PRESENTATION ABOUT BRICK

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• Brick have been used all
over the world in every
class and kind of building.
• At present India has the
production capacity to
manufacture over one
lakh crore brick through
about 45000 local kilns in
an unorganized sector
• The brick do not required
dressing and the art of lay
bricks is so simple that the
brick work can be carried
out with the help of
unskilled labour.
History Of Bricks
•The bricks are obtained by moulding clay in rectangular block
of uniform size and then by drying and burning this blocks.
•As bricks are uniform size they can properly arranged.
•The common brick is one of the oldest building material.
•It is extensively used at present as a leading material of
construction, because of durability, strength, low cost, and
easily available, etc.

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Qualities Of Good Bricks
• Table-moulded, well burnt in kilns, copper colored,
free from cracks, sharp and square edges, uniform
and bright color
• Uniform and standard size
• Bright, homogenous and uniform compact structure
• Should not absorb more than 20% by weight for 1st
class bricks and 22% by weight for 2nd class bricks,
when soaked in water for 24 hours
• Sufficiently hard
• Low thermal conductivity, sound proof
• Crushing strength below 5.50 N/mm sq

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Tests For Bricks
ABSORBTION
 A brick is taken and it is weighed dry.
 It is then immersed in water for a period of 16 hours.
 It is weighed again and the difference in weight indicates the
amount of water absorbed by the brick.
 It should not, in any case, exceed 20% of weight of dry brick.
CRUSHING STRENGTH
 The crushing strength of a brick is found out by placing it in a
compression testing machine.
 It is pressed till it breaks.
 As per BIS: 1077-1957, the minimum crushing or compressive
strength of bricks is 3.50 N/mm2.
 The bricks with crushing strength of 7 to 14 N/mm2 are graded as
A and those having above 14 N/mm are graded as AA.

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HARDNESS
 In this test, a scratch is made on brick surface with the help of
a finger nail.
 If no impression is left on the surface, the brick is treated to be
sufficiently hard.
SHAPE AND SIZE
 In this test, a brick is closely inspected.
 It should be of standard size and it’s shape should be truly
rectangle with sharp edges.
SOUNDNESS
 In this test, two bricks are taken and they are struck with each
other.
 The bricks should not break and a clear ringing sound should
be produce.
STRUCTURE
 A brick is broken and its structure is examined.
 It should be homogeneous, compact and free from any defects
such as holes, lumps, etc.

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ADVANTAGES
 If plaster is to be provided on sand lime bricks, the quantity
of mortar required will be less as bricks are uniform in size
and shape.
 The calcium silicate products are available in brick, block
and tile forms. They thus permit wider uses in housing and
building construction.
 The masonry work of these bricks offer the architects
considerable flexibility to produce complex shapes, intricate
designs and different surface finishes given a pleasant
visual effect.
 The raw material of these bricks do not contain any soluble
salt. Hence, trouble of efflorescence does not arise.
 These bricks are uniform in colour n texture.

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 These bricks can be prepared where clay is
scare. In other words, the adoption of these
bricks relives pressure on the agricultural land.
 These bricks have accurate size and shape with
straight edges and true rectangular faces.
 These bricks have better water repellant
properties and noise reduction coefficients and
they grant protection from fire.
 These bricks present a clean appearance and
hence, the plastering may be avoided.
 The use of coloured sand-lime bricks offer
permanent finish to the wall without extra cost.
 The wastage of calcium silicate products is less,
say within 1% or so

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DISADVANTAGES
 These bricks are not suitable for furnace brickwork
because they will disintegrate, if exposed to heat
for a long time.
 These bricks are weak in offering resistance to the
abrasion. Hence, they cannot be used as paving
material.
 These bricks cannot be used as foundation work
as they are less water resistant than clay bricks.
 Wherever suitable clay for the manufacture of clay
bricks is available in plenty, these bricks will prove
to be un economical.

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Maintenance of brickwork
1. Mortar
Well-built clay brickwork is virtually maintenance free. The brick
color will not fade and the only obvious reparation
maybe that after many years, the joint faces may require re-
pointing. However, if the correct mix proportions are
used appropriate to the exposure factor, this will not be for many
years.
2. Graffiti
Keeping the brickwork free of graffiti can now be accomplished
by the use of a range of graffiti removing materials,
which will not harm the brick or the joint. Such materials are
readily available from most builders’ merchants, and
although they are not able to deter potential graffiti artists, they
may enable such masonry to be cleaned down
effectively.

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3.Efflorescence, Algae, Lichen
•Persistent efflorescence, extensive salt staining
from within the brickwork and vegetable growth on
the brickwork are due to excessively wet
conditions. In such cases, it is necessary to
overhaul faulty flashing and damp proof courses,
repair leaking rainwater down-pipes, renew
copings, etc.
•Particular areas of masonry that can encourage
lichen, moss, etc. are free standing boundary walls,
adjacent to trees. If this does occur, then the
application of a proprietary weed killer will not harm
the brickwork, and will rid those areas of masonry
which are likely to become saturated, such as
below
expanses of window, parapets and copings.

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4. General Staining, i.e. dirt
Staining in brickwork is generally due to
external causes but sometimes may
result from salts in the brickwork itself.
Staining can mar the appearance of
brickwork but incorrect cleaning
techniques can cause permanent
damage.
Consequently, any proposed method of
cleaning should be tried out in a small
unobtrusive area and left for as long
as possible, (at least a week or so) to
judge the results, before the whole job is
tackled

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