly transparent/translucent skin, the building
should operate as a ‘lantern’, an element of
luminosity activating the nighttime skyline.
Description
A unique form of ‘high architectural character’
framed by it’s immediate context, to be viewed
as a sculptural object, or work of art. The
sculptural form should be reserved for works of
civic architecture like, yet not limited to;
museums, schools, amphitheaters, sports
stadiums, etc.
Description
T5 T6
T5 T6
T6
T5 T6
TP
FT
MT
SP

86
Spatial Typologies
Beijing Olympic Forest Park,
Beijing, China
Island Ecologies
Description Program
A series of man-made wetland islands that
creates habitats for native species and acts
as a barrier to the urban edge, while providing
additional recreation space.
Public Open Space
Sunken Plazas
Form Program
Paved public space that is framed by high-rise
towers or is depressed into the ground that acts
as a gateway from the subterranean tunnel
and public transit stations up into the surface or
street level.
Public Open Space
Magok Central Plaza, Seoul,
South Korea
Rooftop Ecologies
Form Program
Private or Public Open
Space
Urban Garden, Los Angeles,
California
Image
Description
Open space directly accessible from a building
interior.
Description
T5T2
T5 T6
T5 T6
Open Market
Form Program
Public Open Space
Panjiayuan Market, Beijing,
China
A plaza type intended for street-commerce and
social gathering space.
Description
T5T2

87
Floating Bridges
Circular Walkway, Shanghai,
China
Description Program
Elevated pedestrian paths that can be used to
create accessible open space between various
buildings for private or public recreation and
leisure purposes. Paths muust allow for some
vegetation and cannot block all sunlight into
lower levels; light wells may be utilized.
Private or Public Open
Space
Image
T5 T6
Spatial Typologies
Ampitheater
Form Program
An outdoor space intended for performances
and social gatherings with terraced seating and
a central, usually sunken, stage area
Public Open Space
Magok Central Plaza, Seoul,
South Korea
Urban Park
Form Program
Public Open Space
Buffalo Bayou Promenade,
Houston, Texas
Description
A largely unbuilt public zone, framed by urban
areas, which should link the overall site
together as well as offer a variety of activities
and ecological assets to the surrounding site
context.
Description
T5 T6
T5T2 T6
Green Belt
Courtyard
Chengdu East Village CBED
Plots, Chengdu East, China
Description Program
A fully-public, inclusive courtyard surrounded by
high-rise, mixed-use buildings.
Public Open Space
Image
T5 T6

88
Appendix:
Typology Lexicon, Definitions, References

89
Precedent Library
Linked Hybrid: Steven Holl Architects
Beijing, China
2009
Inspired the Connective Vertical Element
that the project wanted to incorporate as a
means of increasing open space for building
tenants and possibly other community mem-
bers and visitors.
Lafayette 148: Studio for Architecture
Shantou, China
2010
Provides an example of the ‘Flex or Village
Box’ typology that would be permitted
throughout the site. Typically used for
residential, it’s shape can chage to meet
the code requirements within dedicated lot
lines.
Essence Financial: OMA
Shenzhen, China
2014
This precedent depicts the fragmented
tower imagined within the Bridge the Gap
development project. To ensure plenty of
open space, ‘missing levels’ of the building
can be exposed to the elements and allow
for landscaped and communal gathering
spots.
Prince Plaza: OMA
Shekou, Shenzhen, China
2014
This precedent depicts a fragmented tower
building typology.
Guggenheim Museum: Gehry Partners,
LLP
Bilbao, Spain
1997
Provides an example of ‘sculptural
architecture,’ which allows it to be unique
amongst other buildings that surround it.
This building type would be encouraged in
the more dense areas of the site and act
as a beacon for Xiamen’s proposed second
city center.
Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park: AECOM,
Hargraves Associates, etc.
London, England
2012
Depicts what the Urban Park would resem-
ble.
Magok Central Plaza: Wooridongin
Architects
Seoul, South Korea
2012
This plaza design helped influence the
sunken plaza idea and how bridges would
rise out of the plaza and connect to various
paths throughout the site.
Circular (Pedestrian) Walkway
Lujiazui, Pudong, Shanghai, China
2009
The circular walkway connects the Lujiazui
metro station to a shopping mall that is
located directly across a major intersection
while offering views of Shanghai’s towers.
Galaxy SOHO: Zaha Hadid Architects
Beijing, China
2012
This precedent was utilized as a model for
the projects sunken plazas, where retail
was encouraged amongst various stories
and provided a direct connection to a metro
station.
Mecidiyekoy Towers: Emre Arolat Architects
Istanbul, Turkey
Proposed in 2011
An image of a monumental building that is
a requirement within the site and acts as a
beacon for Xiamen’s second city center.

90
Precedent Library
Rising Currents: A New Urban Ground:
DLand Studio and A.R.O.
New York, New York, 2010
Inspired the ecological islands that create a
new edge to the bay.
Sanlitun SOHO: Kengo Kuma and
Associates
Chanyang District, Beijing, China
2010
Influenced design decisions for the Ecolog-
ical Business Center to the north of the site.
Panjiayuan Market
Beijing, China
An open air market that influenced the
sunken plaza and open air market pagoda
structures.
Vankely: NL Architects
Xiamen, China
2013
Influenced the shape of the Cultural Village
and the inclusion of the Knoll building typol-
ogy to ensure maximum amount of green
space available to residents and visitors.
Zorlu Center: Emre Arolat Architects
Istanbul, Turkey
2008
Contributed to the design formation of
topographic podiums and multiple levels of
retail space.

91
Bridge The Gap
Definitions
Accessory Building: an Outbuilding with an Accessory Unit.
Affordable Housing: dwellings consisting of rental or for-sale units that have a rent (including utilities)
or mortgage payment typically no more than 30% of the income of families earning no more than 80%
of median incomes by family size for the country. (Alt. Definition: rental or for-sale dwellings that are
economically within the starting salary of a local elementary school teacher.)
Allee: a regularly spaced and aligned row of trees usually planted along a Throroughfare type.
Apartment: a Residential unit sharing a building and a Lot with other units and/or uses; may be for
rent or sale as a condominium.
Arcade: a Private Frontage conventional for Retail use wherein the Facade is a colonnade supporting
habitable space that overlaps the Sidewalk, while the Facade at Sidewalk level remains at the
Frontage Line.
Bicycle Lane: a dedicated lane for cycling within a vehicular thoroughfare, demarcated by striping.
Block: the aggregate of private Lots, Passages, Alleys, circmscribed by Thoroughfares.
Ecological Boulevard: a Thoroughfare designed by no or minimal vehicular capacity and slow speed,
traversing an Urbanized area by connecting and activating the site’s natural landscape.
Civic: the term defining not-for-profit organizations dedicated to arts, culture, education, recreation,
transit, and municipal parking.
Civic Building: a building operated by not-for-profit organizations dedicated to arts, culture, education,
government, transit, and municipal parking.
Civic Space: an outdoor area dedicated for public use. Civic Space types are defined by their com-
binations and constraints including the relationships among their intended use, their size, their land-
scaping and their Enfronting buildings.
Civic Zone: designation for public sites dedicated for Civic Buildings and Civic Space.
Commercial: the term collectively defining workplace, Office, Retail, and Lodging Functions.

Common Destination: An area of focused community activity, usually defining the approximate center
of a Pedestrian Shed. It may include without limitation one or more of the following: a Civic Space, a
Civic Building, a Commercial center, or a transit station, and may act as the social center of a
neighborhood.

Common Yard: a planted Private Frontage wherein the Facade is set back from the Frontage line. It is
visually continuous with adjacent yards.

92
Bridge The Gap
Definitions
Community Unit: a regulatory category defining the physical form, Density, and extent of a settlement.
The three Community Unit types addressed in this Code are CLD, TND, and RCD. Variants of TND
and RCD for Infill (Article 4) are called Infill TND and Infill RCD. The TOD Community Unit type may
be created by an overlay on TND or RCD.

Configuration: the form of a building, based on its massing, Private Frontage, and height.
Connective Vertical Element: A bridge that affords additional habitable space, in the form of apartment
units or communal gathering spaces, that connects to separate buildings and lots that are being
developed by the same entity. Specific requirements for this element may be found in the District
Provisions.
Courtyard Building: a building that occupies the boundaries of its Lot while internally defining one or
more private patios.
Curb: the edge of the vehicular pavement that may be raised or flush to a Swale. It usually
incorporates the drainage system.
Density: the number of dwelling units within a standard measure of land area.
Developable Areas: lands other than those in the O-1 Preserved Open Sector.
Disposition: the placement of a building on its Lot.
Drive: a Thoroughfare along the boundary between an Urbanized and a natural condition, usually
along a waterfront, Park, or promontory. One side has the urban character of a Thoroughfare, with
Sidewalk and building, while the other has the qualities of a Road or parkway, with naturalistic
planting and rural details.
Edgeyard Building: a building that occupies the center of its Lot with Setbacks on all sides.
Elevation: an exterior wall of a building not along a Frontage Line.
Encroach: to break the plane of a vertical or horizontal regulatory limit with a structural element, so
that it extends into a Setback, into the Public Frontage, or above a height limit.
Encroachment: any structural element that breaks the plane of a vertical or horizontal regulatory limit,
extending into a Setback, into the Public Frontage, or above a height limit.
Enfront: to place an element along a Frontage, as in “porches Enfront the street.”
Extension Line: a line prescribed at a certain level of a building for the major part of the width of a
Facade, regulating the maximum height for an Encroachment by an Arcade Frontage.
Facade: the exterior wall of a building that is set along a Frontage Line.

93
Bridge The Gap
Definitions
Forecourt: a Private Frontage wherein a portion of the Facade is close to the Frontage Line and the
central portion is set back.
Frontage: the area between a building Facade and the vehicular lanes, inclusive of its built and
planted components. Frontage is divided into Private Frontage and Public Frontage.
Frontage Line: a Lot line bordering a Public Frontage. Facades facing Frontage Lines define the
public realm and are therefore more regulated than the Elevations facing other Lot Lines.
Function: the use or uses accommodated by a building and its Lot, categorized as Restricted,
Limited, or Open, according to the intensity of the use.
Gallery: a Private Frontage conventional for Retail use wherein the Facade is aligned close to the
Frontage Line with an attached cantilevered shed or lightweight colonnade overlapping the Sidewalk.
GIS (Geographic Information System): a computerized program in widespread municipal use that
organizes data on maps.The protocol for preparing a Regional Plan should be based on GIS
information.
Green: a Civic Space type for unstructured recreation, spatially defined by landscaping rather than
building Frontages.
Green Avenue: a Thoroughfare of a low-vehicular capacity and low speed, acting as a short distance
connector between urban centers, and usually equipped with landscaping details.
Highway: a rural and suburban Thoroughfare of high vehicular speed and capacity. This type is
allocated to the more rural Transect Zones (T-1, T-2, and T-3).
Home Occupation: non-Retail Commercial enterprises. The work quarters should be invisible from the
Frontage, located either within the house or in an Outbuilding. Permitted activities are defined by the
Restricted Office category.
House: an Edgeyard building type, usually a single-family dwelling on a large Lot, often shared with
an Accessory Building in the back yard.
Linear Pedestrian Shed: A Pedestrian Shed that is elongated along an important Mixed Use Corridor
such as a main street. A Linear Pedestrian Shed extends approximately 1/4 mile from each side of the
Corridor for the length of its Mixed Use portion. The resulting area is shaped like a lozenge. It may be
used to structure a TND, RCD, Infill TND, or Infill RCD.
Liner Building: a building specifically designed to mask a parking lot or a Parking Structure from a
Frontage.

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Bridge The Gap
Definitions
Live-Work: a Mixed Use unit consisting of a Commercial and Residential Function.The Commercial
Function may be anywhere in the unit. It is intended to be occupied by a business operator who lives
in the same structure that contains the Commercial activity or industry.
Lodging: premises available for daily and weekly renting of bedrooms.
Lot: a parcel of land accommodating a building or buildings of unified design. The size of a Lot is
controlled by its width in order to determine the grain (i.e., fine grain or coarse grain) of the urban
fabric.
Lot Line: the boundary that legally and geometrically demarcates a Lot.
Lot Width: the length of the Principal Frontage Line of a Lot.
Main Civic Space: the primary outdoor gathering place for a community.The Main Civic Space is
often, but not always, associated with an important Civic Building.
Meeting Hall: a building available for gatherings, including conferences, that accommodates at least
one room equivalent to a minimum of 10 square feet per projected dwelling unit within the Pedestrian
Shed in which it is located.
Mixed Use: multiple Functions within the same building through superimposition or adjacency, or in
multiple buildings by adjacency, or at a proximity determined by Warrant.
Net Site Area: all developable land within a site including Thoroughfares but excluding land allocated
as Civic Zones.
Network Pedestrian Shed: a Pedestrian Shed adjusted for average walk times along Thoroughfares.
This type may be used to structure Infill Community Plans.
Office: premises available for the transaction of general business but excluding Retail, artisanal and
Manufacturing uses.
Open Space: land intended to remain undeveloped; it may be for Civic Space.
Outbuilding: an Accessory Building, usually located toward the rear of the same Lot as a Principal
Building, and sometimes connected to the Principal Building by a Backbuilding.
Park: a Civic Space type that is a natural preserve available for unstructured recreation.
Parking Structure: a building containing one or more Stories of parking above grade.

Passage (PS): a pedestrian connector, open or roofed, that passes between buildings to provide
shortcuts through long Blocks and connect rear parking areas to Frontages.

Bridge The Gap Final Compilation FINAL

Bridge The Gap Final Compilation FINAL

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