The document serves as a comprehensive guide to legal writing using the Bluebook citation format, explaining various citation rules for different types of legal materials. It covers key rules including short citation forms, proper font and formatting usage, and specific citation formats for cases, statutes, and other materials. Additionally, it provides examples, common mistakes, and useful websites for further assistance in citation practices.

1. Bluebooking 102
Wordsmith Workshop

2. Whether you write
extensively or the bare
minimum, much legal
writing uses the Bluebook
citation format.
As a uniform system,
utilizing the Bluebook
format ensures that your
writing, and more
specifically your citations,
is universally intelligible.
Thus, understanding how
to correctly cite each
source based on the
Bluebook format may be
vital to your legal writing
career.

3. • Rule 4. Short Citation Forms
• Rule 10. Cases
• Rule 11. Constitutions
• Rule 12. Statutes
• Rule 13. Legislative Materials
• Rule 14. Administrative and Executive Materials
• Rule 15. Books, Reports, and Other Non-periodic Materials
• Rule 16. Periodical Materials
• Rule 18. The Internet, Electronic Media, and Other Non-print Resources
• Rule 21. International Materials
Major Rules with Common Mistakes

4. Fonts and Formatting
•SMALL CAPS (R.2): To change any text in
a Microsoft Word document (whether
Mac or PC) to SMALL CAPS (as required
by several citation formats), simply click
Control + D and select “small caps”
from the menu that pops up.

5. Fonts and Formatting
•“Quotations” (R.5): If a quotation has
fifty (50) or more words, it should be
indented without quotation marks. If it
has forty-nine (49) or fewer words, it
“should be enclosed in quotation marks
but not otherwise set off from the rest
of the text.”

7. Fonts and Formatting
•Italics (R.2.1(a)): Particularly in reference to
case names, please remember that there is
a difference in how you cite cases in the
body of your writing as opposed to a
footnote. In-line citations are italicized
while footnote citations are not, i.e. Roe v.
Wade vs. Roe v. Wade. Note also,
however, that the short form of case
citations requires italics for the case name.

8. Rule 4 ~ Short Citation Forms
• 4.1. Id.
– Id. “may be used in citation sentences and clauses for any kind
of authority except internal cross-references.
– Id. is used in both court documents/legal memoranda and law
reviews. In the former, use id. only “when citing the
immediately preceding authority” IF “the immediately preceding
citation contains only one authority.” Similarly, with law review
footnotes, use id. “when citing the immediately preceding
authority within the same footnote or within the immediately
preceding footnote when the preceding footnote contains only
one authority.”
– Remember, “the period at the end of ‘id.’ is ALWAYS italicized.”

9. 4.1. Id.
•Example (see Bluebook, 19th ed., pp. 72-73
for more):
–1. Chalfin v. Specter, 233 A.2d 562, 562
(Pa. 1967).
–2. Id. at 563.

11. Rule 4 ~ Short Citation Forms
• 4.2. Supra
– Supra is used when referring to an authority fully cited
previously in the article or document. Typically, the supra form
“consists of the last name of the author of the work, followed by
a comma and the word ‘supra.’” Also, remember to “indicate
any particular manner in which the subsequent citation differs
from the former” – such as page number, section number, etc.
– Note that the Bluebook lists several types of sources that
should NOT use a supra reference, including cases, statutes,
etc. Supra is, however, extremely appropriate when referencing
articles, books, reports, etc. previously cited in full.
– Finally, “[i]ndicate the footnote in which the full citation can be
found.”

12. 4.2. Supra
•Example (see Bluebook, 19th ed., pg. 74
for more examples):
–27. Reich, supra note 16, at 6.

14. Rule 10 ~ Cases
• Format Full: R.10
– In Text: Meritor Sav. Bank v. Vinson, 477 U.S. 57, 60 (1986).
– Footnote: Meritor Sav. Bank v. Vinson, 477 U.S. 57, 60 (1986).
• Format Pin Cite:
– In Text (B4.2): Meritor Sav. Bank, 477 U.S. at 62. (Please note that the
actual Bluebook says to underline the case name. Here at AMSL, however,
the RWA department requests that you italicize the case name instead.)
– Footnote (R.10.9): Meritor Sav. Bank, 477 U.S. at 62.

15. Rule 11 ~ Constitutions
• Format Full:
– In Text (B6): U.S. Const. amend XIV, § 2.
– Footnote: (R.11) U.S. CONST. amend. XIV, § 2.
• Format Pin Cite:
– There is no short citation form (other than id.) for constitutions.

16. Rule 12 ~ Statutes
• Format:
– In Text: 28 U.S.C. § 1291 (2006).
– Footnote: 28 U.S.C. § 1291 (2006).
• Pin Cite:
– In Text: same as footnote citation
– Footnote (R.12.10): 28 U.S.C. § 1291.

17. Rule 15 ~ Books, Reports, and Other
Nonperiodic Materials
• Format:
– In Text (B8): A. Leo Levin et al., Dispute Resolution Devices in a Democratic
Society 77 (1985).
– Footnote (R.15): A. LEO LEVIN ET AL., DISPUTE RESOLUTION DEVICES IN A
DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY 77 (1985).
• Pin Cite:
– In Text (B8.2): Levin et al., supra, at 80.
– Footnote (R.15.10): Levin et al., supra note #, at 80.

18. Rule 16 ~ Periodical Materials
• Format:
– In Text: Same as R.16
– Footnote (R.16):
– Journal: Charles A. Reich, The New Property, 73 YALE L.J. 733, 737-38 (1964).
– Magazine: Robert J. Samuelson, A Slow Fix for the Banks, NEWSWEEK, Feb. 18, 1991,
at 55.
– Newspaper: Seth Mydans, Los Angeles Police Chief Removed for 60 Days in Inquiry
on Beating, N.Y. TIMES, Apr. 5, 1991, at A1.
• Pin Cite:
– In Text: same as R.16.9
– Footnote (R.16.9): Reich, supra note #, at 739. (Note, if there is no author,
use the title of the piece.

19. Rule 18 ~ The Internet, Electronic Media, and
Other Non-print Resources
• Format:
– In Text (B10): Asahi Shimbun, A-Bomb Disease Ruling, Japanese L. Blog (Mar.
27, 2009, 9:29 PM), http://japaneselaw.blogspot.com.
– Footnote (R.18.1(a)): Asahi Shimbun, A-Bomb Disease Ruling, JAPANESE L.
BLOG, (Mar. 27, 2009, 9:29PM), http://japaneselaw.blogspot.com.
• Pin Cite:
– In Text (B10.2): Shimbun, supra.
– Footnote (R.18.8): Shimbun, supra note #.

20. Beneficial Websites
• Online Citation Generator: http://citeuslegalus.com/
• How to Cite: http://www.law.cornell.edu/citation/index.htm
• Online Bluebook: www.legalbluebook.com
• Interactive Citation Workbook:
http://www.lexisnexis.com/store/catalog/booktemplate/product
detail.jsp?pageName=relatedProducts&core=&parent=cat80002&
catId=cat80116&prodId=40365