"Women and Poverty Alleviation in Bangladesh" was published in 2009 which was written by Dr. K M Reazul Karim, Md. Mafizur Rahman and S. M Ashiqul Murshed. This presentation is aimed to review this book.
Sociologists usually consider a social problem to be an alleged situation that is incompatible with the values of a significant number of people who agree that action is needed to alter the situation.
Microfinance in Bangladesh and the Myth of Women Empowerment Manoj Bhusal
The aim of the study was to describe the impact of microfinance in empowering the women of northern Bangladesh. The study also aimed at assessing the effectiveness and outreach of NGOs and Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) in addressing the financial needs of the poor. A comparative study of long-term and short-term beneficiaries was carried out in order to evaluate the degree of social participation and political awareness. Increment in choices and opportunities was taken as the major indicator of empowerment.
The study was supported by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, Finn Church Aid, and Rangpur Dinajpur Rural Service (RDRS) Bangladesh. The study followed the qualitative research methodologies. A non-participant observation, semi-structured focus group interviews and four family case studies were carried out during the study. A non-participant observation was chosen as an important methodology and several RDRS branch offices and weekly microfinance group meetings were observed throughout the study period.
Five short-term and five long-term beneficiaries of RDRS microfinance were selected and they were posed different questions on social economic and political domains, and a set of questionnaires was used for this purpose. Four family case studies were also carried out for an in-depth study of economic empowerment and changing gender relations. Data triangulation was used to ensure validity and reliability.
The findings suggest, though the long-term microfinance beneficiaries enjoyed slightly improved chances of social mobility and possessed an added value of self-worth, there was not any significant improvement in securing an enhanced economic base, and at the same time, the longstanding issues of gender disparity and powerlessness remained unchallenged. Thus, the link between minimalist microfinance and women empowerment is not as strong as it is normally perceived.
In addition, the minimalist microfinance seems to have many limitations and, thus, cannot contribute effectively to empowerment of the poor. If the focus of the MFI is on poverty eradication and empowerment, not merely on providing financial services to the poor, the report recommends, instead of a minimalist microfinance, a holistic microfinance with vigorous educational and skill-training opportunities should be devised and implemented. It would certainly be wise to look for new models of microfinance where the poor are not necessarily entrepreneurs, but active stakeholders. Such an example has also been included in the report.
Keywords: women empowerment, microfinance, Bangladesh, poverty, empowerment measurement, gender equity, qualitative study
Identification of the effects of micro-credits on different aspects of the li...inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Sociologists usually consider a social problem to be an alleged situation that is incompatible with the values of a significant number of people who agree that action is needed to alter the situation.
Microfinance in Bangladesh and the Myth of Women Empowerment Manoj Bhusal
The aim of the study was to describe the impact of microfinance in empowering the women of northern Bangladesh. The study also aimed at assessing the effectiveness and outreach of NGOs and Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) in addressing the financial needs of the poor. A comparative study of long-term and short-term beneficiaries was carried out in order to evaluate the degree of social participation and political awareness. Increment in choices and opportunities was taken as the major indicator of empowerment.
The study was supported by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, Finn Church Aid, and Rangpur Dinajpur Rural Service (RDRS) Bangladesh. The study followed the qualitative research methodologies. A non-participant observation, semi-structured focus group interviews and four family case studies were carried out during the study. A non-participant observation was chosen as an important methodology and several RDRS branch offices and weekly microfinance group meetings were observed throughout the study period.
Five short-term and five long-term beneficiaries of RDRS microfinance were selected and they were posed different questions on social economic and political domains, and a set of questionnaires was used for this purpose. Four family case studies were also carried out for an in-depth study of economic empowerment and changing gender relations. Data triangulation was used to ensure validity and reliability.
The findings suggest, though the long-term microfinance beneficiaries enjoyed slightly improved chances of social mobility and possessed an added value of self-worth, there was not any significant improvement in securing an enhanced economic base, and at the same time, the longstanding issues of gender disparity and powerlessness remained unchallenged. Thus, the link between minimalist microfinance and women empowerment is not as strong as it is normally perceived.
In addition, the minimalist microfinance seems to have many limitations and, thus, cannot contribute effectively to empowerment of the poor. If the focus of the MFI is on poverty eradication and empowerment, not merely on providing financial services to the poor, the report recommends, instead of a minimalist microfinance, a holistic microfinance with vigorous educational and skill-training opportunities should be devised and implemented. It would certainly be wise to look for new models of microfinance where the poor are not necessarily entrepreneurs, but active stakeholders. Such an example has also been included in the report.
Keywords: women empowerment, microfinance, Bangladesh, poverty, empowerment measurement, gender equity, qualitative study
Identification of the effects of micro-credits on different aspects of the li...inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
“Emergence and Activities of Self-Help Group (SHG)-A Great Effort and Impleme...iosrjce
The budding social consciousness from corner to corner of the globe has brought a number of issues
to the fore among which gender impartiality and empowerment of women are very noteworthy. Discrimination
against women in the form of male-female segregation reflects the core of the gender-biased structure. The
education is the biggest therapeutic power and the rise in the levels of education which nourishes progressive
stance and the beginning of industrialization and modernization have effected a sea change in the attitudes and
thinking prototype of the citizens. The empowerment is not fundamentally political single-handedly in fact;
political empowerment will not be successful in the deficiency of economic, socio-cultural and environmental
empowerment. Women empowerment is a progression in which women confront the presented norms and
culture, to efficiently encourage their well being. The involvement of women in Self Help Groups (SHGs) made a
momentous impact on their empowerment both in social and economical aspects. This study addresses women
empowerment as well as rural development through self help groups of Khejuri CD Blocks in Purba Medinipur
district of West Bengal. The information requisite for the study has been collected from both the primary and
secondary sources. A multistage random sampling method has been followed. Average and percentage analysis
was accepted out to draw significant interpretation of the results. Factor analysis was used to measure the
relationship between the observed variables. The outcome of the study revealed that the SHGs have had greater
impact on both economic and social aspects of the beneficiaries.
Role of Self Help Groups in Rural Development-A Studyijtsrd
Rural development is a very dynamic process which includes in improving the socio-economic, political, environmental, and well-being of the poor people living in rural areas. In India more than 70 percent people living in rural areas, the concept of rural development assume great significance. The Molakalmuru taluk is one of the most backward taluk in Chitradurga district these areas have been facing so many problems like unemployment, poverty, lack of skills, illiteracy, and basic infrastructure health care common trend here. The present study is focused on the Socio-Economic status of Self-Help Group on rural development, and to study impact of Self-Help Group on rural development in Molakalmuru taluk. The present paper it is based on primary and secondary sources of information. Nagesha B | Ajeya G"Role of Self Help Groups in Rural Development-A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14329.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/development-economics/14329/role-of-self-help-groups-in-rural-development-a-study/nagesha-b
The following objectives are covered by our study:
To study profile of Ghashful.
To examine the loan procurement, repayment, supervision process etc.
To find out why Micro Finance as a very successful program for rural and urban poor to their poverty alleviation.
To see actual condition of loanees before and after borrowing of money from Ghashful.
To find out the contribution of Ghashful towards alleviating poverty.
To identify the irregularities and put recommendation to overcome the problems.
Sub-urbanization and new sub urban poverty In BangladeshSajedul Islam khan
The paper examines the features of suburban poor and present conditions of suburban poor people with reference to Savar areas. Data have been collected from twenty urban poor living near Savar Puroshova by using a semi structured interview questions for case study. The paper reveals that the poor men face more extreme poverty and vulnerability than women in terms of their economic, cultural and social conditions. The thesis also found that suburban poverty in the Savar areas was mostly affected by masculinization of poverty instead of the feminization of poverty. It makes a contribution to understanding and analysis of the phenomenon of rapid urbanization in the Third World like Bangladesh and its social consequences as the formation of frequent suburban mess hall like slums and new forms of urban poverty.
Finally, the suburban poor are largely dependent on their household, income, employment, medical facilities, and social networking. The paper also indicates that significant portions of the suburban dwellers are lived mostly in informal house and are living below the poverty lines.
Micro-finance: Critical Views on Poverty Alleviation and Changing Gender Rela...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Role of micro credit in poverty alleviationguest8b8cd892
Executive Summary
The study tries to look at the impact of micro credit on the lives of the poor people. There are different views on micro credit as a powerful development tool regarding its success in developing the lives of the poor and some times these views are contradictory. However poverty is a global issue; it is a problem that even the wealthiest nation is facing. In this scenario country like Pakistan is facing a great challenge to alleviate or reduce poverty because poverty is becoming cause of many problems like suicides, illiteracy, unemployment, diseases like depression, stress etc. In order to control these diseases first we have to control poverty. At government level and also at international level many strategies are made every day to control poverty. But now Dr. Younis gave a formula of micro credit that successfully worked in Bangladesh and is now replicated all over the world and also in Pakistan so; the purpose of the study was to observe that what role micro credit plays in Pakistan in poverty alleviation.
The study was conducted in four urban slum areas of Rawal pindi and Islamabad that are Muslim Colony, Dhok Kala Khan, Tehmaspabad and Shakrial. Those people are targeted who have taken micro credit so that the comparison of living standard before and after use of micro credit can be made and hence it can be seen that, if there is any improvement in their living standard after using micro credit or not. The study was based on questionnaires which were distributed after translating it into Urdu so that respondents can easily understand it and fill it accordingly. Sample for this survey was 200 with 50 respondents per area. The dependent variable taken in this study is poverty reduction where as independent variable is micro credit and moderating variable is political environment.
Some of the factors that show poverty reduction are Training and education, clean water and hygienic environment, nutrition and adequate food, accommodation, income and savings.
Overall we can say that training and education, clean water and hygienic environment, nutrition and adequate food, accommodation, income and savings are important factors of poverty reduction. Because when a person has training and education he can improve his living standard, if a person has clean drinking water and adequate food he will be healthy and can earn in a better way for his family, if his accommodation is better and enough for family members and strong enough for natural disasters he can live in a better way. And obviously if his earning is good and enough for family he can also provide recreational activities to his children and can also afford uncertain expenses such as sudden guest etc and can also do savings for future, then all these things points towards a good life, a life with a good living standard and a life above poverty line. So; all above mentioned factors plays an important role in poverty reduction.
From data analysis it is concluded that the micro credit program is effective in giving un employed people employment such as taxi driver, shop keeper etc and to meet short term needs such as return debt taken from some one else, paying fee, operation, treatment of disease etc. Mostly borrowers of Muslim colony, Dhok Kala Khan, Shakrial and Tehmaspabad have used micro credit to purchase taxi, sewing machine and opening small shop and improving accommodation.
But micro credit system is not the perfect one; it is not a replacement for jobs that are not there and skills that do not exist. Important thing is to make them financially stable, to bring them out of the poverty line and to make them able to sustain their position and improve living condition instead of returning back to the poverty line. It can be done in this way that micro credit institutions can make contract with driving centers that can giving training to those people who don’t know driving on half rate, contracts with boutiques can be made, contracts wit
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
More Related Content
Similar to Book Review on "Women and Poverty Alleviation in Bangladesh"
“Emergence and Activities of Self-Help Group (SHG)-A Great Effort and Impleme...iosrjce
The budding social consciousness from corner to corner of the globe has brought a number of issues
to the fore among which gender impartiality and empowerment of women are very noteworthy. Discrimination
against women in the form of male-female segregation reflects the core of the gender-biased structure. The
education is the biggest therapeutic power and the rise in the levels of education which nourishes progressive
stance and the beginning of industrialization and modernization have effected a sea change in the attitudes and
thinking prototype of the citizens. The empowerment is not fundamentally political single-handedly in fact;
political empowerment will not be successful in the deficiency of economic, socio-cultural and environmental
empowerment. Women empowerment is a progression in which women confront the presented norms and
culture, to efficiently encourage their well being. The involvement of women in Self Help Groups (SHGs) made a
momentous impact on their empowerment both in social and economical aspects. This study addresses women
empowerment as well as rural development through self help groups of Khejuri CD Blocks in Purba Medinipur
district of West Bengal. The information requisite for the study has been collected from both the primary and
secondary sources. A multistage random sampling method has been followed. Average and percentage analysis
was accepted out to draw significant interpretation of the results. Factor analysis was used to measure the
relationship between the observed variables. The outcome of the study revealed that the SHGs have had greater
impact on both economic and social aspects of the beneficiaries.
Role of Self Help Groups in Rural Development-A Studyijtsrd
Rural development is a very dynamic process which includes in improving the socio-economic, political, environmental, and well-being of the poor people living in rural areas. In India more than 70 percent people living in rural areas, the concept of rural development assume great significance. The Molakalmuru taluk is one of the most backward taluk in Chitradurga district these areas have been facing so many problems like unemployment, poverty, lack of skills, illiteracy, and basic infrastructure health care common trend here. The present study is focused on the Socio-Economic status of Self-Help Group on rural development, and to study impact of Self-Help Group on rural development in Molakalmuru taluk. The present paper it is based on primary and secondary sources of information. Nagesha B | Ajeya G"Role of Self Help Groups in Rural Development-A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14329.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/development-economics/14329/role-of-self-help-groups-in-rural-development-a-study/nagesha-b
The following objectives are covered by our study:
To study profile of Ghashful.
To examine the loan procurement, repayment, supervision process etc.
To find out why Micro Finance as a very successful program for rural and urban poor to their poverty alleviation.
To see actual condition of loanees before and after borrowing of money from Ghashful.
To find out the contribution of Ghashful towards alleviating poverty.
To identify the irregularities and put recommendation to overcome the problems.
Sub-urbanization and new sub urban poverty In BangladeshSajedul Islam khan
The paper examines the features of suburban poor and present conditions of suburban poor people with reference to Savar areas. Data have been collected from twenty urban poor living near Savar Puroshova by using a semi structured interview questions for case study. The paper reveals that the poor men face more extreme poverty and vulnerability than women in terms of their economic, cultural and social conditions. The thesis also found that suburban poverty in the Savar areas was mostly affected by masculinization of poverty instead of the feminization of poverty. It makes a contribution to understanding and analysis of the phenomenon of rapid urbanization in the Third World like Bangladesh and its social consequences as the formation of frequent suburban mess hall like slums and new forms of urban poverty.
Finally, the suburban poor are largely dependent on their household, income, employment, medical facilities, and social networking. The paper also indicates that significant portions of the suburban dwellers are lived mostly in informal house and are living below the poverty lines.
Micro-finance: Critical Views on Poverty Alleviation and Changing Gender Rela...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Role of micro credit in poverty alleviationguest8b8cd892
Executive Summary
The study tries to look at the impact of micro credit on the lives of the poor people. There are different views on micro credit as a powerful development tool regarding its success in developing the lives of the poor and some times these views are contradictory. However poverty is a global issue; it is a problem that even the wealthiest nation is facing. In this scenario country like Pakistan is facing a great challenge to alleviate or reduce poverty because poverty is becoming cause of many problems like suicides, illiteracy, unemployment, diseases like depression, stress etc. In order to control these diseases first we have to control poverty. At government level and also at international level many strategies are made every day to control poverty. But now Dr. Younis gave a formula of micro credit that successfully worked in Bangladesh and is now replicated all over the world and also in Pakistan so; the purpose of the study was to observe that what role micro credit plays in Pakistan in poverty alleviation.
The study was conducted in four urban slum areas of Rawal pindi and Islamabad that are Muslim Colony, Dhok Kala Khan, Tehmaspabad and Shakrial. Those people are targeted who have taken micro credit so that the comparison of living standard before and after use of micro credit can be made and hence it can be seen that, if there is any improvement in their living standard after using micro credit or not. The study was based on questionnaires which were distributed after translating it into Urdu so that respondents can easily understand it and fill it accordingly. Sample for this survey was 200 with 50 respondents per area. The dependent variable taken in this study is poverty reduction where as independent variable is micro credit and moderating variable is political environment.
Some of the factors that show poverty reduction are Training and education, clean water and hygienic environment, nutrition and adequate food, accommodation, income and savings.
Overall we can say that training and education, clean water and hygienic environment, nutrition and adequate food, accommodation, income and savings are important factors of poverty reduction. Because when a person has training and education he can improve his living standard, if a person has clean drinking water and adequate food he will be healthy and can earn in a better way for his family, if his accommodation is better and enough for family members and strong enough for natural disasters he can live in a better way. And obviously if his earning is good and enough for family he can also provide recreational activities to his children and can also afford uncertain expenses such as sudden guest etc and can also do savings for future, then all these things points towards a good life, a life with a good living standard and a life above poverty line. So; all above mentioned factors plays an important role in poverty reduction.
From data analysis it is concluded that the micro credit program is effective in giving un employed people employment such as taxi driver, shop keeper etc and to meet short term needs such as return debt taken from some one else, paying fee, operation, treatment of disease etc. Mostly borrowers of Muslim colony, Dhok Kala Khan, Shakrial and Tehmaspabad have used micro credit to purchase taxi, sewing machine and opening small shop and improving accommodation.
But micro credit system is not the perfect one; it is not a replacement for jobs that are not there and skills that do not exist. Important thing is to make them financially stable, to bring them out of the poverty line and to make them able to sustain their position and improve living condition instead of returning back to the poverty line. It can be done in this way that micro credit institutions can make contract with driving centers that can giving training to those people who don’t know driving on half rate, contracts with boutiques can be made, contracts wit
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. 72nd BCS (Health) Cadre Special Foundation Training
Course
(Oral Presentation Activity)
Presenter
Dr. Al-Amin Hossain Rakib
Roll No: 03
72nd SFTC
Shadow Chairperson
Mohammad Munsur Rahman, PhD
Director (Deputation)
Deputy Project Director
CVDP Project
4. ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Dr. K. M. Rezaul Karim: He is faculty of Sociology Department in Government
B.L. College, Khulna, Bangladesh. He has received his Honours (1993) and
Master degree (1994) in Sociology from University of Rajshahi. He did his PhD in
2003 from University of Rajshahi.
Md. Mafizur Rahman: He completed his Honours degree from the Department
of Public Administration at the University of Dhaka. He worked as principal
researcher in a research project in VAB, an American based NGO in bangladesh.
He involved in producing academic and creative writings.
S.M. Ashiqul Murshed: He is a Lawer. He has completed BSS (Honours) in
2002 and MSS in Public Administration from the University of Dhaka in 2003. He
has also completed LLB (Honours) from the University of London in 2008.
4
5. CHAPTER-1
PERFORMANCE OF SOME SELECTED GO'S AND NGO'S IN
POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN BANGLADESH
5
Give an idea about the relationship between Government and NGO's
Trace out the performance of BRDB, PKSF, PROSHIKA and ASA.
BRDB: Bangladesh Rural Development Board formed in 1982 and its
programmes are organized through Two-tier cooperative societies for which
credit is the key input. This model was derived from the integrated rural
development approach, known as Comilla Model.
PKSF (Palli-karma-Sahayak Foundation): The aim is to create self-
employment, income generation and self-sustaining activities for the landless
rural poor in collaboration with the NGOs
6. ASA (Association for Social Advancement): The main policy of ASA is to
empower the poor people through participatory and suitable development
approach.
v The research reveals that the target group for the selected GO's and
NGO's are poor landless men and women and majority of them (90%)
are women.
v It is found that the selected GO's and NGO's have made
positive impact on savings and capital formation.
Chapter-1 Continue..... 6
7. CHAPTER-2
SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL STATUS OF WOMEN IN BANGLADESH: A REVIEW
7
• Women constitute 49% of total population.
• State law, politics and social system reflect patriarchal attitude.
• The deprivation faced by women in the areas of education, nutrition, health
and economic situation is reflected in the country level statistics.
• Infectious disease morbidity is higher among women and the calorie intake is
lower.
• The rate of severe malnutrition is nearly three times higher among the female
children than male children.
• Equal wage for equal work still a dream.
• Unrecognized house working job.
• Negligible amount of women politician.
8. CHAPTER- 3
REGIONAL AND SEASONAL HUNGER: BANGLADESH
SCENARIO
Discussion cont.....
8
Hunger is not just the need to eat. Hunger can be defined as the continuing
deprivation in a person of the food needed to support a healthy life.
Amartya Sen stated in his famous book namely "Development as
Freedom" that "We live in a world with widespread and under
nourishment and frequent famine."
Hunger and starvation is not a totally eliminated concept in Bangladesh.
Rather we see an extreme poverty, hunger, starvation and one kind of
famine in particular area for a specific time being, called "MONGA"
9. Hunger among the Slum Dwellers: There are so
many slums in the capital city. Most of the slum-
dwellers are highly suffered by poverty, chronic
hunger and malnutrition.
Though Bangladesh has arrived in a position where
the extreme hunger condition is not existing all over
the country for a long term basis, rather a regional
time marked, seasonal hunger is apparent every
year which could be eliminated by the time if
government and non-government initiators took the
measures seriously.
Chapter-3 cont....... 9
10. CHAPTER-4
RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF BANGLADESH: PAST AND PRESENT
10
Rural development is a planned change towards the improvement of an
economic and social lifestyle of the rural poor through increased
production, equitable distribution of resources and empowerment.
Since 1950s, intensive rural development efforts. Through some
development projects, such as V-AID programme, Basic Democracy,
Comilla approach, Rural work programme has been made in
Bangladesh.
After 1972 the government activated the Integrated Rural
Development Programme to replicate and expand the Comilla Model
in other parts of the country.
11. Chapter-4 cont..... 11
Government Endeavors:
Integrated Rural Development Programmes (IRDP): the first IRD project
taken up in Bangladesh was in 1971. It was not multi-sectoral and
designed to promote food-grains production.
Swanirvar Andolon ( Self- Reliance Movement)
Ulashi-Jadunathpur Project
The Comprehensive Village Development Programme (CVDP):
The main features of "The Comprehensive Village Development
Programme are-
One Village, One Co-operative
Self Effort and Self Help.
12. CHAPTER-5
THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON POOR WOMEN OF
RURAL BANGLADESH: SOME CASE STUDY ON SOCIAL EXCLUSION
12
Broad objective: To examine the conditions of the poor women, whether
they are socially excluded or experience any deprivation.
Specific Objectives:
To know about the process of exclusion of women.
To get in depth information about the forms of exclusion of minority women.
To find the relationship among gender and exclusion
To know the respondent's own view about the exclusion
To examine the negative impact of exclusion in women's social status and
gender inequality.
13. 13
TYPES OF EXCLUSION
• Economic exclusion
• Political exclusion
• Social exclusion
• Social closure as exclusion
• Dual closure as exclusion
14. VICIOUS CYCLE OF GENDER
EXCLUSION
Gender
Difference
Lack of
education
Low Income
Crime against
Women
Disintegration
Restricted
Mobility
Exclusion
15. Discussion cont..... 15
Findings suggest that there are shortcomings in the
existing social norms, values and poor implementation
of law, which both contribute to women's vulnerability
condition and deprived status of their rights, which
has a great impact on not only women but also the
household and ultimately on the whole society.
Recommendation:
State has the main responsibility here and it is hoped
that the government will take concrete steps to change
laws and regulations and people's attitude towards
women.
