Bioremediation is the use of either naturally occurring or deliberately introduced microorganisms to consume and break down environmental pollutants, in order to clean a polluted site. and today we need our environment to be clean & lovable to stay healthy and secure future.

1. GOVT V.Y.T.PG. AUTONOMOUS
COLLEGE,DURG,
A SEMINAR ON
PRESENTED BY
SHIRIN ANWAR
M.SC. SECOND SEM
BIOTECHNOLOGY

2. CONTENT
 INTRODUCTION
 WHY WE NEED BIOREMEDIATION?
 ADVANTAGES OF BIOREMEDIATION
 BIOREMEDIATION TECHNIQUE
 IN-SITU TECHNIQUES
 EX-SITU TECHNIQUES
 PHYTOREMEDIATION
 MICRO-ORGANISMS USED IN BIOREMEDEDIATION
 DISADVANTAGES
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES

3. BIOREMEDIATION
Bioremediation refers to the process of using microorganisms to remove the
environment pollutants or prevent pollution.
The removal of organic wastes by microbes for environment clean-up is the
essence of bioremediation.
The other names used for bioremediation are bio-treatment and bio-
reclamation and bio-restoration.
WHY WE NEED BIOREMEDIATION FOR CONTAMINATED
SOIL AND WASTELAND?
Industrialization and increased use of chemicals in manufacturing processes
have resulted in the generation of a large amount of chemical wastes.
These waste products are most often being dumped on land and in water
bodies.
This continued dumping has definitely speeded up the process of land
pollution.

4. ADVANTAGES
Can be done on site
Minimum site disruption is caused
Elimination transportation costs and liabilities
Eliminates long-term liabilities
Uses biological system , often less expensive
Can be coupled with other treatment techniques
Safer than other methods of clean up
Less disruption of the environment.
Most approaches convert harmful pollutants into
relatively harmless materials such as carbon dioxide,
chloride, water ,and simple organic molecules.

5. 1-IN-SITU 2-EX-SITU 3-PHYTOREMEDIATION
BIOREMEDIATION ON LAND
LAND FARMING
BIOVENTING
BIOSPARGING/AIR SPARING
BIOAUGMENTATION
COMPOSTING
BIOPILE PROCESS
BIOREACTORS
PHYTOSTABILIZATION
PHYTOVOLATILIZATION
PHYTOEXTRACTION
PHYTOTRANSFORMATION
PHYTOSTIMULATION

6. IN SITU REMEDIATION TECHNIQUES
The contaminated ground water or land is treated in place without
excavation.

7. BIOREMEDIATION ON LAND
Depend on the area contaminated, the properties of the
compounds involved, the concentration of contaminants, time
required to complete the bioremediation .
The contamination can be treated on site or the contaminated
material excavated and treated on or off site.
If contaminated is water soluble a pump and treat techniques
used.
Introduced into contaminated areas and removed at another
site to be treated on or off site.

8. LAND FARMING
The simplest of the on-site treatment.
Involve mixing of the soil by ploughing or some form of mechanical
tilling.
Ploughing increases the oxygen levels in the soil and distributes
contaminated more evenly, which increases the rate of degradation.
Nutrients added to increase biodegradation
4-6 months required to remove contaminants such as PAHs
Method is best suited for shallow contamination of soil surface
Treatment area is lined and dammed to retain any contamination
Rate of degradation depends on the microbial pollution, the type and
level of contamination, and the soil type
Average half-life for the degradation of diesel fuel and heavy oils is in
the order of 54 days with this type of system.

9. LAND FARMING

10. BIOVENTING
In situ process, which combines an increased oxygen supply
with vapour extraction
A vacuum is applied at some depth in the contaminated soil
Employs low air flow rates and provides only the amount of
oxygen necessary for the biodegradation.
Nutrients supplementation can be provided by running
nutrients into trenches dug across the site
The increased supply of air will increase the rate of natural
degradation by the aerobic micro-organism.

12. BIOSPARGING/AIR SPARING
To increase the biological activity of soil by increasing the
supply of oxygen by sparing air or oxygen into the soil.
Supply of hydrogen peroxide-toxic at low concentration
to microbe.
Success depends on the structure of the soil.

13. BIOAUGMENTATION
Bioaugmentation is the addition of bacterial cultures
required to speed up the rate of degradation of a contaminant
The purpose of bioaugmentation is to supplement the
existing microbial community in order to improve its
functionality.
Bioaugmentation has been successfully performed by using
activated soil rather than pure cultures.

14. EX-SITU REMEDIATION TECHNIQUES
If the contaminated material is excavated it can be treated on
or off site, which is often a more rapid method of
decontaminating the area.

15. COMPOSTING
Solid phase treatment carried out after extraction
Composting materials such as straw, bark and wood chips is
mixed with the contaminated soil and piled into heaps
Process working the same way as normal system which rise the
temperature to 60⁰ C and above cause microbial activity
Higher temp encourages the growth of thermophilic bacteria
Increased costs of this type of system restrict it to highly
contaminated materials.
Organic materials added vegetable, fruit and garden waste added
at a concentration of 33-75%
Temp above 70⁰ C achieved after 6-22 days of incubation, with
turning every 7 days and 84-86% of the contamination was
removed by day 40 compared with 35% in untreated soil.

16. COMPOSTING FROM HOME AND GARDEN WASTE

17. BIOPILE PROCESS
Soil heaped into piles within a lined area to prevent leaching
Piles covered with polythene and liquid nutrients applied to thesurface
Aeration improved by applying suction to the base of the pile as in a
composting system.
Leachate collected by pipes at the base and recycled if necessary
Space limited.

18. BIOREACTOR
Soil extracted from a contaminated site
can be treated as a solid waste or a liquid
leachate in bioreactors of various designs.
Control of parameters such as temp, pH,
mixing and oxygen supply- improve
degradation rates.
Used for solid waste slurries can be solid-
bed, fluidized bed. And stirred tank
bioreactors.

19. PHYTOREMEDIATION

34. DISADVANTAGES OF BIOREMEDIATION
Bioremediation is limited to those compound that are
biodegradable. Not all compounds are susceptible to rapid and
complete degradation.
There are some concerns that the products of biodegradation
may be more persistent or toxic than the parent compound.
Biological processes are often highly specific. Microbial
populations, suitable environment growth conditions, and
appropriate levels of nutrients and contaminants.
It is difficult to extrapolate (deduce) from bench and pilot-scale
studies to fullscale field operations.
Bioremediation often takes longer than other treatment options.

35. CONCLUSION
•Although bioremediation’s secondary impact in the
future is unknown and is a slow process, it is believed to
have lesser impact as compared to physical and chemical
method but bioremediation is actually playing a huge role
in the environment clean up processes and can be done
in huge scale for further treatments.

36. REFERENCE
Bioremediation, its Application to Contaminated Sites in India,
Ministry of Environment and Forest.
Text book of Biotechnology – U. satyanarayana.
A text book of Biotechnology- R.C.Dubey.
http://www.nal.usda.gov/bic/biorem/biorem.htm.

37. THANKYOU