Black box testing evaluates the functionality of software without knowledge of internal implementation. It focuses on inputs and outputs. Key black box techniques include boundary value analysis, equivalence partitioning, state transition testing, and graph-based testing. Black box testing has advantages like not requiring technical skills and lower false positives, but disadvantages like inability to test code complexity or integration. Functional and non-functional testing are the main types of black box testing.

1. software quality assurance
Submitted by:
ABDULLAH FAROOQ
UBAID-ULLAH
AHMED
Submitted to:
SIR ZEESHAN

2. Black Box Testing
Techniques, Examples and
Types

3. What is Black Box Testing
Black box testing refers to a software testing
method where the SUT (Software under Test)
functionality is tested without worrying about its
details of implementation, internal path
knowledge and internal code structure of the
software.

4. What is the purpose of Black Box Testing:
• Focuses on testing the complete functionality
of the system as well as its behavior.
• Black box testing are beneficial for the end
users who wish to perform software verification.

5. Techniques of BLACK BOX
Testing

6. BVA or Boundary Value Analysis:
• BVA helps in testing any software
having a boundary or extreme values.
• BVA is capable of identifying the flaws of the
limits of the input values rather than focusing
on the range of input value.

7. Equivalence Class Partitioning:
• BVA helps in testing any software having
a boundary or extreme values.
• BVA is capable of identifying the flaws of the
limits of the input values rather than focusing
on the range of input value.
• Boundary Value Analysis deals with the edge
or extreme output values.

8. State Transition Testing:
• This technique usually considers the state,
outputs and inputs of a system during a specific
period.
• It checks for the behavioral changes of a system
in a particular state or another state while
maintaining the same inputs

9. Graph-Based Testing:
• Graph based testing involves a graph drawing that
depicts the link between the causes (inputs) and
the effects (output), which trigger the effects..
• This testing utilizes different combinations of
output and inputs.

10. Error Guessing Technique:
• This testing utilizes different combinations of output
and inputs
• It is a helpful technique to understand the software’s
functional performance, as it visualizes the flow of inputs
and outputs in a lively fashion.

11. Types of Black Box Testing:
Functional Testing
• This type of Black box testing is useful for the testers in
identifying the functional requirements of a software or system.
• Functional testing is a type of testing that seeks to establish
whether each application feature works as per the software
requirements. Each function is compared to the corresponding
requirement to ascertain whether its output is consistent with the
end user’s expectations. The testing is done by providing sample
inputs, capturing resulting outputs, and verifying that actual outputs
are the same as expected outputs.

12. Non Functional Testing:
• This testing type is not connected with testing for any
specific functionality but relates to non-functional
parameters like usability, scalability and performance.
• Non functional testing is a type of software testing that
verifies non functional aspects of the product, such as
performance, stability, and usability.

13. Advantages of Black Box Testing:
1. Testers do not require technical knowledge, programming
or IT skills
2. Testers do not need to learn implementation details of
the system
3. Tests can be executed by crowdsourced or outsourced
testers
4. Low chance of false positives1.1’

14. Disadvantages of Black Box Testing:
1. Writing automated test cases is impossible with the
black box technique.
2. In the black box, since code is not getting tested, one
might not be able to find excess code or code of higher
time and space complexity.
3. Integration and data flow testing cannot be done in black
box testing.