The combination of high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes can greatly increase your risk of having a heart attack or stroke. Having type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure also increases your chances of developing other diabetes-related diseases, such as kidney disease and retinopathy. Eventually they are interconnected tooo please comment thank you

1. ALPINE SKI HOUSE
BLOOD PRESSURE
WITH DIABETES 2
RELATIONSHIP 🔁
MEDICAL INFORMATION
PRESENTED BY
MARTIN SHAJI
PHARM D

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INTRODUCTION
• Your blood pressure is one of the most important markers of health —
especially as a person with any type of diabetes.
• High blood pressure (also known as “hypertension”) is very common in
people with diabetes. In fact, the two conditions often go hand-in-hand
because they can both result from the same lifestyle factors.
• In this article, we’ll discuss what high blood pressure is and what
causes it, what is a healthy blood pressure measurement, the link
between diabetes and high blood pressure, and what you can do to
prevent or lower high blood pressure levels.
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• People sometimes refer to hypertension as the “silent killer,” and many
people are not aware they have it.
• stress that most of the time there are no symptoms.
• People usually find out they have high blood pressure when a doctor takes
a blood pressure reading, or they take one themselves at home.
• The reading will give two numbers:
• 📍The systolic is the top number
• 📍The diastolic is the bottom number
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• The results will be one of the following:
• 📍Normal: Systolic below 120 and diastolic below 80
• 📍Elevated: Systolic 120–129 and diastolic under 80
• 📍Hypertension stage 1: Systolic 130–139 and diastolic 80–89
• 📍Hypertension stage 2: Systolic 140-plus and diastolic 90 or more
• 📍Hypertensive crisis: Systolic higher than 180 and diastolic above 120.
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WHEN TO SEE DOCTOR
• ‼A hypertensive crisis means that the individual needs to see a doctor
immediately.
• A person with early-stage hypertension has a risk of developing
hypertension in the future.
• Lifestyle habits can help control blood pressure and prevent hypertension
and its complications.
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• These lifestyle influencers include:
• 4️⃣ exercise
• 3️⃣ a healthful diet
• 2️⃣ weight control
• 1️⃣ medication
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❓IDENTIFYING DIABETES
Not everyone with diabetes will notice symptoms, including those with a
diagnosis, as long as they are controlling their condition effectively.
• If symptoms of high blood sugar levels do appear, they include:
• 📌excessive thirst
• 📌frequent need to urinate
• 📌increased night time urination
• 📌weakness and tiredness
• 📌blurred vision 8

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OTHER COMPLICATIONS MAY FORM AS
• A person may also notice that they start to have more infections,
including urinary tract infections, thrush, and upper respiratory
tract infections. They may also notice that wounds and infections
take longer to heal.
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TESTS WILL SHOW THAT A PERSON HAS HIGH LEVELS
OF SUGAR IN THEIR URINE AND BLOOD.
• Glucose levels after fasting for 8 hours may be
• 📌Normal: Less than 100 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl)
• 📌Prediabetes: Between 100–125 mg/dl
• 📌Diabetes: A reading of 126 mg/dl or above
• Other tests that a doctor may carry out will show the results in different
ways.
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TYPES OF DIABETES
• There are three kinds of diabetes mellitus, all of which have
different causes:
• 📍Type 1 diabetes tends to appear during childhood or
adolescence, but it can occur later in life. Symptoms can emerge
relatively suddenly or over a number of weeks. Type 1 happens
when the immune system attacks the cells in the pancreas that
produce insulin. There is no way to avoid type 1 diabetes.
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📍Type 2 diabetes can take years to develop, and most people do not notice
symptoms. Someone typically finds out that they have prediabetes or type 2
diabetes when they attend a screening or if complications occur, such as
neuropathyor kidney problems.
• Current guidelines recommend screening for everyone over the age of 45
years or before if they have risk factors, such as obesity.
• This precaution is because someone with an early diagnosis has a better
chance of reversing or slowing the progress of the condition and avoiding
complications before they start. 12

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❗TYPE 2 DIABETES AND HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
• High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a condition that’s seen in
people with type 2 diabetes. It’s unknown why there’s such a significant
relationship between the two diseases. It’s believed that the following
contribute to both conditions:
• 1️⃣ Obesity
• 2️⃣ A diet high in fat and sodium
• 3️⃣ Chronic inflammation
• 4️⃣ Inactivity
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HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE – PREVALENCE
• High blood pressure is known as a “silent killer” because it often
has no obvious symptoms and many people are unaware they have
it. A 2013 survey by the American Diabetes Association
(ADA)found that fewer than half of people at risk for heart disease
or type 2 diabetesreported discussing biomarkers, including blood
pressure, with their care providers
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⁉️WHEN IS IT HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE?
• If you have high blood pressure, it means that your blood is pumping
through your heart and blood vessels with too much force. Over time,
consistently high blood pressure tires the heart muscle and can enlarge it.
In 2008, 67 percent of American adults aged 20 and over with self-
reported diabetes had blood pressure rates that were greater than 140/90
millimeters of mercury (mm Hg).
• In the general population and in people with diabetes, a blood pressure
reading of less than 120/80 mm Hg is considered normal
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• What does this mean? The first number (120) is called the systolic
pressure. It indicates the highest pressure exerted as blood pushes
through your heart. The second number (80) is called the diastolic
pressure. This is the pressure maintained by the arteries when the
vessels are relaxed between heartbeats.
• Healthy people over 20 with a blood pressure lower than 120/80
should get their blood pressure checked once every two years. People
with diabetes need to be more vigilant.
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• If you have diabetes, your doctor may check your blood
pressure at least four times each year. If you have diabetes
and high blood pressure, the ADA recommends that you
self-monitor at home, record the readings, and share them
with your doctor.
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❓RISK FACTORS FOR HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE WITH
DIABETES
• 📌The combination of high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes
is particularly lethal and can significantly raise your risk of
having a heart attack or stroke. Having type 2 diabetes and
high blood pressure also increases your chances of developing
other diabetes-related diseases, such as kidney disease and
retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy may cause blindness.
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• 📌There’s also significant evidence to show that chronic
high blood pressure can speed the arrival of problems
with the ability to think that are associated with aging,
such as Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. According to
the AHA, blood vessels in the brain are particularly
susceptible to damage due to high blood pressure. This
makes it a major risk factor for stroke and dementia.
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RISK FACTORS
• 📌Uncontrolled diabetes isn’t the only health factor that increases risk
for high blood pressure. Remember, your chances of having a heart
attack or stroke increase exponentially if you have more than one of the
following risk factors:
• 📍family history of heart disease
• 📍high-fat, high-sodium diet
• 📍sedentary lifestyle
• 📍high cholesterol
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• 📍advanced age
• 📍obesity
• 📍current smoking habit
• 📍too much alcohol
• 📍chronic diseases such as kidney disease, diabetes, or
sleep apnea
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⁉️IN PREGNANCY
A women who have gestational diabetes are more likely to have high blood
pressure.
• However, women who manage their blood sugar levels during
pregnancy are less likely to experience high blood pressure.
• If you develop high blood pressure during pregnancy, your
doctor will monitor your urine protein levels. High urine
protein levels may be a sign of preeclampsia. This is a type of
high blood pressure that occurs during pregnancy.
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DIAGNOSIS – MARKERS
• Other markers in the blood may also lead to a diagnosis. These
markers include:
• 📍abnormal liver enzymes
• 📍abnormal kidney function
• 📍low platelet count
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⁉️PREVENTING HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE WITH DIABETES
• 📌There are many lifestyle changes that can lower your blood pressure.
Nearly all are dietary, but daily exercise is also recommended. Most
doctors advise walking briskly for 30 to 40 minutes every day, but any
aerobic activity can make your heart healthier.
• The AHA recommends a minimum of either:
• 📌150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity exercise
• 📌75 minutes per week of vigorous exercise
• 📌a combination of moderate and vigorous activity each week
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MANAGEMENT
• ❗In addition to lowering blood pressure, physical activity
can strengthen the heart muscle. It may also reduce arterial
stiffness. This happens as people age, but is often
accelerated by type 2 diabetes. Exercise can also help you
gain better control of your blood sugar levels.
• Work directly with your doctor to develop an exercise plan.
This is especially important if you:
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• 📍haven’t exercised before
• 📍are trying to work up to something more strenuous
• 📍are having trouble meeting your goals
• 📍Start with five minutes of brisk walking each day and increase it over
time. Take the stairs instead of the elevator, or park your car farther from
the store entrance.
• You may be familiar with the need for improved eating habits, such as
limiting sugar in your diet. But heart-healthy eating also means limiting:
• ✳salt
• ✳high-fat meats
• ✳whole-fat dairy products

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‼A Healthier Diet
📍Fill Up On Several Servings Of Vegetables Throughout The Day.
📍Switch To Low-fat Dairy Products.
📍Limit Processed Foods. Make Sure They Contain Fewer Than 140 Milligrams
(Mg) Of Sodium Per Serving Or 400-600 Mg Per Serving For A Meal.
📍Limit Table Salt.
📍Choose Lean Meats, Fish, Or Meat Substitutes.
📍Cook Using Low-fat Methods Such As Grilling, Broiling, And Baking.
📍Avoid Fried Foods.
📍Eat Fresh Fruit.
📍Eat More Whole, Unprocessed Foods.
📍Switch To Brown Rice And Whole-grain Pastas And Breads.
📍Eat Smaller Meals.
📍Switch To A 9-inch Eating Plate.

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⁉️TREATING HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE WITH DIABETES
While some people can improve their type 2 diabetes and high blood
pressure with lifestyle changes, most require medication. Depending on
their overall health, some people may need more than one medication to
help manage their blood pressure. Most high blood pressure medications
fall into one of these categories:
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• 1️⃣ angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
• 2️⃣ angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
• 3️⃣ beta-blockers
• 4️⃣ calcium channel blockers
• 5️⃣ diuretics.
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