This document discusses bombing events and blast injuries from a public health perspective. It provides definitions of terrorism and bombings, reviews recent global historical events involving bombings such as in Madrid and the Middle East, and analyzes US bombing data from 1983-2002. Over 36,000 bombing incidents occurred in the US during this period, causing over 5,900 injuries and 699 deaths. The document examines characteristics of bombing incidents including targets, materials used, and motives. It stresses that pre-hospital care of bombing victims differs from typical mass casualty response due to the multidimensional and potentially unsafe nature of bombing scenes.
This is a lecture by Dr. Jim Holliman from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
This power point goes a little more in depth then the paper. As well as covers more area.
The paper is what I did for you your class.
this power point is one I did for Physiology 101.
Crisis management involves planning, managing, and evaluating responses to crises. Effective crisis management requires:
1) Advance planning through structures, plans for various crisis scenarios, and training exercises.
2) Clear leadership and coordination during a crisis using integrated command systems.
3) Post-crisis evaluation to improve future preparedness and response based on lessons learned.
This document provides information on bombings and blast injuries. It was created by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to discuss the global context of bombings, describe the four categories of blast injuries, and discuss management and care of blast casualties. It notes that explosions are the most common cause of terrorism casualties. It also outlines the injury patterns associated with primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary blast exposures and emphasizes that blast casualties often experience multiple and complex combined injuries. The document stresses the importance of triage and managing life-threatening injuries from hemorrhage in the immediate aftermath of bombings.
This document discusses the threat of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) terrorism based on an empirical analysis of incident data. While the threat is real, it is often exaggerated by hype from the media and governments. The data shows that very few incidents have actually involved CBRN agents and caused mass casualties. However, terrorist capabilities are increasing over time as the costs of new technologies decrease. While the likelihood of a CBRN attack remains low currently, it could increase in the future if terrorists are able to more easily acquire and weaponize agents. Overall, the document concludes the CBRN threat must be taken seriously but not distorted by exaggeration.
- The document analyzes data on terrorism incidents from 2002-2004 to examine whether religiously motivated extremism, particularly Islamic extremism, correlates with higher lethality rates compared to other motivations.
- Statistical regression models found Christian extremism and clan/tribal groups were significantly associated with higher fatality rates per incident, while the role of Islamic extremism was less clear.
- Overall the data did not provide strong evidence that religious motivations alone explained variations in lethality, suggesting other factors may be equally or more important.
Armed organized conflict and public health issues are interrelated according to public health expert John Middleton. He discusses how war, violence and terrorism directly and indirectly impact public health through death, injury, disease, displacement and infrastructure destruction. Middleton also outlines a public health approach to violence prevention and conflict resolution through defining the problems, identifying risk factors, developing and evaluating interventions, and implementing community-based solutions to reduce violence and promote peace.
Deliberate And Accidental Release of Toxic ChemicalsCPPlatypus
While deliberate and accidental releases of toxic chemicals differ in their intent, the substances involved and methods of dissemination can be similar. For response and mitigation efforts, the approaches are largely the same with the focus on medical services, decontamination, recovery of infrastructure and environment, and addressing vulnerabilities. A national preparedness plan should cover all potential disaster types, clearly define roles and authorities, and facilitate coordination between agencies.
This is a lecture by Dr. Jim Holliman from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
This power point goes a little more in depth then the paper. As well as covers more area.
The paper is what I did for you your class.
this power point is one I did for Physiology 101.
Crisis management involves planning, managing, and evaluating responses to crises. Effective crisis management requires:
1) Advance planning through structures, plans for various crisis scenarios, and training exercises.
2) Clear leadership and coordination during a crisis using integrated command systems.
3) Post-crisis evaluation to improve future preparedness and response based on lessons learned.
This document provides information on bombings and blast injuries. It was created by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to discuss the global context of bombings, describe the four categories of blast injuries, and discuss management and care of blast casualties. It notes that explosions are the most common cause of terrorism casualties. It also outlines the injury patterns associated with primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary blast exposures and emphasizes that blast casualties often experience multiple and complex combined injuries. The document stresses the importance of triage and managing life-threatening injuries from hemorrhage in the immediate aftermath of bombings.
This document discusses the threat of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) terrorism based on an empirical analysis of incident data. While the threat is real, it is often exaggerated by hype from the media and governments. The data shows that very few incidents have actually involved CBRN agents and caused mass casualties. However, terrorist capabilities are increasing over time as the costs of new technologies decrease. While the likelihood of a CBRN attack remains low currently, it could increase in the future if terrorists are able to more easily acquire and weaponize agents. Overall, the document concludes the CBRN threat must be taken seriously but not distorted by exaggeration.
- The document analyzes data on terrorism incidents from 2002-2004 to examine whether religiously motivated extremism, particularly Islamic extremism, correlates with higher lethality rates compared to other motivations.
- Statistical regression models found Christian extremism and clan/tribal groups were significantly associated with higher fatality rates per incident, while the role of Islamic extremism was less clear.
- Overall the data did not provide strong evidence that religious motivations alone explained variations in lethality, suggesting other factors may be equally or more important.
Armed organized conflict and public health issues are interrelated according to public health expert John Middleton. He discusses how war, violence and terrorism directly and indirectly impact public health through death, injury, disease, displacement and infrastructure destruction. Middleton also outlines a public health approach to violence prevention and conflict resolution through defining the problems, identifying risk factors, developing and evaluating interventions, and implementing community-based solutions to reduce violence and promote peace.
Deliberate And Accidental Release of Toxic ChemicalsCPPlatypus
While deliberate and accidental releases of toxic chemicals differ in their intent, the substances involved and methods of dissemination can be similar. For response and mitigation efforts, the approaches are largely the same with the focus on medical services, decontamination, recovery of infrastructure and environment, and addressing vulnerabilities. A national preparedness plan should cover all potential disaster types, clearly define roles and authorities, and facilitate coordination between agencies.
This document presents research on the trauma experienced by the Iraqi people over four decades and its impact on their mental health and well-being. A team of researchers from universities in Iraq and the US studied over 4,000 Iraqis both inside and outside of Iraq. They found that Iraqis in Iraq had higher rates of mental illness, substance abuse, and poorer self-rated health compared to Iraqis living in the US. The researchers hypothesized that exposure to war and political instability in Iraq contributed to these health issues. They recommend the Iraqi government establish a new Institute of Health and Productivity to fund community health research and education programs aimed at improving public health.
The document discusses terrorism from several perspectives:
1) It provides definitions of terrorism focusing on the unlawful use of force against people or property to intimidate or coerce for political or social goals.
2) It examines different types of terrorist groups including domestic, national, and international and some of their motivations like ethnic cleansing or undermining government confidence.
3) It analyzes government responses to terrorism and how emergency services must be prepared to think creatively to respond to different terrorist weapons and incidents involving explosives, arson, nuclear, biological or chemical agents.
This document discusses suicide and fire deaths in Greater Manchester from 2007-2012. It found that non-preventable fire deaths, including those from suicide, increased 133% during this period. Suicide accounted for 37% of non-preventable fire deaths, with many involving self-immolation among middle-aged individuals. In response, Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service aims to study self-immolation prevalence and circumstances to identify partnership opportunities for prevention. A mixed methods research approach is proposed to gather data, review literature, conduct case studies and make recommendations.
In 2005, the USAID Global Health Bureau sponsored a Summer Seminar series on Knowledge Management. For Better Practices in Global Health. The Public Health Consequences of Disasters was presented by Eric Noji, M.D., M.P.H. Dr. Noji is a Senior Policy Advisor (Emergency Preparedness and Response) at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Washington, D.C. He is an expert in disaster epidemiology and the author of the book, The Public Health Consequences of Disasters (Oxford University Press). The presentation summarized the development of disaster management and humanitarian assistance, focusing on epidemiological methods, accident prevention, and disaster mitigation. Dr. Noji provided case studies on natural disasters and technological accidents, and emerging public health challenges to show the evolution of disaster epidemiology. The complete series on disasters can be accessed at the following link: http://transition.usaid.gov/km/seminars/2005/0726.html
The document discusses the challenges that first responders, volunteers, and hospital staff may face during a CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear) incident. It summarizes that they will have to deal with possible contamination, the physical and mental states of victims, and uncertainty about the nature and effects of the contaminant. Responders also often lack proper protective equipment and sufficient training. The document examines case studies and operational problems during a CBRN event, such as triage, decontamination protocols, and health concerns that may persist after the initial incident.
This document compares violence committed by those who are "pro-choice" and "pro-life" on the abortion issue. It summarizes statistics from the National Abortion Federation that claim over 170,000 incidents of "violence and disruption" by pro-lifers from 1977 to 2009. However, the document argues that the vast majority of these incidents were peaceful picketing or flyers/letters, while actual violence like arsons, bombings and murders were very rare. In contrast, it documents over 1,000 killings from abortion and over 5,500 crimes resulting in injury committed by "pro-choicers," making the pro-life movement the most peaceful of all social movements.
Terrorism is defined as the unlawful use of violence against people or property to intimidate or coerce a government for political or social goals. It is a tactic that has been used throughout history to make a point through instilling fear psychologically. There are different types of terrorist groups and motives, and terrorism can involve the use of explosives, firearms, or biological, chemical, and nuclear materials to carry out attacks. While terrorism poses risks, preventing it involves reducing root causes like cultural misunderstandings, promoting human rights, and establishing surveillance and protective systems.
Terrorism is defined as the unlawful use of violence against people or property to intimidate or coerce a government for political or social goals. It is a tactic that has been used throughout history to make a point through instilling fear psychologically. There are different types of terrorist groups and motives, and terrorism can involve the use of explosives, firearms, or biological, chemical, and nuclear materials to carry out attacks. While terrorism poses risks, preventing it involves reducing root causes like cultural misunderstandings, promoting human rights, and establishing surveillance and protective systems.
Emergency Public Health & Disaster Medicinebobbykapur
1. Emergency public health is a new field that takes a public health approach to large-scale emergencies and crises. It encompasses more than just disaster medicine by including epidemiology, rapid needs assessments, surveillance, and monitoring.
2. Emergency public health emergencies can be natural, industrial, infectious disease outbreaks, or acts of terrorism. They impact physical and mental health, security, housing, food and water. Recovery may take a long period of time.
3. Emergency public health involves multiple sectors including government, private organizations, NGOs, and citizens. Achieving public health security depends on increasing a population's resilience through surveillance, assessments, coordination, and communication.
The Public Health Approach to Firearm Violence "What is it, Why Do We Need It...ippnw
This document discusses the public health approach to addressing firearm violence. It outlines that the public health approach involves defining the problem, identifying risk and protective factors, developing and testing prevention strategies, implementing strategies, and monitoring their effectiveness. The public health model looks at victims, agents (firearm types), and environmental (cultural and risk) factors. The document advocates for a multi-layered global strategy that includes availability of data, reducing access and culture of violence, and international coordination.
This document discusses trauma, including its impacts, definitions, trends, costs and prevention. Some key points:
- Trauma is a major global health challenge that exceeds infectious diseases in both acute and long-term burden. It is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide.
- Trauma has far-reaching health, economic and social ramifications through both short-term impacts like mortality and long-term impacts like disability and reduced quality of life. It places a high burden on healthcare systems.
- Trauma rates are highest among males, the elderly, indigenous groups and those in remote/rural areas. Rates of both fatal and non-fatal trauma are expected to increase due to population
This document provides an overview of disaster management. It defines disasters and emergencies, and classifies disasters into natural and man-made types. The key aspects of disaster management are described as response, preparedness, and mitigation. Response measures include search and rescue, evacuation, and relief efforts. Preparedness involves long-term planning to strengthen capacity to manage disasters. Mitigation aims to lessen disaster impacts through measures like improved infrastructure and land use planning. Effective disaster management requires coordination across communication, health, security and other sectors at the local, national, and international levels.
The highest risk areas for workplace violence are the emergency department, psychiatric wards, and waiting rooms. 70% of incidents go unreported, and women are over 8 times more likely to be victims. Hospitals should implement security measures like metal detectors, restrict access, and train staff in de-escalation techniques to help prevent and manage violent situations. An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.
Disaster managemt and its classification (1).pptxMona22maurya
Disasters caused by human factors are called man-made disasters. They can be intentional like acts of terrorism or unintentional like industrial and technological accidents. Some major man-made disasters include the Bhopal gas tragedy, Chernobyl nuclear disaster, and wars which have caused widespread damage and loss of life. Preventing such disasters requires stricter regulations on hazardous facilities, proper siting of chemical plants away from cities, and measures to reduce human errors.
This document discusses the role of epidemiology in disasters. It defines disasters and lists different types, including natural disasters and terrorism. It notes that from 1994-2004 there were over a million natural disasters worldwide. Factors like population growth, poverty, and environmental degradation increase disaster severity. The document emphasizes that epidemiology is important for assessing needs, injuries, and diseases after disasters, as well as evaluating response efforts. It outlines challenges for epidemiologists in disaster settings like infrastructure losses and time pressures. Overall, the document promotes standardized disaster health information and evidence-based responses.
The document discusses increasing global risks from extreme events such as weather events, terrorism, and interconnected systems. It argues that extreme events are becoming more extreme due to factors like population growth and interconnectedness. Examples are given of events with both knowable and unknowable consequences. Dynamic ripple effects can spread risks in unexpected ways, as demonstrated by examples from hurricanes, earthquakes, terrorism, and financial crises. The document advocates for risk research across disciplines to better understand and address emerging global threats.
This webinar aimed to highlight knowledge gaps and areas for human rights and health practitioners to address regarding gun violence survivors. An estimated 525,000 people die annually from armed violence, while millions survive but face disabilities, impaired mental health, and difficulties accessing rehabilitation and trauma care. Survivors experience gender-specific impacts and barriers. Research and policies should include survivors and consider the development impacts of injury and disability on livelihoods. The Surviving Gun Violence Project aims to network communities and produce a policy report to stimulate further engagement on these issues.
Blast lung injury (BLI) is caused by the blast wave from high explosive detonations damaging the lungs. BLI can cause respiratory difficulty and hypoxia without obvious chest injuries. It is diagnosed clinically and may show a characteristic "butterfly" pattern on chest x-rays. Management of BLI involves supplemental oxygen, treatment of hemopneumothorax if present, and careful fluid management to avoid volume overload similar to pulmonary contusion. Outcomes of BLI can vary but many patients have normal exams and lung function after one year.
This chapter discusses the history of occupational safety and health for emergency services. It outlines key objectives which are to discuss the history of industry and emergency services safety programs, identify current safety issues through historical data, and describe efforts to address these issues. It then provides details on the safety risks and hazards faced by firefighters and EMS responders. Historical data on injuries and fatalities from organizations like NFPA and NIOSH is examined. The 16 Firefighter Life Safety Initiatives created in 2004 to prevent line-of-duty deaths are outlined. In conclusion, it notes that while injury and fatality rates have remained constant, continued prioritization of safety and evaluation of new programs is still needed.
Simple Steps to Make Her Choose You Every DayLucas Smith
Simple Steps to Make Her Choose You Every Day" and unlock the secrets to building a strong, lasting relationship. This comprehensive guide takes you on a journey to self-improvement, enhancing your communication and emotional skills, ensuring that your partner chooses you without hesitation. Forget about complications and start applying easy, straightforward steps that make her see you as the ideal person she can't live without. Gain the key to her heart and enjoy a relationship filled with love and mutual respect. This isn't just a book; it's an investment in your happiness and the happiness of your partner
Test bank calculating drug dosages a patient safe approach to nursing and mat...rightmanforbloodline
Test bank calculating drug dosages a patient safe approach to nursing and math 2nd edition by castillo werner mccullough
Test bank calculating drug dosages a patient safe approach to nursing and math 2nd edition by castillo werner mccullough
Test bank calculating drug dosages a patient safe approach to nursing and math 2nd edition by castillo werner mccullough
This document presents research on the trauma experienced by the Iraqi people over four decades and its impact on their mental health and well-being. A team of researchers from universities in Iraq and the US studied over 4,000 Iraqis both inside and outside of Iraq. They found that Iraqis in Iraq had higher rates of mental illness, substance abuse, and poorer self-rated health compared to Iraqis living in the US. The researchers hypothesized that exposure to war and political instability in Iraq contributed to these health issues. They recommend the Iraqi government establish a new Institute of Health and Productivity to fund community health research and education programs aimed at improving public health.
The document discusses terrorism from several perspectives:
1) It provides definitions of terrorism focusing on the unlawful use of force against people or property to intimidate or coerce for political or social goals.
2) It examines different types of terrorist groups including domestic, national, and international and some of their motivations like ethnic cleansing or undermining government confidence.
3) It analyzes government responses to terrorism and how emergency services must be prepared to think creatively to respond to different terrorist weapons and incidents involving explosives, arson, nuclear, biological or chemical agents.
This document discusses suicide and fire deaths in Greater Manchester from 2007-2012. It found that non-preventable fire deaths, including those from suicide, increased 133% during this period. Suicide accounted for 37% of non-preventable fire deaths, with many involving self-immolation among middle-aged individuals. In response, Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service aims to study self-immolation prevalence and circumstances to identify partnership opportunities for prevention. A mixed methods research approach is proposed to gather data, review literature, conduct case studies and make recommendations.
In 2005, the USAID Global Health Bureau sponsored a Summer Seminar series on Knowledge Management. For Better Practices in Global Health. The Public Health Consequences of Disasters was presented by Eric Noji, M.D., M.P.H. Dr. Noji is a Senior Policy Advisor (Emergency Preparedness and Response) at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Washington, D.C. He is an expert in disaster epidemiology and the author of the book, The Public Health Consequences of Disasters (Oxford University Press). The presentation summarized the development of disaster management and humanitarian assistance, focusing on epidemiological methods, accident prevention, and disaster mitigation. Dr. Noji provided case studies on natural disasters and technological accidents, and emerging public health challenges to show the evolution of disaster epidemiology. The complete series on disasters can be accessed at the following link: http://transition.usaid.gov/km/seminars/2005/0726.html
The document discusses the challenges that first responders, volunteers, and hospital staff may face during a CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear) incident. It summarizes that they will have to deal with possible contamination, the physical and mental states of victims, and uncertainty about the nature and effects of the contaminant. Responders also often lack proper protective equipment and sufficient training. The document examines case studies and operational problems during a CBRN event, such as triage, decontamination protocols, and health concerns that may persist after the initial incident.
This document compares violence committed by those who are "pro-choice" and "pro-life" on the abortion issue. It summarizes statistics from the National Abortion Federation that claim over 170,000 incidents of "violence and disruption" by pro-lifers from 1977 to 2009. However, the document argues that the vast majority of these incidents were peaceful picketing or flyers/letters, while actual violence like arsons, bombings and murders were very rare. In contrast, it documents over 1,000 killings from abortion and over 5,500 crimes resulting in injury committed by "pro-choicers," making the pro-life movement the most peaceful of all social movements.
Terrorism is defined as the unlawful use of violence against people or property to intimidate or coerce a government for political or social goals. It is a tactic that has been used throughout history to make a point through instilling fear psychologically. There are different types of terrorist groups and motives, and terrorism can involve the use of explosives, firearms, or biological, chemical, and nuclear materials to carry out attacks. While terrorism poses risks, preventing it involves reducing root causes like cultural misunderstandings, promoting human rights, and establishing surveillance and protective systems.
Terrorism is defined as the unlawful use of violence against people or property to intimidate or coerce a government for political or social goals. It is a tactic that has been used throughout history to make a point through instilling fear psychologically. There are different types of terrorist groups and motives, and terrorism can involve the use of explosives, firearms, or biological, chemical, and nuclear materials to carry out attacks. While terrorism poses risks, preventing it involves reducing root causes like cultural misunderstandings, promoting human rights, and establishing surveillance and protective systems.
Emergency Public Health & Disaster Medicinebobbykapur
1. Emergency public health is a new field that takes a public health approach to large-scale emergencies and crises. It encompasses more than just disaster medicine by including epidemiology, rapid needs assessments, surveillance, and monitoring.
2. Emergency public health emergencies can be natural, industrial, infectious disease outbreaks, or acts of terrorism. They impact physical and mental health, security, housing, food and water. Recovery may take a long period of time.
3. Emergency public health involves multiple sectors including government, private organizations, NGOs, and citizens. Achieving public health security depends on increasing a population's resilience through surveillance, assessments, coordination, and communication.
The Public Health Approach to Firearm Violence "What is it, Why Do We Need It...ippnw
This document discusses the public health approach to addressing firearm violence. It outlines that the public health approach involves defining the problem, identifying risk and protective factors, developing and testing prevention strategies, implementing strategies, and monitoring their effectiveness. The public health model looks at victims, agents (firearm types), and environmental (cultural and risk) factors. The document advocates for a multi-layered global strategy that includes availability of data, reducing access and culture of violence, and international coordination.
This document discusses trauma, including its impacts, definitions, trends, costs and prevention. Some key points:
- Trauma is a major global health challenge that exceeds infectious diseases in both acute and long-term burden. It is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide.
- Trauma has far-reaching health, economic and social ramifications through both short-term impacts like mortality and long-term impacts like disability and reduced quality of life. It places a high burden on healthcare systems.
- Trauma rates are highest among males, the elderly, indigenous groups and those in remote/rural areas. Rates of both fatal and non-fatal trauma are expected to increase due to population
This document provides an overview of disaster management. It defines disasters and emergencies, and classifies disasters into natural and man-made types. The key aspects of disaster management are described as response, preparedness, and mitigation. Response measures include search and rescue, evacuation, and relief efforts. Preparedness involves long-term planning to strengthen capacity to manage disasters. Mitigation aims to lessen disaster impacts through measures like improved infrastructure and land use planning. Effective disaster management requires coordination across communication, health, security and other sectors at the local, national, and international levels.
The highest risk areas for workplace violence are the emergency department, psychiatric wards, and waiting rooms. 70% of incidents go unreported, and women are over 8 times more likely to be victims. Hospitals should implement security measures like metal detectors, restrict access, and train staff in de-escalation techniques to help prevent and manage violent situations. An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.
Disaster managemt and its classification (1).pptxMona22maurya
Disasters caused by human factors are called man-made disasters. They can be intentional like acts of terrorism or unintentional like industrial and technological accidents. Some major man-made disasters include the Bhopal gas tragedy, Chernobyl nuclear disaster, and wars which have caused widespread damage and loss of life. Preventing such disasters requires stricter regulations on hazardous facilities, proper siting of chemical plants away from cities, and measures to reduce human errors.
This document discusses the role of epidemiology in disasters. It defines disasters and lists different types, including natural disasters and terrorism. It notes that from 1994-2004 there were over a million natural disasters worldwide. Factors like population growth, poverty, and environmental degradation increase disaster severity. The document emphasizes that epidemiology is important for assessing needs, injuries, and diseases after disasters, as well as evaluating response efforts. It outlines challenges for epidemiologists in disaster settings like infrastructure losses and time pressures. Overall, the document promotes standardized disaster health information and evidence-based responses.
The document discusses increasing global risks from extreme events such as weather events, terrorism, and interconnected systems. It argues that extreme events are becoming more extreme due to factors like population growth and interconnectedness. Examples are given of events with both knowable and unknowable consequences. Dynamic ripple effects can spread risks in unexpected ways, as demonstrated by examples from hurricanes, earthquakes, terrorism, and financial crises. The document advocates for risk research across disciplines to better understand and address emerging global threats.
This webinar aimed to highlight knowledge gaps and areas for human rights and health practitioners to address regarding gun violence survivors. An estimated 525,000 people die annually from armed violence, while millions survive but face disabilities, impaired mental health, and difficulties accessing rehabilitation and trauma care. Survivors experience gender-specific impacts and barriers. Research and policies should include survivors and consider the development impacts of injury and disability on livelihoods. The Surviving Gun Violence Project aims to network communities and produce a policy report to stimulate further engagement on these issues.
Blast lung injury (BLI) is caused by the blast wave from high explosive detonations damaging the lungs. BLI can cause respiratory difficulty and hypoxia without obvious chest injuries. It is diagnosed clinically and may show a characteristic "butterfly" pattern on chest x-rays. Management of BLI involves supplemental oxygen, treatment of hemopneumothorax if present, and careful fluid management to avoid volume overload similar to pulmonary contusion. Outcomes of BLI can vary but many patients have normal exams and lung function after one year.
This chapter discusses the history of occupational safety and health for emergency services. It outlines key objectives which are to discuss the history of industry and emergency services safety programs, identify current safety issues through historical data, and describe efforts to address these issues. It then provides details on the safety risks and hazards faced by firefighters and EMS responders. Historical data on injuries and fatalities from organizations like NFPA and NIOSH is examined. The 16 Firefighter Life Safety Initiatives created in 2004 to prevent line-of-duty deaths are outlined. In conclusion, it notes that while injury and fatality rates have remained constant, continued prioritization of safety and evaluation of new programs is still needed.
Simple Steps to Make Her Choose You Every DayLucas Smith
Simple Steps to Make Her Choose You Every Day" and unlock the secrets to building a strong, lasting relationship. This comprehensive guide takes you on a journey to self-improvement, enhancing your communication and emotional skills, ensuring that your partner chooses you without hesitation. Forget about complications and start applying easy, straightforward steps that make her see you as the ideal person she can't live without. Gain the key to her heart and enjoy a relationship filled with love and mutual respect. This isn't just a book; it's an investment in your happiness and the happiness of your partner
Test bank calculating drug dosages a patient safe approach to nursing and mat...rightmanforbloodline
Test bank calculating drug dosages a patient safe approach to nursing and math 2nd edition by castillo werner mccullough
Test bank calculating drug dosages a patient safe approach to nursing and math 2nd edition by castillo werner mccullough
Test bank calculating drug dosages a patient safe approach to nursing and math 2nd edition by castillo werner mccullough
Emotional and Behavioural Problems in Children - Counselling and Family Thera...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Nursing management of the patient with Tonsillitis PPTblessyjannu21
Prepared by Prof. Blessy Thomas MSc Nursing, FNCON, SPN. The tonsils are two small glands that sit on either side of the throat.
In young children, they help to fight germs and act as a barrier against infection.
Tonsils act as filters, trapping germs that could otherwise enter the airways and cause infection.
They also make antibodies to fight infection.
But sometimes, they get overwhelmed by bacteria or viruses.
This can make them swollen and inflamed.
Tonsillitis is an infection of the tonsils, two masses of tissue at the back of the throat.
Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, two oval-shaped pads of tissue at the back of the throat — one tonsil on each side.
Tonsillitis is common, especially in children.
It can happen once in a while or come back again and again in a short period.Nursing management of Tonsillitis is important.
A comprehensive understanding of the operations for management of Tonsillitis and areas requiring special attention would be important.
Benefits:
Linga mudra generates excessive heat within the body and is very useful for dealing with colds.
It also helps in boosting the immune system and makes the body more resistant to colds and similar infections.
The benefits of penis posture also extend to the respiratory system and it can help loosen the phlegm accumulated from the throat.
This posture also helps in weight loss.
Discomfort experienced in an air conditioned room is relieved by this mudra.
Difficulty in breathing can be relieved by this mudra.
Congested nose can be relieved by this mudra immediately and one can get good sleep.
It controls the flow of the menstrual cycle. Performing the Linga mudra with the Sun Mudra gives better results – both 15 minutes each, one after the other.
When navel center is shifted from its original place, comes back to its place by this mudra.
Test bank clinical nursing skills a concept based approach 4e pearson educati...rightmanforbloodline
Test bank clinical nursing skills a concept based approach 4e pearson education
Test bank clinical nursing skills a concept based approach 4e pearson education
Test bank clinical nursing skills a concept based approach 4e pearson education
About CentiUP - Product Information Slide.pdfCentiUP
A heightened child formula, with the trio of Nano Calcium, HMO, and DHA mixed in the golden ratio, combined with NANO technology to help nourish the body deeply and comprehensively, helps children increase height, boost brain power, and improve the immune system and overall well-being.
The Ultimate Guide in Setting Up Market Research System in Health-TechGokul Rangarajan
How to effectively start market research in the health tech industry by defining objectives, crafting problem statements, selecting methods, identifying data collection sources, and setting clear timelines. This guide covers all the preliminary steps needed to lay a strong foundation for your research.
"Market Research it too text-booky, I am in the market for a decade, I am living research book" this is what the founder I met on the event claimed, few of my colleagues rolled their eyes. Its true that one cannot over look the real life experience, but one cannot out beat structured gold mine of market research.
Many 0 to 1 startup founders often overlook market research, but this critical step can make or break a venture, especially in health tech.
But Why do they skip it?
Limited resources—time, money, and manpower—are common culprits.
"In fact, a survey by CB Insights found that 42% of startups fail due to no market need, which is like building a spaceship to Mars only to realise you forgot the fuel."
Sudharsan Srinivasan
Operational Partner Pitchworks VC Studio
Overconfidence in their product’s success leads founders to assume it will naturally find its market, especially in health tech where patient needs, entire system issues and regulatory requirements are as complex as trying to perform brain surgery with a butter knife. Additionally, the pressure to launch quickly and the belief in their own intuition further contribute to this oversight. Yet, thorough market research in health tech could be the key to transforming a startup's vision into a life-saving reality, instead of a medical mishap waiting to happen.
Example of Market Research working
Innovaccer, founded by Abhinav Shashank in 2014, focuses on improving healthcare delivery through data-driven insights and interoperability solutions. Before launching their platform, Innovaccer conducted extensive market research to understand the challenges faced by healthcare organizations and the potential for innovation in healthcare IT.
Identifying Pain Points: Innovaccer surveyed healthcare providers to understand their difficulties with data integration, care coordination, and patient engagement. They found widespread frustration with siloed systems and inefficient workflows.
Competitive Analysis: Analyzed competitors offering similar solutions in healthcare analytics and interoperability. Identified gaps in comprehensive data aggregation, real-time analytics, and actionable insights.
Regulatory Compliance: Ensured their platform complied with HIPAA and other healthcare data privacy regulations. This compliance was crucial to gaining trust from healthcare providers wary of data security issues.
Customer Validation: Conducted pilot programs with several healthcare organizations to validate the platform's effectiveness in improving care outcomes and operational efficiency. Gathered feedback to refine features and user interface.
Bashundhara Toiletries Logo Guideline 2024khabri85
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Bombing events may 2014 blog
1. Bobby Kapur, M.D., M.P.H.
Associate Professor of Medicine & Pediatrics
Associate Chief for Academic Affairs
Section of Emergency Medicine
Bombing Events in the US:
Public Health Analysis and
Acute Management
6. Bombing Events & Blast Injuries
“A policy intended to strike with terror those against
whom it is adopted; the employment of methods of
intimidation; the fact of terrorising or condition of
being terrorised."
The Oxford English Dictionary
5
7. Bombing Events & Blast Injuries
U.S Federal Criminal Code
“(A) involve acts dangerous to human life that are a
violation of the criminal laws of the United States or
of any State (B) appear to be intended: to intimidate
or coerce a civilian population, or to influence the
policy of a government by intimidation or coercion,
or to affect the conduct of a government by mass
destruction, assassination, or kidnapping…”
United States Code Title 18, Part I, Chapter 113B, Section 2331
6
8. Bombing Events & Blast Injuries
Medical Definition
“The intentional use of violence - real or threatened-
against one or more non-combatants and/or those
services essential for or protective of their health,
resulting in adverse health effects in those
immediately affected and their community, ranging
from a loss of well-being or security to injury, illness,
or death.”
“A Proposed Universal Medical and Public Health Definition of Terrorism.” Prehosp Disast Med. 2003;18(2):47-
52.
7
9. Bombing Events & Blast Injuries
Medical Codes
National Center for Health Statistics at the CDC has developed
within the WHO’s International Classification of Diseases,
Tenth Revision (ICD-10) terrorism-related codes:
• *U01-*U02 for mortality due to assault (homicide) for
terrorism,
• *U03 for mortality due to intentional self harm (suicide) for
terrorism
• E979 for morbidity due to terrorism
• E999.1 for late effect of injury due to terrorism
8
12. Bombing Events & Blast Injuries 11
1. Mitsubishi Triumph mobile phone
2. Copper detonator
3. Explosives (8-12kg)
4. Metal fragments
Madrid Train Bombings: March 11, 2004
7:37 am - 7:40 am
• 10 bombs explode in 4 commuter trains in downtown Madrid
• 3 undetonated bombs found later
• Explosive material: Dynamite (used in construction)
14. Bombing Events & Blast Injuries
Gutierrez de Caballos JP,
Fuentes FT, Diaz DP, Sanchez
MS, Llorente CM, Sanz JEG.
Casualties treated at the
closest hospital in the Madrid,
March 11, terrorist bombings.
Crit Care Med
2005;33(1):S107-S112.
13
Madrid Train Bombings: March 11, 2004
15. Bombing Events & Blast Injuries
Key Pre-Hospital Care Logistical Issues
• Mobile phones and radios: do not work underground
• Minor injuries or uninjured evacuated 1st : delayed
evacuation of seriously injured
• Scene safety: possibility of structural collapse or
secondary devices
• Going “back to normal”: difficult for pre-hospital and
emergency services
14
Madrid Train Bombings: March 11, 2004
16. Bombing Events & Blast Injuries
Key Hospital Logistical Interventions
• Cancel all elective surgeries
• Transfer stable patients out of ED and ICU
• Triage of patients by senior physicians
• Use of FAST to quickly diagnose abdominal trauma
Gutierrez de Caballos JP, Fuentes FT, Diaz DP, Sanchez MS, Llorente CM, Sanz JEG. Casualties treated at the
closest hospital in the Madrid, March 11, terrorist bombings. Crit Care Med. 2005;33(1):S107-S112.
15
Madrid Train Bombings: March 11, 2004
22. Bombing Events & Blast Injuries 21
Africa: Kenya & Tanzania Embassies 1998
23. Bombing Events & Blast Injuries
International Terrorism & Bombing Events
• Change in the targets and materials used in
bombing events
• Increased sophistication and planning of events
• Greater coordination among terrorists
22
26. Bombing Events & Blast Injuries
The U.S. Experience
World Trade Center 1993 Oklahoma City 1995 Atlanta Olympics 1996
25
27. Bombing Events & Blast Injuries
The U.S. Experience
World Trade Center 9/11 Pentagon 9/11
26
28. Bombing Events & Blast Injuries
The U.S. Experience?
• Few large-scale events or Endemic problem?
• Domestic or International issue?
• Impact of bombing events on medical and public
health institutions?
• How the U.S. data on bombings can improve planning
and response for future events?
No longitudinal data on bombing events in the US
27
31. Bombing Events & Blast Injuries
ATF Designations for Bombing Events
Explosive: Chemical compound or mixture with a primary
purpose to function by explosion
Incendiary: Device made of an inflammable or ignitable liquid
Premature: Bombing event, either explosive or incendiary, that
occurs when the device functions prior to placement on a target
Attempted: Incident where the device, either explosive or
incendiary, is placed against a target and fails to function or is
made safe before detonation
30
34. Bombing Events & Blast Injuries
Number of Explosive and Incendiary
Bombing Events from 1983-2002
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001
Numberofincidents
Year
33
35. Bombing Events & Blast Injuries
Number of Attempted and Premature
Bombing Events from 1983-2002
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Numberofincidents
YearNumber Attempted
Number Premature
34
36. Bombing Events & Blast Injuries
Etiology of Bombing Event ATF Definition
Attempted homicide or Homicide Intent to kill another individual or group of individuals
Suicide Intent to kill oneself
Vandalism Intent to cause property damage
Revenge Intent to respond to a prior action of another individual or group
Protest Intent to gain publicity or support for a protest group
Labor-related Intent to impact a labor dispute
Extortion Intent to receive goods or services from another individual or
group
Excitement Intent to observe the effects of a bombing event
Domestic violence Intent to cause injury or death to a partner
Insurance fraud Intent to make insurance claims from the bombing event
Intimidation Intent to frighten another individual or group without injury or
death
35
43. Bombing Events & Blast Injuries
Terrorism and Bombing Events:
Global or Local Problem for US Population?
• 1996 to 2002: 925 international terrorist events
involving U.S citizens
• Bombing events: 776 (84%)
• 1992 to 2002: more bombing injuries & deaths in the
U.S. than terrorist injuries & deaths of U.S. citizens
internationally
42
44. Bombing Events & Blast Injuries 43
Analysis
• Access
• Internet
• Panic & Instability
• Public health focus: Bombing events vs.
“N/B/C” events?
46. Bombing Events & Blast Injuries
Pre-Hospital Care Systems and
Bombing Events
• Classic models usually do not occur: 75% of patients will not
interact with the EMS system
• Classic system of triage, triage classifications, triage tags,
flow points, and treatment areas only applies to a one-sided or
one-dimensional scene
• Ambulances transport patients to nearest facility:
–Rapid turn around time
–Instructed to take critical patients to nearest facility
–Roads may be impassable except to a few hospitals
–May not know route to outlying hospitals
–Nearest hospitals may delay closure during disasters
45
47. Bombing Events & Blast Injuries
U.S Bombings: Pre-Hospital Care Data
Event Hospital Data
Injuries (*Total)
Deaths EMS
Oklahoma City
1995
434 (592) 167 90 (20.7%)
Atlanta
Olympics 1996
111 1 111 (100.0%)
WTC 9/11 1,103 (7,250) 2,749 282 (25.5%)
Pentagon 9/11 106 189 93 (87.7%)
46
48. Bombing Events & Blast Injuries
• Initiate fundamental resuscitation protocols:
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
• Address blast injuries
• Attempt to gather basic epidemiologic data from scene
Pre-Hospital Management of Bombing Victims
47
49. Bombing Events & Blast Injuries
Primary
Blast lung injury (pulmonary barotrauma)
TM rupture and middle ear damage
Abdominal hemorrhage and perforation
Globe rupture
Concussion (TBI without physical signs of head injury)
Secondary
Penetrating ballistic (fragmentation) or blunt injuries
Eye penetration (can be occult)
Tertiary
Fracture and traumatic amputation
Closed and open brain injury
Quaternary
Burns (flash, partial, and full thickness), Crush injuries
Asthma or COPD (from dust, smoke, or toxic fumes)
Angina, Hyperglycemia, Hypertension
Blast Injuries
http://www.bt.cdc.gov/masscasualties/explosions.asp
48
50. Bombing Events & Blast Injuries 49
No Pre-Hospital Care Protocol for Bombing Injuries
58. 57Bombing Events & Blast Injuries
Gutierrez de Caballos JP,
Fuentes FT, Diaz DP, Sanchez
MS, Llorente CM, Sanz JEG.
Casualties treated at the
closest hospital in the Madrid,
March 11, terrorist bombings.
Crit Care Med
2005;33(1):S107-S112.
57
59. Bombing Events & Blast Injuries 58
Management of Bombing Injuries
Primary Survey
Secondary Survey
Blast Lung
Injury
Soft Tissue &
Bone Injuries
Eye & Ear
Injuries
Abdominal
Injuries
Head
Injuries
Burns
CXR X-rays
CK, Electrolytes
T&S
Visual Acuity
Corneal Exam
CT Face?
FAST US
CT A/P
T&S
CT Head Electrolytes
High flow O2
Chest Tube?
Abx & Tetanus
Wound Care
Ophtho? Nuerosurg? IVF
Serial Exams & Observation
OR as needed
61. 60Bombing Events & Blast Injuries
Tympanic Membrane Evaluation:
Indicator of Internal Blast Injuries
Otoscopic Exam of
Tympanic
Membrane
Rupture
Observe O2
saturation
for 6-8 hrs
Intact
Discharge
Decreased O2
Admit for further
care
Normal O2
Discharge with
warnings
Otoscopic Exam of
Tympanic
Membrane
Rupture
Admit and
anticipate
further injuries
Intact
Treat injuries
No obvious injuries present Injuries present
DePalma RG, Champion HR, Hodgson MJ. Current Concepts:
Blast injuries. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(13): 1335-1342.
Blast Injuries. N Engl J Med.2005;352:1335-42.
62. Bombing Events & Blast Injuries
Summary
• Urban areas around the world face the risk of bombing
events
• US citizens are at more risk of domestic bombing
events than international events
• Local jurisdictions (hospitals, EMS, fire, police)
should be prepared for both explosive and incendiary
blast events
• Pre-hospital and Emergency Department management
of blast injuries should be implemented in an
algorithm manner
61
Kapur@bcm.edu