Fracture healing involves restoring mechanical stability and load capacity of broken bones, with healing influenced by factors such as the nature of the fracture and its completeness. The healing process includes an early inflammatory stage, a repair stage characterized by various formations, and a late remodeling stage. In India, access to fracture healing therapies is limited, with significant road traffic injury-related mortality and high rates of fresh fracture cases treated in hospitals.

1. BONE
HEALING

2. Introductio
n
Definition
:-
Fracture healing is defined as, “ The
restoration of mechanical stability,
continuity and normal load carrying
capacity of a broken bone”.
Healing of fracture by callus formation
depends upon some clinical consideration
whether the fracture is :-
• Traumatic (in previously normal bone) or pathological (in
previously diseased bone)
• Complete or incomplete like green stick fracture
• Simple (closed), comminuted (splintering of bone), or
compound (communicating to skin surface.

3. PHASES OF BONE HEALING
The early
inflammatory
stage
The repair
stage
The late
remodelling
stage

4. The early inflammatory
stage
Steps involved are as
follows :-
1.Hematoma
2.Local inflammatory
response
3.Ingrowth of
granulation tissue

5. The repair
stage
1. Fibrocatilage
formation
2. Callus formation
3. Ossification

6. Remodellin
g

8. Statistical data
• The availability of fracture healing therapies
to the general public is limited in India. The
infrastructure of the health system in India,
involving both public and private sectors, does
not provide adequate opportunity for rural and
low-income inhabitants to access needed care
• The national average of deaths due to road
traffic injuries is about 800/lac of
population.
• On an average day, any big hospital treats 75
fresh fractures cases, out of which at least 5–
8 require operative intervention. Almost 500–
700 cases of nonunions and infected nonunions
are treated per year.

9. Summary