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BLOOD PRESSURE
14-05-2022
DEFINITION
 Arterial blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood on the wall of a blood
vessel as the heart pumps (contracts) and relaxes.
 Systolic blood pressure is the degree of force when the heart is pumping
(contracting). The diastolic blood pressure is the degree of force when the hearts
relaxed.
SIGNIFICANCE
 To ensure the blood flow to various organs.
 Plays an important role in exchange of gases and nutrients across capillaries.
 Required to form urine.
 Required for the formation of the lymph.
SYSTOLIC BP
 Defined as the maximum B.P in the arteries attainable during systole.
 It is contributed by Blood volume, cardiac output and force of heart beat.
DIASTOLIC BP,MAP ,PP
 Defined as the minimum pressure that is obtained at the end of the ventricular diastole.
 It is the index to the peripheral resistance and decides the filling of the coronary system.
 PULSE PRESSURE = SBP - DBP
 MAP = DBP + 1/3 PP
• White-coat hypertension - BP is elevated in the office, but is normal when
measured by ABPM,HBPM, or both.
• Masked hypertension - refers to untreated patients in whom the BP is normal in the
office, but is elevated when measured by HBPM or ABPM.
• True normotension - is used when both office and out-of-office BP measurements are
normal
• Sustained hypertension - is used when both are abnormal
Hypotension
 Postural hypotension – SBP drop > 15 mm hg immedialtely standing from supine
position
HOW TO MEAUSURE BLOOD PRESSURE
 TECHNIQUE – INVASIVE NON INVASIVE
 Which arm – RT /LT ARM ( difference should not be > 10 mm hg SBP & >5 DBP
 POSITION – SUPINE ,SITTING ( ARM SHOULD BE AT THE LEVEL OF HEART )
 PATIENT – RELAXED,SHOULD NOT TAKE COFFEE /SMOKING/EXERCISE/STRESS
TIGHT CLOTHIG /DISTENDEDBLADDER
STEPHEN HALES – DEMO OF 1st BP
Measurement
INVASIVE BP MEASUREMENT
MEASUREMENT DEVICE
KORTOKOFF SOUNDS
 These sounds represent arterial oscillations from distension of
arterial wall with each cardiac impulse due to partial occlusion
of artery by blood pressure cuff
AUSCULTATORY METHOD
FACTORS AFFECTING THE BLOOD
PRESSURE
REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE
A) IMMEDIATE MECHANISM-
- Neural mechanisms:
1) BARORECEPTOR REFLEXES.
2) CHEMORECEPTOR REFLEXES.
3) CEREBRAL ISCHEMIC RESPONSE.
BARORECEPTOR REFLEX
CHEMORECEPTOR REFLEXES
 NET EFFECT- INCREASED BP, INCREASED HEART RATE.
CEREBRAL ISCHEMIC RESPONSE
Action of Angiotensin II
 Vasoconstriction
 Secretion of Aldosterone.
 Stimulation of thirst centre.
 Increased absorption of sodium from PCT by direct effect.
 Blood volume increases, CO increases, BP increases.
THANK YOU

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BP FOR BCVT.pptx

  • 2. DEFINITION  Arterial blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood on the wall of a blood vessel as the heart pumps (contracts) and relaxes.  Systolic blood pressure is the degree of force when the heart is pumping (contracting). The diastolic blood pressure is the degree of force when the hearts relaxed.
  • 3. SIGNIFICANCE  To ensure the blood flow to various organs.  Plays an important role in exchange of gases and nutrients across capillaries.  Required to form urine.  Required for the formation of the lymph.
  • 4. SYSTOLIC BP  Defined as the maximum B.P in the arteries attainable during systole.  It is contributed by Blood volume, cardiac output and force of heart beat.
  • 5. DIASTOLIC BP,MAP ,PP  Defined as the minimum pressure that is obtained at the end of the ventricular diastole.  It is the index to the peripheral resistance and decides the filling of the coronary system.  PULSE PRESSURE = SBP - DBP  MAP = DBP + 1/3 PP
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9. • White-coat hypertension - BP is elevated in the office, but is normal when measured by ABPM,HBPM, or both. • Masked hypertension - refers to untreated patients in whom the BP is normal in the office, but is elevated when measured by HBPM or ABPM. • True normotension - is used when both office and out-of-office BP measurements are normal • Sustained hypertension - is used when both are abnormal
  • 10. Hypotension  Postural hypotension – SBP drop > 15 mm hg immedialtely standing from supine position
  • 11. HOW TO MEAUSURE BLOOD PRESSURE  TECHNIQUE – INVASIVE NON INVASIVE  Which arm – RT /LT ARM ( difference should not be > 10 mm hg SBP & >5 DBP  POSITION – SUPINE ,SITTING ( ARM SHOULD BE AT THE LEVEL OF HEART )  PATIENT – RELAXED,SHOULD NOT TAKE COFFEE /SMOKING/EXERCISE/STRESS TIGHT CLOTHIG /DISTENDEDBLADDER
  • 12. STEPHEN HALES – DEMO OF 1st BP Measurement
  • 15.
  • 16. KORTOKOFF SOUNDS  These sounds represent arterial oscillations from distension of arterial wall with each cardiac impulse due to partial occlusion of artery by blood pressure cuff
  • 18. FACTORS AFFECTING THE BLOOD PRESSURE
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22. REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE A) IMMEDIATE MECHANISM- - Neural mechanisms: 1) BARORECEPTOR REFLEXES. 2) CHEMORECEPTOR REFLEXES. 3) CEREBRAL ISCHEMIC RESPONSE.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 27.  NET EFFECT- INCREASED BP, INCREASED HEART RATE.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31. Action of Angiotensin II  Vasoconstriction  Secretion of Aldosterone.  Stimulation of thirst centre.  Increased absorption of sodium from PCT by direct effect.  Blood volume increases, CO increases, BP increases.