National programs control of blindness

1. NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR
CONTROL OF BLINDNESS

2. BLINDNESS CAUSES &
PREVENTION
DR shilpa
OPHTHALMOLOGYRESIDENT
DISTRICT CIVIL HOSPITAL
DR Pavan
OPHTHALMOLOGY RESIDENT
DISTRICT CIVIL HOSPITAL

3. STRUCTURES OF EYEBALL

4. OUTLINE
 Definition of Blindness
 Categories of Blindness
 Burden
 Causes of Blindness
 Introduction of NPCB
 Objectives
 Strategies
 Organizational Structure
 Activities of NPCB
 New Initiatives
 Eye Donation

5. DEFINITION OF BLINDNESS UNDER NPCB
 Inability of a person to count fingers from a distance of 6
meters or 20 feet.
 Vision 6/60 (Snellens) or less with the best possible
spectacle correction.
 WHO definition…..Vision 3/60 or less.
 Main causes of Blindness are
Cataract(62%), Refractive error(20%),
Glaucoma(6%),Posterior Segment Disorder(5%), Post
Capsular Opacification(1%), Corneal Blindness(1%), Surgical
Complications(1%) and Others(4%).

7. GLOBAL BURDEN OF BLINDNESS
As per WHO Statistics:-
 285 million people visually impaired worldwide
 39 million are blind & 246 million have low vision
 82 % of people living with blindness are aged 50 &
above.
 Globally uncorrected refractive errors are the main
cause of visual impairment.
 Cataract remain the leading cause of blindness in
middle & low income countries.
 80% of all visual impairment can be prevented or
cured.

8. NATIONAL BURDEN OF BLINDNESS
 Out of 39 million blind people across globe India has 8
million blind person.
 As per 2006-07 survey the prevalence of blindness was
1%.
 Prevalence of blindness-
1) > 50 years was 8.5%.
2) Childhood blindness is 0.8/1000.
3) Children 5-15 yrs the visual impairment is 6.4%.

9. CAUSES OF BLINDNESS
 In Developed countries :
1. Accident
2. Glaucoma
3. Diabetes Mellitus
4. Cataract
5. Vascular Diseases
6. Degeneration of ocular tissue
 In India
1. Cataract(62.6 %)
2. Uncorrected Refractive error (19.7%)
3. Glaucoma (5.8%)
4. Posterior segment pathology(4.7%)
5. Corneal opacity (0.9%)
6. Other causes (6.2%)

10.  Childhood Blindness
1. Xeropthalmia
2. Congenital cataract
3. Congenital Glaucoma
4. Optic atrophy

11. NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR CONTROL OF
BLINDNESS
INTRODUCTION
 India was the first country in the world to launch National
Level Blindness Control programme.
 NPCB was launched in 1976 as a 100% centrally
sponsored programme.
 In 1994-95 programme decentralized with formation of
District Blindness Control Society in each district.
 Goal- to reduce the prevalence of blindness from 1.4 to
0.3% .

12. OBJECTIVES OF NPCB
1)To continue 3 ongoing signature activities:-
 performance of 66 lacs cataracts operations
per year;
 school eye screening & distribution of 9 lacs
free spectacles per year for refractive errors;
 collection of 50 thousand donated eyes per
year for keratoplasty.
2)To reduce the backlog of avoidable blindness
through identification and treatment at primary,
secondary and tertiary levels.

13. Contd…….
3) To develop comprehensive universal eye care services
and quality service delivery.
4) Strengthening and upgradation of Regional Institutes
of Ophthalmology to Centre of Excellence in various sub-
specialities.
5) Strengthening of existing infrastructure facilities and to
develop additional human resources for providing eye
care in all districts.

14. Contd……..
6) To enhance community awareness on eye care.
7) To increase and expand research for prevention of
blindness and visual impairment.
8)To secure participation of voluntary
organizations/private practitioners in delivering eye care.

15. STRATEGIES OF PROGRAMME
 Continued emphasis on Free Cataract surgery through govt.
health care system and through NGOs & private sectors.
 Making the program ‘Comprehensive’ by including diseases other
than cataract - Diabetic Retinopathy; Glaucoma; Corneal Blindness;
Vitreo-Retinal surgery; Childhood Blindness etc.
 Active screening of population >50 yrs for cataract (reducing
backlog).
 Screening of children for refractive errors & provision of free glasses
to the needy.
 Coverage of underserved areas.
 Capacity building of eye care provider.

16.  IEC activities for creating awareness on eye care in the
community
 RIOs, Centre of Excellence and Medical Colleges to be
improved & strengthened.
 District hospitals also to be strengthened by upgrading
infrastructure and contractual staff & funds.
 Emphasis on primary eye care and establish vision
centers on all PHCs.
 Creating multipurpose district mobile ophthalmic units.

17. REVISED STRATEGIES
 More comprehensive by strengthening services for
other causes of blindness
 To shift from eye camp approach to fixed facility
surgical approach and from conventional surgery to
IOL implantation .
 To expand World Bank project.
 To strengthen the participation of Voluntary
organization in programme.
 To enhance coverage of eye care services in tribal and
other under serviced areas.

18. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

19. ACTIVITIES UNDER NPCB PROGRAMME
 Cataract operations
 Involvement of NGOs
 IEC activities
 Management Information System
 School Eye Screening Programme
 Collection and utilization of donated Eyes
 Control of Vitamin A deficiency
 Monitoring and Evaluation by survey

20. NEW INITIATIVES OF THE PROGRAM IN 12TH FIVE
YEAR PLAN .
 Distribution of free spectacles for near work to old
persons suffering from Presbyopia.
 Telemedicine in ophthalmology department
 Provision of multipurpose District Mobile Ophthalmic
Units in all districts all over the country.

21. Eye donation refers to the process of pledging
to donate one’s eyes after death.
Donated eyes are used for corneal blind patients
to restore their vision.
It is a voluntary act done for the benefit of
society.
EYE DONATION

22. COLLECTION AND UTILIZATION OF
DONATED EYES
 In world 40,000 eyes donated every year.
 Hospital retrieval programme- major strategy for
collection of eyes.
 Eye Donation Fortnight --25th Aug to 8th Sep

23.  Eye banks are the institutions responsible for collecting
(harvesting), evaluation and preservation of donor
corneas.
 To distribute the corneal tissue in an equitable manner for
Keratoplasty.
 To ensure safe transportation of tissue to the Keratoplasty
Center.
 Enable corneal research using eyes unsuitable for grafts.
 Increase public awareness on eye donation.
EYE BANK

24. 1. Donor selection
2. Tissue retrieval and storage
3. Tissue transportation
4. Corneal tissue examination
5. Distribution for transplantation
STEPS OF EYE DONATION

25. PLEDGE FORM FOR EYE DONATION

27. THANK YOU