Pediatric Nursing

1. College: Technical College of Health shekhan
Subject: Growth and Development
Year:2 nd Stage 2 nd course
Department: Nursing
Edited by :
Muhammad Khalil
Jihan hatam
Muhammad hamid
Nariman adib
Adviser:
Dr. Bashar Ibrahim
Mr. Yasser Muhammad amen
Breast Feeding
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2.  Definition
 Benefit of breast feeding for infant
 Benefit of breast feeding for mother
 Weaning
 Contraindication to breast feeding
 Colostrum
 Energy requirement for infant
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3. Breast feeding: is the feeding of an infant or young child with breast milk directly
from female human breasts (i.e., via lactation) rather than from a baby bottle or
other container. Babies have a sucking reflex that enables them to suck and
swallow milk
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Breast feeding:

4. Breast feeding: Breast is abbreviated from:
B: Best for the baby.
R: Reduce the incidence of allergy.
E: Economical benefit.
A: Antibodies.
S: Satisfies the infant's nutritional need.
T: Temperature always correct and constant.
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5. Feeding:
F: Fresh milk.
E: Emotional bonding.
E: Easy once established.
D: Digested easily.
I: Inhibits ovulation.
N: No mixing required.
G: Gastro enteritis reduced.
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10. Weaning
Weaning is the process of introducing the children to other food and reducing the
supply of breast milk. The infant is fully weaned when it no longer receives any
breast milk. Most mammals stop producing the enzyme lactase at the end of
weaning, and become lactose intolerant.
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11. Contraindication to breast feeding
1-Maternal cancer therapy
2-Active tuberculosis not under treatment in mother
3-HIVin mother
4-Galactosemia in infant
5-Cytomegavirus
6-Maternal substance abuse
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12. Colostrums
The milk first produced in the early days after baby is born, it’s usually yellowish
in color and is very rich in proteins, vitamins, minerals and immunity factors that
are found only in the breast milk these help protect baby against infections.
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13. Appropriate infant nutritional components
age
Birth-1 month 2-3 ounces(60-90ml)per feeding breast or bottle every 2-3 hours
2-4 month 3-4 ounces(90-120ml) per feeding breast or bottle every 3-4 hours
4-6 months 4-5 ounces(120-150ml) per feeding, four or more time daily
6-8 months 6-8 ounces(180-240ml) per feeding, four time daily eat baby food such as rice, fruits
and vegetables
8-10 months 6 ounces(180ml) per feeding, four time daily eat baby soft finger foods
10-12 months 6-8 ounces(180-240ml) per feeding, four time daily eat baby soft table foods, use
spoon and cup with lid
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14. Energy requirement for infant
Daily requirement 100-120 Kcal
1 ounce ═30 ml
1 ounce requires 1 scoop dry milk
1 scoop═ 4 grams
1 ounce milk═20 Kcal
The total calories should be divided to 8 meal
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15. Example
Baby of 5 Kg body weight, energy requirement?
We use 100 Kcal /day
5*100═500 Kcal /day
500/20═25 ounce of milk required
25/8═nearly4 ounce of each meal are required (8meal/day)
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16.  1. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2010. 2nd ed.
 2- vols. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, November 2000.
(http://www.healthypeople.gov/Publications). Starr M, Chalmers I. The evolution of The Cochrane Library,
1988– 2003. Update Software: Oxford (http://www.update-software.com/ history/clibhist.htm).
 3. Fairbank L, O’Meara S, Renfrew MJ, Woolridge M, Snowden AJ, Lister-Sharp D. A systematic review to
evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to promote the initiation of breastfeeding. Health Technology
Assessment 2000;4 (25):1–171.
 4. World Health Organization. Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding. Geneva: World Health
Organization, 2003. (http://www.who. ant/child-adolescent-health/New Publications/NUTRITION/gs_ iycf.pdf).
 5. Kramer MS, Chalmers B, Hodnett ED, et al. Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT): a
randomized trial in the republic of Belarus. JAMA ( Journal of the American Medical Association)
2001;285(4):413–20.
 6. Philipp BL, Merewood A, Miller LW, et al. Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative improves breastfeeding
initiation rates in a U.S. hospital setting. Pediatrics 2001;108(3):677–81
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Thanks and the beast
regredient