The document discusses black-box and white-box testing techniques. For black-box testing, it describes equivalence class partitioning and boundary value analysis. For white-box testing, it covers statement coverage, branch coverage, path coverage, condition coverage, mutation testing, and data flow-based testing. It provides examples of how to apply equivalence class partitioning and test different types of code coverage.

2. Black-box Testing
0 Two main approaches to design black box test cases:
0 Equivalence class partitioning
0 Boundary value analysis
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3. Example
In a computer store, the computer item can have
a quantity between -500 to +500.
Define equivalence classes for above scenario?
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4. Solution
Valid class: -500 <= QTY <= +500
Invalid class: QTY > +500
Invalid class: QTY < -500
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5. Example
Account code can be 500 to 1000 or 0 to 499 or 2000 (the field type is
integer). What are the equivalence classes?
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6. Solution
Valid class: 0 <= account <= 499
Valid class: 500 <= account <= 1000
Valid class: 2000 <= account <= 2000
Invalid class: account < 0
Invalid class: 1000 < account < 2000
Invalid class: account > 2000
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7. Example
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11. White-Box Testing
There exist several popular white-box
testing methodologies:
0 Statement coverage
0 branch coverage
0 path coverage
0 condition coverage
0 mutation testing
0 data flow-based testing
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12. Statement Coverage
Objective:
0 All statements should be executed at least once
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13. Example
0 int f1(int x, int y){
0 1 while (x != y){
0 2 if (x>y) then
0 3 x=x-y;
0 4 else y=y-x;
0 5 }
0 6 return x; }
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14. Statement testing:: Test cases
0By choosing the test set
{(x=3,y=3),(x=4,y=3), (x=3,y=4)}
0All statements are executed at least
once.
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15. Branch Coverage
0Test cases are designed such
that:
0Different branch conditions
0Given true and false values in
turn.
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16. Branch Coverage
0Branch testing guarantees
statement coverage:
0A stronger testing compared to
the statement coverage-based
testing.
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17. Example
int f1(int x,int y){
1 while (x != y){
2 if (x>y) then
3 x=x-y;
4 else y=y-x;
5 }
6 return x; }
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18. Example
0 Test cases for branch coverage can
be:
{(x=3,y=3),(x=3,y=2), (x=4,y=3),
(x=3,y=4)}
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19. Condition Coverage
0 Test cases are designed such that:
0Each component of a composite
conditional expression
0Given both true and false values.
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20. Example
0 Consider the conditional
expression
0((c1.and.c2).or.c3):
0 Each of c1, c2, and c3 are
exercised at least once,
0i.e. given true and false values.
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