The lecture covers the essential aspects of blood transfusions, including their purpose, types, and the significance of proper blood type matching to avoid complications. Blood transfusions are necessary for various medical conditions such as anemia, hemophilia, and injuries resulting in blood loss. The document also discusses laboratory testing procedures and potential risks associated with blood transfusions.

1. Napata College
Medical Laboratory Sciences Program
Hematology Department
Batch(5)-Semester(4)
2021-2022
Lecture (5)
Blood Transfusions
Alshaimaa Essameldin

2. Lecture Objectives
• At the end of this lecture student should be
able to:-
Blood transfusion.
State the importance of the blood transfusion.
Interpretate the lab results .
Describe risks and complications incompatible
blood transfusion.

3. What is the blood transfusion?
• Blood transfusions work to replace blood that
is lost due to injury or surgery. People can
also get blood transfusions to treat certain
medical conditions.
• A blood transfusion is a procedure that
restores blood to the body.

4. Types of blood transfusions:
• there are four common types of blood transfusions:
• Red blood cell transfusions: A person may receive a
red blood cell transfusion if they have experienced
blood loss, if they have anemia (such as iron
deficiency anemia) or if they have a blood disorder.
• Platelet transfusions: A platelet transfusion can help
those who have lower platelet counts, such as from
chemotherapy or a platelet disorder.

5. • Plasma transfusions: Plasma contains proteins
important for health. A person may receive a plasma
transfusion if they have experienced severe burns,
infections, or liver failure.
• Whole blood transfusion: A person may receive a
whole blood transfusion if they have experienced a
severe traumatic hemorrhage and require red blood
cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

6. • Blood types:-
• It is important that a healthcare professional uses the
correct blood type during a blood transfusion.
Otherwise, the body might reject the new blood,
which can have severe consequences.

7. • There are four types of blood:
 A
 B
 AB
 O
• Each blood type can be positive or negative.
• Blood type O is compatible with all other blood types.
People with blood type O are universal donors.
• If someone is in a critical condition and bleeding
heavily, a doctor may use universal blood donor blood.

8. Laboratory findings
• A review, of the blood bank records,
for results of previous testing to
check for the recipient’s group, type,
and for any unexpected RBC
antibody that may have been
previously identified.

9. Laboratory findings
• ABO grouping, Rh
typing, and red cell
antibody detection on
each recipient sample,
sent for compatibility
testing.

10. Laboratory findings
• ABO grouping, Rh typing,
and red cell antibody
detection on the unit of
blood. (The antibody
detection test need not be
repeated if it has been
performed by the collecting
agent).
• Cross matching.

11. Why are blood transfusions necessary?
• Blood transfusions are necessary when the
body lacks enough blood to function properly.
For example, a person may need a blood
transfusion if they have sustained a severe
injury or if they have lost blood during surgery.
• Some people need blood transfusions for
certain conditions and disorders, including:

12. Anemia: This occurs when a person’s blood
does not have enough red blood cells. It can
develop for a number of reasons, such as if a
person does not have enough iron in their
body. This is known as iron deficiency anemia.
Hemophilia : This is a bleeding disorder
wherein the blood is unable to clot properly.

13.  Cancer: This occurs when cells in the body divide and
spread to the surrounding tissues.
 Sickle Cell Disease: This is a group of red blood cell
disorders that change the shape of red blood cells.
 kidney disease: This occurs when the kidneys are
damaged.
 Liver disease: This occurs when the liver stops
functioning properly.

14. Risks and complications
• Blood transfusions are very safe trusted source.
• Strict procedures exist to ensure that the testing, handling,
and storage of donated blood is as safe as possible.
• However, it is possible for a person’s body to react to the
new blood. Such reactions can be either mild or severe.
• Some reactions occur immediately, while others can take
several days to appear.
Examples include:
 Allergies
 Fever
 Hemolytic reaction

15. • Symptoms may include:
• lower back pain.
• chest pain
• dark urine
• nausea
• fever