This study aimed to determine the prevalence of oral soft tissue lesions in patients in Vidisha, Central India. The researchers screened 3030 subjects and found that 8.4% had oral lesions, many associated with tobacco use, trauma, or prosthetic devices. 256 patients were found to have significant mucosal lesions, of which 216 agreed to scalpel biopsies. The most common lesions were leukoplakia (88 cases), oral submucous fibrosis (21 cases), and smoker's melanosis (9 cases). The high prevalence of oral lesions and rampant tobacco use indicate a need for greater community education and prevention programs.
The document summarizes a study that assessed knowledge about robotics and minimally invasive robotic surgeries amongst otolaryngologists and head & neck onco-surgeons through a questionnaire. The study found that most surgeons viewed robotic surgery as the future of minimally invasive procedures due to advantages like improved visualization, precision, and reduced complications. However, many surgeons also noted that current robotics technology is not yet cost effective, requires specialized training, and more studies are needed to prove beneficial outcomes compared to traditional surgery.
Effectiveness of Low-Level Lasers in the Management of Recurrent Aphthous Sto...DrHeena tiwari
This study assessed the effectiveness of low-level lasers in treating recurrent aphthous stomatitis. 30 subjects with minor, major, or herpetiform aphthae were treated with lasers and their pain was evaluated using VAS scores. For all groups, pain was significantly less after 24 hours and further reduced at 72 hours compared to pre-treatment levels. At 1 week, pain scores were minimal or zero. The results demonstrated that low-level lasers provide effective pain relief and accelerated healing for recurrent aphthous stomatitis lesions.
An Epidemiological Data of Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs in Pamulapa...DrHeena tiwari
An Epidemiological Data of Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs in Pamulapadu Village of Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India: An Original Research
This document discusses using fractal dimension analysis to detect dysplasia in oral leukoplakia. It begins by providing background on fractals and fractal dimension. The study aimed to determine if fractal dimension analysis could help detect malignant transformation in oral leukoplakia. 121 patients with oral leukoplakia had digital images taken before and after staining, which were analyzed using fractal dimension analysis software. Results found fractal dimension values were higher in dysplastic leukoplakia compared to nondysplastic. Values also increased with patient age and were higher in those using surti/khaini tobacco. The study concludes fractal dimension analysis may be a useful noninvasive screening tool for early detection of
This document summarizes a study on the seroprevalence of hepatitis B antigenemia among dental students in South India. The study found:
1) A total of 352 dental students participated in the study, with 46% vaccinated against hepatitis B and 54% unvaccinated.
2) All 352 dental students tested negative for hepatitis B surface antigen.
3) While the study found no current hepatitis B infections, the significant number of unvaccinated students indicates a need for improved vaccination programs for dental students to protect against occupational risk of hepatitis B exposure.
This study evaluated the knowledge and concerns of 124 dentists in southern India regarding COVID-19 through a questionnaire. The results showed good knowledge of COVID-19 itself and oral manifestations, but less awareness of appropriate testing and disinfection procedures. While most dentists understood risk levels and emergency procedures, some lacked knowledge of ideal mouthwashes or managing contaminated air. Overall, the study found that while knowledge of COVID-19 was fairly good, greater education was still needed on testing, prevention and infection control practices.
Oral Health & Its Effect on COVID 19: Systematic Review & Meta Analysis.DrHeena tiwari
This document summarizes a systematic review and meta-analysis on the relationship between oral health and COVID-19. The review included 13 studies. Key findings included:
1) Infection control measures like telephone screening, social distancing and PPE were discussed across many studies as important for dental practices during the pandemic.
2) Pre-procedural mouthwashes and use of rubber dams and high-volume evacuation were recommended to reduce aerosol transmission during dental procedures.
3) Guidelines varied on types of masks to use, but N95 or equivalent masks were suggested for aerosol-generating procedures by many studies.
4) Psychological impacts of COVID-19 on dental workers and appropriate waste
This document discusses a study comparing the efficacy of placentrex and hydrocortisone injections as adjunct treatments for oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). 60 patients with stage II or III OSMF were divided into two groups. Group A received placentrex injections while Group B received hydrocortisone injections over 2 months. Mouth opening and burning sensation were measured before and after treatment. Results found a statistically significant greater increase in mean mouth opening for Group B compared to Group A. Burning sensation was reduced more in Group A than Group B. Overall, hydrocortisone seemed to be more effective at improving mouth opening and mucosal health, while placentrex was better at reducing burning
The document summarizes a study that assessed knowledge about robotics and minimally invasive robotic surgeries amongst otolaryngologists and head & neck onco-surgeons through a questionnaire. The study found that most surgeons viewed robotic surgery as the future of minimally invasive procedures due to advantages like improved visualization, precision, and reduced complications. However, many surgeons also noted that current robotics technology is not yet cost effective, requires specialized training, and more studies are needed to prove beneficial outcomes compared to traditional surgery.
Effectiveness of Low-Level Lasers in the Management of Recurrent Aphthous Sto...DrHeena tiwari
This study assessed the effectiveness of low-level lasers in treating recurrent aphthous stomatitis. 30 subjects with minor, major, or herpetiform aphthae were treated with lasers and their pain was evaluated using VAS scores. For all groups, pain was significantly less after 24 hours and further reduced at 72 hours compared to pre-treatment levels. At 1 week, pain scores were minimal or zero. The results demonstrated that low-level lasers provide effective pain relief and accelerated healing for recurrent aphthous stomatitis lesions.
An Epidemiological Data of Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs in Pamulapa...DrHeena tiwari
An Epidemiological Data of Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs in Pamulapadu Village of Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India: An Original Research
This document discusses using fractal dimension analysis to detect dysplasia in oral leukoplakia. It begins by providing background on fractals and fractal dimension. The study aimed to determine if fractal dimension analysis could help detect malignant transformation in oral leukoplakia. 121 patients with oral leukoplakia had digital images taken before and after staining, which were analyzed using fractal dimension analysis software. Results found fractal dimension values were higher in dysplastic leukoplakia compared to nondysplastic. Values also increased with patient age and were higher in those using surti/khaini tobacco. The study concludes fractal dimension analysis may be a useful noninvasive screening tool for early detection of
This document summarizes a study on the seroprevalence of hepatitis B antigenemia among dental students in South India. The study found:
1) A total of 352 dental students participated in the study, with 46% vaccinated against hepatitis B and 54% unvaccinated.
2) All 352 dental students tested negative for hepatitis B surface antigen.
3) While the study found no current hepatitis B infections, the significant number of unvaccinated students indicates a need for improved vaccination programs for dental students to protect against occupational risk of hepatitis B exposure.
This study evaluated the knowledge and concerns of 124 dentists in southern India regarding COVID-19 through a questionnaire. The results showed good knowledge of COVID-19 itself and oral manifestations, but less awareness of appropriate testing and disinfection procedures. While most dentists understood risk levels and emergency procedures, some lacked knowledge of ideal mouthwashes or managing contaminated air. Overall, the study found that while knowledge of COVID-19 was fairly good, greater education was still needed on testing, prevention and infection control practices.
Oral Health & Its Effect on COVID 19: Systematic Review & Meta Analysis.DrHeena tiwari
This document summarizes a systematic review and meta-analysis on the relationship between oral health and COVID-19. The review included 13 studies. Key findings included:
1) Infection control measures like telephone screening, social distancing and PPE were discussed across many studies as important for dental practices during the pandemic.
2) Pre-procedural mouthwashes and use of rubber dams and high-volume evacuation were recommended to reduce aerosol transmission during dental procedures.
3) Guidelines varied on types of masks to use, but N95 or equivalent masks were suggested for aerosol-generating procedures by many studies.
4) Psychological impacts of COVID-19 on dental workers and appropriate waste
This document discusses a study comparing the efficacy of placentrex and hydrocortisone injections as adjunct treatments for oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). 60 patients with stage II or III OSMF were divided into two groups. Group A received placentrex injections while Group B received hydrocortisone injections over 2 months. Mouth opening and burning sensation were measured before and after treatment. Results found a statistically significant greater increase in mean mouth opening for Group B compared to Group A. Burning sensation was reduced more in Group A than Group B. Overall, hydrocortisone seemed to be more effective at improving mouth opening and mucosal health, while placentrex was better at reducing burning
ASTHMA CORRELATES AMONG ADOLESCENCE IN COUNTRY: AN ORIGINAL RESEARCHDrHeena tiwari
The document summarizes a study on asthma correlates among adolescents in a country. The study involved a cross-sectional survey of 1200 children to examine health risks and lifestyle factors. The results found that the prevalence of self-reported asthma was 8.2%. Asthmatic adolescents were more likely to be male, overweight or obese, consume soft drinks and energy drinks more frequently, and less likely to consume milk compared to non-asthmatic adolescents. The study aims to establish how lifestyle factors are associated with increased asthma incidence among adolescents.
This study evaluated digital palmar dermatoglyphic patterns in patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and oral leukoplakia. The study included 200 patients divided into 4 groups - group I had patients with oral leukoplakia, group II had patients with OSMF, group III had patients with habits but no lesions, and group IV was a control group without habits or lesions. Fingerprints and palm prints were taken digitally and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results found an increase in whorls, palmar patterns in the I2-I3 area, total finger ridge count, total triradius count, and a decrease in atd angle and a-b ridge
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined 28 nationally representative surveys from 13 countries on COVID-19 vaccination intentions. The key findings were:
1) Pooled data from March-October found 60% of people anticipated vaccinating and 20% expected to refuse vaccination, with 22% uncertain.
2) Vaccination intentions have declined over time as the pandemic has evolved, while refusal intentions have increased.
3) Demographic factors like being female, younger, lower income/education, and belonging to an ethnic minority were consistently associated with being less likely to intend to vaccinate.
This document summarizes a study that compared the effectiveness of serratiopeptidase and dexamethasone in reducing swelling after surgical removal of impacted third molars. The study involved 100 patients randomized into two groups, with one group receiving dexamethasone and the other receiving serratiopeptidase. Facial measurements were taken preoperatively and on postoperative days 1, 2, 5, and 7. The results showed that serratiopeptidase was effective in reducing swelling from days 2 to 5, while dexamethasone was effective in reducing swelling from days 1 to 2 and also from days 2 to 5. Dexamethasone was found to be more effective than serratiopeptidase in reducing postoperative swelling
Benign orofacial lesions in Libyan population a 17 years retrospective studyZiad Abdul Majid
This study analyzed 975 benign orofacial lesion specimens submitted over a 17-year period to a medical center in Libya. The specimens were categorized into 9 diagnostic groups. The most common diagnostic group was skin and mucosal pathology, comprising 22.87% of specimens. Within this group, lichen planus was the most frequent diagnosis. Overall, pyogenic granuloma was the most common diagnosis, accounting for 14.05% of specimens. Other frequent diagnoses included lichen planus, radicular cyst, and fibroepithelial polyp. The frequencies of most lesions were similar to other studies. Further surveys are needed to better define the epidemiology of orofacial diseases in Libya.
This article proposes a new classification system for cleft alveolus based on computed tomography (CT) scans. Existing classification systems do not use preoperative radiographic evaluation like CT scans or classify cleft alveolus separately. The authors reviewed 3000 CT scans and observed 5 types of cleft alveolus depending on the extent of involvement. The new CT-based classification aims to help surgeons better plan cleft alveolus surgery by providing a clear 3D view of the defect. It could also enhance management with technologies like 3D printing and CAD/CAM guided templates.
Harshitha B, Subhada B, Mustafa M, Solanki H, Safiya NA, Tiwari RV. DNA laddering to evaluate cytogenetic damage in patients with periodontitis. J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent 2019;9:486-91.
Epidemiology of Orofacial Pain in Population of Jammu City in India: An Origi...DrHeena tiwari
This study evaluated the etiology of orofacial pain among 400 patients visiting private clinics in Jammu, India. The results showed that dental caries leading to pulpitis was the most common cause of orofacial pain, affecting 96 patients. Periodontal disease and tooth sensitivity were also significant causes. Orofacial pain was more prevalent in females aged 26-35 years. The pain most commonly worsened during sleep and evenings and lasted less than 1 hour for many subjects. This study concluded that dental caries is the primary etiology of orofacial pain in this population and treatment should be tailored based on the identified cause.
This document summarizes a study on surgical site infections (SSIs) following elective general surgery cases. The study aimed to identify the incidence and risk factors of SSIs, common causative organisms, and antibiotic sensitivity patterns. The overall SSI rate was 4.57%. The most common type of SSI was superficial infections. Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly isolated organism. Antibiotics like linezolid, amikacin and cefotaxim were generally effective. SSIs increased hospital stay by an average of 10 days and posed significant morbidity.
EFFICACY OF TRANSDERMAL PATCHES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF POSTOPERATIVE PAIN: AN O...DrHeena tiwari
This study compared the efficacy of a single 100mg transdermal diclofenac patch to a single 75mg intramuscular diclofenac injection for managing postoperative pain in 30 patients who underwent maxillofacial surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either the patch or injection. Pain levels were assessed at various timepoints using a visual analogue scale. The results found that the patch provided longer lasting analgesia (15 hours on average) compared to the injection (9 hours), and fewer patients in the patch group required rescue pain medication. No local complications occurred with the patch. The study concluded that a single diclofenac patch was more effective than intramuscular diclofenac for managing immediate postoperative pain
Malocclusion And Deleterious Oral Habits In South Indian Adolscent Population...DrHeena tiwari
This study evaluated the prevalence of malocclusion and associated oral habits in South Indian adolescents. The researchers assessed 1000 12-15 year olds using the Dental Aesthetic Index and found that 52% had some form of malocclusion. Deleterious oral habits were present in 21.2% of subjects and those with habits were more likely to have malocclusion than those without. Specific habits like tongue thrusting and mouth breathing were correlated with traits like crowding and open bite. The study concludes that malocclusion in this population is directly linked to the presence of oral habits.
Radiographic Evaluation of the MB2 Canal in Permanent Maxillary Molars- An Or...DrHeena tiwari
This study evaluated the presence and location of the MB2 canal in maxillary first molars using CBCT scans. The scans of 296 patients were analyzed, showing MB2 canals in 43.8% of teeth. No significant gender difference was found. The angle between the mesiobuccal, distobuccal and palatal canals (ƒMDP) was greater in teeth with MB2 canals. A moderate positive correlation was found between ƒMDP and the angle between mesiobuccal, distobuccal and MB2 canals (ƒMDMB2). If ƒMDP was over 90.95 degrees, there was a 78% probability of finding an
This study investigated the association between the MMP-3 promoter polymorphism (-1171 5A->6A) and risk of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in an Indian population. The authors genotyped 362 subjects, including 101 OSMF cases, 135 HNSCC cases, and 126 healthy controls. They found the 5A allele frequency was higher in OSMF (0.15) and HNSCC (0.13) compared to controls (0.07). Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in 5A genotype frequency between OSMF and controls (p=0.01, OR=2.26) and between HNSCC
This study surveyed 560 Indian medical students over 5 years to assess tobacco use and attitudes. The study found that 33% of students used tobacco, with 45.4% chewing tobacco, 32.2% smoking cigarettes, and 22.4% doing both. Most students felt tobacco should be restricted and doctors should advise quitting, but specific training was still needed to develop cessation skills. The high tobacco use rates among future doctors underscores the need for comprehensive intervention strategies in medical curricula to address this issue.
This document summarizes a research article that discusses genetic polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), in potentially malignant and malignant head and neck lesions. It describes how MMPs degrade the extracellular matrix, a key event in tumor progression and metastasis. It reviews the classification of MMPs and their substrates. It also discusses how MMPs and TIMPs are regulated and expresses polymorphisms that may be associated with cancer susceptibility and prognosis.
ASTHMA CORRELATES AMONG ADOLESCENCE IN COUNTRY: AN ORIGINAL RESEARCHDrHeena tiwari
The document summarizes a study on asthma correlates among adolescents in a country. The study involved a cross-sectional survey of 1200 children to examine health risks and lifestyle factors. The results found that the prevalence of self-reported asthma was 8.2%. Asthmatic adolescents were more likely to be male, overweight or obese, consume soft drinks and energy drinks more frequently, and less likely to consume milk compared to non-asthmatic adolescents. The study aims to establish how lifestyle factors are associated with increased asthma incidence among adolescents.
This study evaluated digital palmar dermatoglyphic patterns in patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and oral leukoplakia. The study included 200 patients divided into 4 groups - group I had patients with oral leukoplakia, group II had patients with OSMF, group III had patients with habits but no lesions, and group IV was a control group without habits or lesions. Fingerprints and palm prints were taken digitally and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results found an increase in whorls, palmar patterns in the I2-I3 area, total finger ridge count, total triradius count, and a decrease in atd angle and a-b ridge
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined 28 nationally representative surveys from 13 countries on COVID-19 vaccination intentions. The key findings were:
1) Pooled data from March-October found 60% of people anticipated vaccinating and 20% expected to refuse vaccination, with 22% uncertain.
2) Vaccination intentions have declined over time as the pandemic has evolved, while refusal intentions have increased.
3) Demographic factors like being female, younger, lower income/education, and belonging to an ethnic minority were consistently associated with being less likely to intend to vaccinate.
This document summarizes a study that compared the effectiveness of serratiopeptidase and dexamethasone in reducing swelling after surgical removal of impacted third molars. The study involved 100 patients randomized into two groups, with one group receiving dexamethasone and the other receiving serratiopeptidase. Facial measurements were taken preoperatively and on postoperative days 1, 2, 5, and 7. The results showed that serratiopeptidase was effective in reducing swelling from days 2 to 5, while dexamethasone was effective in reducing swelling from days 1 to 2 and also from days 2 to 5. Dexamethasone was found to be more effective than serratiopeptidase in reducing postoperative swelling
Benign orofacial lesions in Libyan population a 17 years retrospective studyZiad Abdul Majid
This study analyzed 975 benign orofacial lesion specimens submitted over a 17-year period to a medical center in Libya. The specimens were categorized into 9 diagnostic groups. The most common diagnostic group was skin and mucosal pathology, comprising 22.87% of specimens. Within this group, lichen planus was the most frequent diagnosis. Overall, pyogenic granuloma was the most common diagnosis, accounting for 14.05% of specimens. Other frequent diagnoses included lichen planus, radicular cyst, and fibroepithelial polyp. The frequencies of most lesions were similar to other studies. Further surveys are needed to better define the epidemiology of orofacial diseases in Libya.
This article proposes a new classification system for cleft alveolus based on computed tomography (CT) scans. Existing classification systems do not use preoperative radiographic evaluation like CT scans or classify cleft alveolus separately. The authors reviewed 3000 CT scans and observed 5 types of cleft alveolus depending on the extent of involvement. The new CT-based classification aims to help surgeons better plan cleft alveolus surgery by providing a clear 3D view of the defect. It could also enhance management with technologies like 3D printing and CAD/CAM guided templates.
Harshitha B, Subhada B, Mustafa M, Solanki H, Safiya NA, Tiwari RV. DNA laddering to evaluate cytogenetic damage in patients with periodontitis. J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent 2019;9:486-91.
Epidemiology of Orofacial Pain in Population of Jammu City in India: An Origi...DrHeena tiwari
This study evaluated the etiology of orofacial pain among 400 patients visiting private clinics in Jammu, India. The results showed that dental caries leading to pulpitis was the most common cause of orofacial pain, affecting 96 patients. Periodontal disease and tooth sensitivity were also significant causes. Orofacial pain was more prevalent in females aged 26-35 years. The pain most commonly worsened during sleep and evenings and lasted less than 1 hour for many subjects. This study concluded that dental caries is the primary etiology of orofacial pain in this population and treatment should be tailored based on the identified cause.
This document summarizes a study on surgical site infections (SSIs) following elective general surgery cases. The study aimed to identify the incidence and risk factors of SSIs, common causative organisms, and antibiotic sensitivity patterns. The overall SSI rate was 4.57%. The most common type of SSI was superficial infections. Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly isolated organism. Antibiotics like linezolid, amikacin and cefotaxim were generally effective. SSIs increased hospital stay by an average of 10 days and posed significant morbidity.
EFFICACY OF TRANSDERMAL PATCHES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF POSTOPERATIVE PAIN: AN O...DrHeena tiwari
This study compared the efficacy of a single 100mg transdermal diclofenac patch to a single 75mg intramuscular diclofenac injection for managing postoperative pain in 30 patients who underwent maxillofacial surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either the patch or injection. Pain levels were assessed at various timepoints using a visual analogue scale. The results found that the patch provided longer lasting analgesia (15 hours on average) compared to the injection (9 hours), and fewer patients in the patch group required rescue pain medication. No local complications occurred with the patch. The study concluded that a single diclofenac patch was more effective than intramuscular diclofenac for managing immediate postoperative pain
Malocclusion And Deleterious Oral Habits In South Indian Adolscent Population...DrHeena tiwari
This study evaluated the prevalence of malocclusion and associated oral habits in South Indian adolescents. The researchers assessed 1000 12-15 year olds using the Dental Aesthetic Index and found that 52% had some form of malocclusion. Deleterious oral habits were present in 21.2% of subjects and those with habits were more likely to have malocclusion than those without. Specific habits like tongue thrusting and mouth breathing were correlated with traits like crowding and open bite. The study concludes that malocclusion in this population is directly linked to the presence of oral habits.
Radiographic Evaluation of the MB2 Canal in Permanent Maxillary Molars- An Or...DrHeena tiwari
This study evaluated the presence and location of the MB2 canal in maxillary first molars using CBCT scans. The scans of 296 patients were analyzed, showing MB2 canals in 43.8% of teeth. No significant gender difference was found. The angle between the mesiobuccal, distobuccal and palatal canals (ƒMDP) was greater in teeth with MB2 canals. A moderate positive correlation was found between ƒMDP and the angle between mesiobuccal, distobuccal and MB2 canals (ƒMDMB2). If ƒMDP was over 90.95 degrees, there was a 78% probability of finding an
This study investigated the association between the MMP-3 promoter polymorphism (-1171 5A->6A) and risk of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in an Indian population. The authors genotyped 362 subjects, including 101 OSMF cases, 135 HNSCC cases, and 126 healthy controls. They found the 5A allele frequency was higher in OSMF (0.15) and HNSCC (0.13) compared to controls (0.07). Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in 5A genotype frequency between OSMF and controls (p=0.01, OR=2.26) and between HNSCC
This study surveyed 560 Indian medical students over 5 years to assess tobacco use and attitudes. The study found that 33% of students used tobacco, with 45.4% chewing tobacco, 32.2% smoking cigarettes, and 22.4% doing both. Most students felt tobacco should be restricted and doctors should advise quitting, but specific training was still needed to develop cessation skills. The high tobacco use rates among future doctors underscores the need for comprehensive intervention strategies in medical curricula to address this issue.
This document summarizes a research article that discusses genetic polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), in potentially malignant and malignant head and neck lesions. It describes how MMPs degrade the extracellular matrix, a key event in tumor progression and metastasis. It reviews the classification of MMPs and their substrates. It also discusses how MMPs and TIMPs are regulated and expresses polymorphisms that may be associated with cancer susceptibility and prognosis.
This document summarizes the history of tobacco control legislation in India. It discusses the key acts and amendments made from 1975 onwards to increasingly regulate tobacco advertising and use. The 1975 Cigarettes Act was the first law and required health warnings on packages but did not cover all tobacco products. Subsequent laws and amendments expanded coverage, increased penalties, banned smoking in public places, and prohibited tobacco depictions in films. However, full implementation of laws remains a challenge due to opposition from the tobacco industry and conflicting court rulings. The document argues for stronger and more uniform tobacco control across India to reduce tobacco-related disease burden and costs.
Godfrey Phillips India launched a new non-filter cigarette called Tipper Gold Tipped in select markets in India in 2002 under guidance from Mr. Anoop Rohiri. Market research found dissatisfaction with current brands, so Tipper was designed to provide benefits like a compact tip and clean smoke. GPIL used in-shop promotions, distribution strategies, and promotional schemes to launch Tipper, but faced competition from ITC who increased displays in response. Initial sales analysis found Tipper catching up to competitors within two months, with highest brand switching from ITC's Capstan filter cigarette. Factors important for new FMCG launches include product quality/price, distribution, brand awareness and availability.
Launching A Cigarette Under A Banned Promotional EnvironmentRicha Dhall
This document discusses the cigarette industry in India. It provides information on major cigarette companies in India, types of cigarettes, and the ban on smoking in public places. It also discusses Godfrey Phillip India Pvt. Ltd (GPIL), one of the major players, including its current market share, revenue, exports, and diversification into other business segments. Some questions are also presented on assessing the potential of a new cigarette brand launched by GPIL and factors to consider when launching fast-moving consumer goods.
The document discusses a social awareness campaign in India to reduce smoking. It provides background on the large number of tobacco users in India and health consequences of smoking. The campaign aims to target current and occasional smokers aged 15-40 through public messages highlighting health risks and helping smokers quit. Strategies include public service announcements, workshops, a helpline, and community initiatives. The campaign hopes to target women smokers and reduce smoking in public places to protect non-smokers. It provides a multi-phase rollout plan and estimated annual budget of 16 million rupees focused initially in Maharashtra.
This document summarizes Maine's history of tobacco policy initiatives and laws from 1897 to 2011. It discusses the progression of laws that have been passed to reduce exposure to secondhand smoke, restrict youth access to tobacco, increase tobacco taxes, and establish tobacco prevention programs. Key milestones include the first workplace smoking ban in 1985, comprehensive smoke-free laws in the 1990s and 2000s, increased tobacco taxes in 1997 dedicated to prevention programs, and the 1998 tobacco Master Settlement Agreement. The document provides a high-level overview of Maine's extensive efforts to enact tobacco control policies and initiatives over the past century.
Oral health Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour among a sample of Kurdish peop...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Oral cancer awareness and knowledge in adults attending a dental hospital in ...Apollo Hospitals
Cancer, being one of the most common causes of death after
coronary heart diseases, causes nearly 7 million deaths each
year worldwide and according to WHO, presently, almost 25
million people are suffering from cancer, and by 2020 it is
projected that there may be 16 million new cancer cases and
ten million cancer deaths reported every year.1 In most
countries, one to ten cases per 1,00,000 people are diagnosed
with oral cancer every year. Though, it accounts for only two
percent of all cancers reported worldwide, it is the second
most common cancer in males and the fourth most common
cancer in females in South-Central Asia, accounting for seven
percent of the total cancers diagnosed in this region, ranking
among the three most common types of cancers reported in
the region.2 With 75,000e80,000 new cases of oral cancers
being reported every year, India has the highest prevalence of
oral cancer in the world. According GLOBOCON 2012 report,
oral cancer is a third most frequent cancer after breast and
cervix with an estimated 5-year prevalence rate of 6.6%.3 In
India, Northeast India including Assam accounts for more
than 40% of these cases.4 Oral cancer has a higher cure rate
when detected early and treated accordingly, but unfortu-
nately most oral cancers are diagnosed in advanced stages,
requiring aggressive treatment and associated morbidity,
resulting in higher mortality rates.
Evaluation of Syrian Diabetics’ Knowledge Regarding the Two-Way Relationshi...semualkaira
Periodontal disease is considered as a serious complication of Diabetes Mellitus. Both diseases have a bidirectional adverse association. Patient’s self-care of oral hygiene and awareness of periodontal complications of diabetes is an important factor in controlling complications of diabetes.
Evaluation of Syrian Diabetics’ Knowledge Regarding the Two-Way Relationship ...semualkaira
Periodontal disease is considered
as a serious complication of Diabetes Mellitus. Both diseases have
a bidirectional adverse association. Patient’s self-care of oral hygiene and awareness of periodontal complications of diabetes is an
important factor in controlling complications of diabetes.
Comprehensive Assessment of Attitude Towards Denture Hygiene Habits in Compl...Ajay Pacharne
Abstract---Background and Aim: With the advanced innovations in
the rehabilitation techniques, the usages of removable denture have
been reduced significantly. However; complete denture are one of the
most common and trendy avenue for restoring completely edentulous
situations. The ultimate aim of this study was to assess the denture
hygiene attitude in complete denture patients. Materials and Methods:
A total of 100 complete denture wearing patients were selected for this
assessment. The patients were selected in the age range of 45-70
years. The methodologies were explained to the patients prior to the
real execution of the study. All interested complete denture patients
were included in the study. We also performed a small demographic
recording of the patients that includes data on gender, age, length of
prosthesis utilize, cleaning strategies and materials, and so on.
Statistical Analysis and Results: Basic statistical analysis was
completed using SPSS statistical package for the Social Sciences
version 21 for Windows. Only 58% of the patients reported that they
use to clean their dentures every day once. Approximately 68% of the
patients agreed that they do not remember the verbal and written
instructions for denture hygiene at the time of delivery of complete
dentures by the dentists.
SELF MEDICATION PRACTICES FOR ORAL HEALTH PROBLEMS AMONG DENTAL PATIENTS IN B...iosrphr_editor
This study examined self-medication practices for oral health problems among dental patients in Bangalore, India. The study found that 100% of the 175 dental patients surveyed practiced self-medication. Toothache was the most common triggering factor reported. Analgesics and herbal remedies were commonly used for self-treatment. Most participants consulted pharmacists for advice on self-medication and would see a dentist only if problems persisted after self-medicating. The high prevalence of self-medication indicates a need for education programs to increase awareness of risks.
Lady health workers' perceptions towards tuberculosis and its determinants at...Zubia Qureshi
Background: Lady Health Workers (LHWs), performing in Tuberculosis control programs have direct access in the communities. This study was designed to improve the TB status in Sindh province by improving the knowledge and practices of LHWs. Objective: To assess the TB related knowledge, attitude and practices among LHWs at tehsil Latifabad, district Hyderabad, Sindh. Method: A mixed method Cross-sectional study was done on universally selected 384 LHWs from Latifabad. Three focus group discussions were conducted with eight participants for each group. A pre-tested structured questionnaire and eld guidelines were used for data collection. Analysis was done on SPSS software by calculating frequencies, percentages, mean and median. While for inferential analysis chi square, t-test and Mann Whitney U tests were used. For FGDs, content analysis method was used. Results: Sufcient knowledge was found in about half 193(50.3%) of the participants. The overall attitude and practices of most of the LHWs 214(55.7%) and 205 (53.4%) respectively was not good. A signicant difference was found between LHWs knowledge score of those who had insufcient (28.08 ± 3.0) and sufcient knowledge (28.08 ± 3.1) with p-value <0.001. Also good attitude (47.74±2.8) and practices (51.45±3.8) of LHWs differed signicantly from those who did not have good attitude (36.09±4.8), and practices (40.44±3.3) with p-value <0.001. The insufcient knowledge was associated with unsafe practices. Tuberculosis related stigma was found in the community, people do not want to disclose their disease. Conclusion: Overall knowledge, attitude and practices about TB were not satisfactory among LHWs of Latifabad. An educational intervention is recommended for LHWs. Key words: Community health workers, infectious disease, knowledge, attitude, practices, developing country
Dental Myth, Fallacies and Misconceptions and its Association with Socio-Dent...DrRipika Sharma
Introduction: It is important to know about the myths and misconceptions, especially in India, where general and oral health is
embroiled in various myths and ritualistic practices.
Objectives: The purpose of this study is aimed at assessing the prevalence of dental myth and utilizes socio-dental impact
locus of control scale (SILOC) health model, as the theoretical framework to understand the dental myth and belief and possible
reasons for noncompliance with recommended health action.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by the out-patients attending dental institute, in Bengaluru
city. A total of 150 individuals were included, data were collected using a pretested and validated three-part questionnaire
including demographic data, questions regarding dental myth, and seven items SILOC. Data obtained were statistically analyzed
using descriptive statistics, t-test, and spearman’s rank correlation.
Results: Almost all the participant believed in one or more dental myth. About 71.3% of the participant had high (≥11) SILOC
scores. Statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) was found between mean SILOC scores and gender with males having
a lower mean score (14.94) as compared to females (18.62). When SILOC scores and myth scores were compared against
socioeconomic status, it showed statistically significant difference (P < 0.001), between them. The SILOC scores highly correlated
with myth scores.
Conclusion: Various dental myth and false perception still lurk in the minds of the population, to discourage the unhealthy
practices; we the health professionals have to provide intensive health education and promote the adoption of healthy practices.
It would be prudent to familiarize professionals to understand these myths and beliefs as they act as barriers toward seeking
treatment.
Key words: Culture, Gender, Internal-external control, Oral health, Social class
This study evaluated the socio-demographic determinants of dental service utilization among 741 secondary school students in Nigeria. The results showed that only 27.9% of students had visited a dentist before, mainly when experiencing pain. There was a statistically significant association between student type (boarding vs day) and class (junior vs senior secondary) with utilization. However, logistic regression found no socio-demographic factors predictive of utilization. In conclusion, while knowledge of dentists was high, actual utilization of dental services remained poor with no socio-demographic predictors of that utilization.
Compliance to annual ivermectin treatment in abia state,Alexander Decker
The study assessed compliance with annual ivermectin treatment for onchocerciasis in Abia State, Nigeria over 14 years. A survey of 558 individuals found that 55.4% had previously taken ivermectin, but only 22.7% of those were "high compliers" who had taken it 8 or more times. The overall percentage of high compliers was 12.6%. Reasons for low compliance included lack of information, no reason for refusal, absence from village, and no distribution. The reasons given did not significantly affect general compliance levels.
Periodontitis among adult populations in the arab world idj12002Axex Dental
Periodontitis is an important oral health issue globally and is prevalent in many developing countries, including those in the Arab World. However, there is a lack of recent and representative data on the prevalence of periodontitis among adult populations in the Arab countries. The few existing studies report a wide range of periodontitis prevalence, from 0% to 54.6%, depending on the measurement methods and case definitions used. Standardizing data collection and reporting methods would help develop more accurate understandings of periodontitis burden and inform public health programs for the region.
A Study Regarding Knowledge of Anti Biotic Resistance among Engineering Stude...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Oral cancer in india continues in epidemic proportions evidence base and pol...Axex Dental
Oral cancer poses a major public health challenge in India, which has the highest incidence and mortality rates in the world. Approximately 70,000 new oral cancer cases and 48,000 deaths occur yearly in India. Tobacco use, including smokeless tobacco and betel nut chewing, as well as alcohol consumption are the primary risk factors and account for over 90% of oral cancer cases in India. While India has advanced cancer treatment centers, access remains limited and prevention efforts should focus on health education, early detection, and reducing tobacco and alcohol use. A multi-sector policy approach is needed to address this growing epidemic.
The most common cause of bleeding from gums is inflammation of the gums, otherwise called as gingivitis which leads to periodontitis if left untreated.
Read More:https://www.icliniq.com/qa/bleeding-gums/what-is-the-cause-and-solution-for-bleeding-gums
Background- Oral health is a multi-factorial concept, determined by knowledge, behavior, and attitude of a person. Like any behavior carried out daily like a habit, oral health behaviors are also repeated like a habit. The multidimensionality of behavioral change makes studying it, and factors associated with it, a challenge, since there are so many aspects to consider. Objectives- To find an association between the oral health status and socio-behavioral factors among 12-15 years old school children of Belagavi city, India. Methods- A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to find an association between the oral health status and the knowledge, attitude and behavior of adolescents. One thousand participants were selected using two-stage random sampling. Dental caries, bleeding on probing, dental trauma, enamel fluorosis, intervention urgency was recorded according to the WHO 2013 proforma and the parameters regarding knowledge, attitudes as well as behavior using a closed ended self-designed questionnaire. Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis, and linear correlation tests were done. Results- Among 1000 subjects, 767 (76.7%) participants were found to have dental caries and 512 (51.2%) showed the presence of gingival bleeding. Out of a total score of 41, the mean knowledge score was 34.47 (±3.84) for boys and 34.76 (±4.13) for girls. Linear correlation showed that attitude was weakly correlated (r=0.18 and 0.20 respectively) but with a strong statistical significance to knowledge as well as behavior respectively. Conclusion- Attitude when compared separately either with knowledge or behavior showed a weak correlation that was highly significant. Comparison of behavior with caries experience showed a weak negative correlation which was statistically insignificant. Key-words- Oral health, Adolescents, Socio-behavioral, Knowledge, Attitude, Behavior
Studies on the intestinal helminths infestation among primary school children...Alexander Decker
This study examined 283 primary school children in Gwagwada, Nigeria for intestinal helminth infections. The overall prevalence of infection was 67.1%, with the most common helminths being Ascaris lumbricoides (30.7%), Taenia spp (23.0%), and Schistosoma mansoni (11.7%). There was no significant association between infection prevalence and sex. Prevalence decreased weakly with increasing class level but correlated more strongly negatively with age. Source of drinking water and contact with water bodies were associated with higher prevalence rates of certain helminths.
This study assessed factors influencing adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among key populations in Matayos Sub-County, Kenya. The study found that 37% of key populations showed adherence to PrEP based on the Morisky Medical Adherence Scale-4. Adherence varied among different key populations, with 36% for commercial sex workers, 37% for men who have sex with men, and 52% for people who inject drugs. Statistical analysis revealed that education level, marital status, key population category, occupation, stigma, perceptions of side effects, facility accessibility, actual side effects experienced, and condom use were associated with adherence to PrEP. The study concluded that socio-demographic factors, individual characteristics
Oral health attitudes and practices of the elderly people in south east local...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the oral health attitudes and practices of elderly people in South East Local Government Area (SELGA) in Ibadan, Nigeria. 690 elderly individuals were interviewed using a questionnaire about their oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices. The results showed that while most had positive attitudes towards oral health care, this did not always translate to good oral health practices. For example, most reported regularly cleaning their teeth but previous studies found high levels of plaque and calculus in this group. Additionally, many desired dental care but few actually visited the clinic regularly. The study concluded the elderly had some good oral health habits but their dental clinic attendance was poor and oral health promotion should focus on improving cleaning methods rather than
Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among HIVPositive Patients in Central Hos...Efe Clement Abel
Abstract: Adherence is the quantified level to which an individual follows a prescribed treatment and a low level of adherence to antiretroviral therapy(ART) adversely affects a patient’s treatment outcome and results in a rebound of plasma viraemia, development of resistant strains of HIV, more rapid immune deterioration, development of AIDS and death. This study is aimed at assessing the level of adherence to ART among HIV-positive patients assessing care in Central Hospital, Warri, Delta State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study. Data were obtained using a semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire and analysed using SPSS version 23. A total of 303 persons were recruited for the study. The mean age of respondents was 36.2±10.8years. Less than half of the subjects (45.5%) were adherent to their ART. Among the non-adherent subjects, the common reasons reported for missing doses of ART were forgetfulness (50.9%), too busy with other things (43.6%) and away from home (35.8%). This study showed that adherence to ART among the study population was poor. Forgetfulness, too busy with other things and being away from home were the most common reason for non-adherence. It is, therefore, recommended that; regular health education should be organised for HIV patients on ART on the importance of being adherent to their ART, regular assessment of adherence to ART should be carried out and a method of reminding patients who are non-adherent to ART on the need to take their ART as at when due should be considered as part of the routine services provided by ART centres.
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Methods trauma, use of prosthesis and if these were well adapted.
Data collection In addition, in those cases requiring further examina-
Individuals presenting to the out-patient department tion, biopsies were performed to establish a definitive
(OPD) of the Government-run District Hospital at diagnosis.
Vidisha district in the state of Madhya Pradesh in Cen- Statistical analysis
tral India were screened at an Oral health camp held The variables were analyzed on all patients, using the
during the months of May- June 2008, over a period of SPSS software (11.0).
10 days by a team of dental and medical specialists.
Information about this screening was also disseminated Results
by public announcements, distribution of handbills, The population under study consisted mainly of indivi-
media coverage and door-to-door publicity in the duals living in isolated settlements away from the gen-
remote areas. eral population. A total of 3030 subjects were screened.
Ethical permission Of these 2150 (71%) were males and 880 (29%) were
Permission was obtained from the Institutional ethical females. (Fig. 1) Analyzing the clinical symptoms, 417
committee at Vidisha and written consent was obtained (14%) reported moderate pain/discomfort, 412 (14%)
from the participating patients. suffered from difficulty in opening the mouth; 244 (8%)
Questionnaire patients reported slight burning sensation, 140(5%)
The WHO Oral Health Assessment Form was used as a reported moderate and 37 (1%) reported severe burning
basis of a questionnaire and clinical assessment form sensation in the oral cavity; 97(3%) patients had altered
[4]. General information related to the subjects’ oral taste sensation. 19(1%) reported increased while 108(4%)
hygiene practices and habits were collected through reported decreased salivation. (Fig. 2)
interview by paramedical workers. The questionnaire Regarding the habit of tobacco use, 635(21%) were
was constructed and administered in English. After a smokers, 1272(42%) tobacco chewers, 341(11%) smokers
pilot study, the questionnaire was translated into the and chewers, while 1464(48%) neither smoked nor
local language (Hindi) using appropriate and simple chewed. (Fig. 3) 256 patients were found to have signifi-
words. For validation, the questionnaire was translated cant mucosal lesions which were maculopapular, ero-
back into English. During the survey the questions were sions, ulcerations or growths. Of these, maximum
read to most of the subjects, as the majority were number of patients i.e. 32(14%) had lesions measuring
illiterate. 1-3 mm. lesion, 8% had lesions of 11-20 mm, while, 27
Patient Population (12%) had lesions more than 20 mm of size.
Patients who were at least 18 years of age were included In 121(53%) patients, both the right and left buccal
in the study. Those who gave a history of usage of mucosae were involved. This was followed by involve-
tobacco, betel nut and betel leaf in various forms were ment of the retromolar trigone. The other areas of the
considered to be at high risk for oral lesions. Prior to oral cavity like tongue, gingivae, floor of mouth, hard
the examination, patients rinsed their mouth thoroughly palate, soft palate and alveolar mucosa were less com-
with water and were examined under an incandescent monly involved.
light source. Patients with oral mucosal lesions were Of these 256 patients who were identified with
identified and lesions that, in the opinion of the investi- abnormalities on clinical examination, 40 patients
gator warranted histopathological examination, under- refused to undergo scalpel biopsy and 216 cases agreed
went scalpel biopsies. for scalpel biopsy confirmation.
Clinical examination On histopathological examination, maximum number
Each patient was evaluated using a pre-designed chart. i.e. 88 (40%) patients had leukoplakia. 17 (11%) patients
The clinical diagnosis was established and classified were found to have dysplasia - of which 13 had dyspla-
according to the Epidemiology guide for the diagnosis of sia grade 1, 3 had dysplasia grade II and 1 had dysplasia
oral mucosal diseases (WHO) [5]. Correlation, if any, grade III, while 2 patients were confirmed to have squa-
with etiological factors was assessed. The questionnaire mous cell carcinoma. Other lesions are detailed in Fig.
included information on general status of the patient, 4.
systemic diseases, medications used, age, gender, alcohol On statistical analysis, the patients with leukoplakia
and tobacco consumption, habits (trauma) and prosthe- had an Odds ratio of 4.5 while chewers had an Odds
tic or other appliances use. During the clinical examina- ratio of 5.6 as compared to non-users. More males had
tion the following elements were analyzed: features of dysplasia than females i.e. 17/18 (p < 0.02) and, at the
the lesion, anatomical location, extension, etiological same time, more males used addictive substances vis-à-
factors or related factors, dental status, alcohol, tobacco, vis females (p < 0.02).
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Figure 1 Distribution of patients according to their complaints.
The patients with a diagnosis of premalignant condi- available, however few isolated studies of prevalent
tions like speckled leukoplakia and oral submucous lesions have been reported [6-11]. The prevalence of
fibrosis were advised abstinence from tobacco and a oral lesions in population has been documented in other
visit to their dentist, while the patients with dysplasia parts of the world like Colombia [12], Mexico [13], Bra-
were advised follow-up at a tertiary level teaching hospi- zil [14], Chile [15], Spain [16], Argentina [17], USA[18],
tal in Bhopal and those with squamous cell carcinoma Israel [19] and Cambodia [20], mainly based on clinical
were advised surgery at the Jawaharlal Cancer Hospital, evaluation of the lesions. In contrast, Correa et al [21]
Bhopal. and Dehler et al [22] conducted prevalence studies
based on the clinicopathological correlation, evaluating
Discussion the biopsies of the observed lesions.
Only limited information on oral mucosal abnormalities While emerging lifestyle and food habits have been
in the rural or semi-urban population of India is contributing factors, the problem of bad oral health is
Figure 2 Distribution of patients according to their personal habits.
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Figure 3 Histopathological diagnosis of lesions.
compounded by a low dentist to population ratio. The prevalence of 23.2% in the elderly. Sanchez reporting in
World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends a 1: Spain, documented 39% of aged patients had oral
7500 dentist to population ratio whereas the dentist to mucosa alterations [16].
population ratio in India is as low as 1:22500 [23]. In Of the clinically significant lesions which were biop-
2004, India had one dentist for 10,000 persons in urban sied, the percentage of patients suffering from leuko-
areas and about 2.5 lakh persons in rural areas. Almost plakia was 40.7%, oral submucous fibrosis 9.7% and
three-fourths of the total number of dentists were clus- lichen planus 2.7% which was higher to those found by
tered in urban areas, which house only one-fourth of Saraswathi et al (0.59%, 0.55% and 0.15% respectively)
the country’s population [24]. This limits the curative Prevalence of smoker’s melanosis was 2.3% in this
approach to tackle dental problems in rural areas while study while it was lesser in Chennai (1.14%) [6]. Dys-
it is widely acknowledged that oral cancer can best be plasia was found in 17 patients out of which 6% was
prevented through early detection and primary preven- found with grade I, 1.4% with grade II and 0.5% with
tion. Unfortunately, the awareness levels of lesions asso- grade III while squamous cell carcinoma was found in
ciated with usage of addictive agents continue to remain 0.93% in this study. These findings reveal higher per-
abysmally low. centages than similar studies from India, [6-11] and
This study was a community survey, in which the pre- this difference may probably be explained by the fact
valence of clinically significant oral lesions was 8.4% - that, unlike most other clinical studies, in this report,
which was higher in comparison to a previous study histopathological confirmation was obtained in most of
from Chennai (4.1%). This could probably be due to the cases.
higher prevalence of smoking and/or tobacco chewing Subjects who smoked or chewed tobacco in any form
(52%) in this study in comparison to 31% reported by had a far higher incidence of oral lesions vis-à-vis non-
Saraswathi et al [6]. Vellappally et al found that in a sur- users. On assessing the correlation of habits with inci-
vey of 805 subjects for dental caries, the highest preva- dence of leukoplakia, smokers were found to have an
lence of oral mucosal lesions were present in tobacco Odds ratio of 4.5 while chewers had 5.6 as compared to
chewers (22.7%) followed by regular smokers (12.9%), non-users. This was less than findings of Saraswathi et
occasional smokers (8.6%), ex-smokers (5.1%) and non al who reported figures of 5.08 and 6.82, respectively.
tobacco users (2.8%) [11]. The prevalence figure of oral Subjects who chewed areca nut with or without tobacco
lesions was 8.4% covering all age groups. On the other had a higher prevalence of oral submucous fibrosis,
hand, Gonzalez et al [13] in Mexico, demonstrated a similar to earlier findings[6].
5. Mehrotra et al. BMC Research Notes 2010, 3:23 Page 5 of 6
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Figure 4 Spectrum of clinical lesions.
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Since the information on habits was garnered by the 8. Mehta FS, Gupta PC, Daftary DK, Pindborg JJ, Choksi SK: An epidemiologic
study of oral cancer and precancerous conditions among 101,761
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preting the results. Another limitation of the study was specific incidence rate and pathological spectrum or oral cancer in
Allahabad. Indian J Med Sci 2003, 57:400-4.
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population survey vis-à-vis a hospital survey, there is a Nair M: Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue among young Indian
lack of generalizability and limited statistical adults. Neoplasia 2001, 3:273-7.
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pacientes de 55 años y más que asisten a las clínicas del geronte a la
This survey high-lighted the rampant misuse of variety facultad de odontología de la u.n. durante el primer semestre del año
of addictive substances as well as the high prevalence of 2000 y cual es la percepción que tienen estos pacientes sobre su propio
oral lesions in the community. There is an urgent need estado de salud bucal. Revista de la Fed Od Col 2001, 61http://www.
encolombia.com.
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la población mayor de 65 años. Publicación oficial de la Sociedad
Author details Andaluza de Geriatría y Gerontólogia 2004, 2(2):6-9.
1
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