Biology - Chp 11 - Intro to Genetics - Study Guide
•Download as DOC, PDF•
2 likes•1,245 views
This document is a study guide for a chapter on genetics. It lists key genetics concepts and terms for students to learn, including Gregor Mendel's contributions, alleles, dominant and recessive traits, Punnett squares, genotypes and phenotypes. It also covers inheritance patterns like incomplete dominance, codominance, and multiple alleles. Students are asked to learn about meiosis, crossing over, gametes, and how characteristics can be influenced by gene-environment interactions.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Midterm ReviewQuestions1. What is the difference between prokar.docx
Midterm ReviewQuestions:
1. What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? What components do all cells have in common?
2. List the organelles found in a eukaryotic cell and their functions.
3. Compare mitosis and meiosis. What is the purpose of mitosis? meiosis? which process produces exact copies?
4. Which process produces genetic diversity? describe the ways genetic diversity is produced during the process.
5. Which process has one duplication and two divisions?
6. Which process produces haploid gametes for sexual reproduction?
7. Humans have 46 chromosomes. Is this a haploid or diploid number?
8. How many X chromosomes does a human female possess?
9. Why are men more prone to X-linked traits?
10. What is the difference between phenotype and genotype?
11. Explain the difference between dominant and recessive; are dominant more commonly observed in nature?
12. Give examples of homozygous recessive alleles, homozygous dominant alleles and heterozygous alleles.
13. Explain the pH scale and what constitutes an acid/base/neutral. Chemically, what do acids and bases do? What does a buffer do?
14. Explain covalent versus ionic bonding. How do they differ? Give examples of each and explain how they differ with regard to electrons.
15. What are the monomers of starch? What are the monomers of nucleic acids? What are the monomers of proteins? How are the monomers joined to form polymers?
16. Discuss the qualities of water that make it unique and why hydrogen bonds are responsible.
17. What are the different types of lipids and what do they have in common?
18. Where do we find a plasma membrane?
19. What makes up the plasma membrane? list and discuss the components of the plasma membrane.
20. How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ with regard to their DNA?
21. Define haploid versus diploid. If the haploid number is 5 what is the diploid number?
22. What is a karyotype?
23. What is another word for Trisomy 21.
24. Discuss transcription and translation. What is happening in each process? Where do they occur?
25. If DNA codes for RNA what does RNA code for?
26. What is a codon?
27. Codons are translated into ___________?
28. What is the primary level of protein structure?
29. Do all proteins have quaternary structure?
30. How many segments of the genetic code translate to an amino acid? a start? a stop?
31. What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
32. Compare and contrast DNA and RNA in structure, sugar, function and bases.
33. What is semi-conservative replication?
34. If G-C-T-A-C-G-T-T-A is a DNA strand what is the complementary DNA strand?
35. For the same DNA strand list the RNA transcript and translate it using the genetic code
...
Assignment 4BIO 151 Summer 2016Upload by Sunday, June 12t.docx
Assignment 4 BIO 151 Summer 2016
Upload by Sunday, June 12th at 11:00 PM
CHAPTER 12: THE CELL CYCLE
1.Define genome:
2. What is the difference between DNA in the chromatin form and the chromosome form? What form is DNA in during most of the cell cycle?
3. What is the difference between the centromere and the kinetochore?
4. What happens during each of these phases of the cell cycle?
G1:
S:
G2:
M:
5. The mitotic spindle is mainly made of what type of protein fiber?
6. How does cytokinesis differ between plant and animal cells?
7. Is binary fission truly mitosis? What type of organisms use binary fission for reproduction? Is this process sexual or asexual?
8. Draw/depict the phases of mitosis from prophase to the end of cytokinesis for an animal cell containing a total of six chromosomes.
9. What is the cell cycle control system and why is it important?
10. What happens to most mammal cells when they reach the G1 checkpoint?
11. Explain how MPF helps to regulate the cell cycle. (See Fig 12.16)
12. What is a growth factor? Provide an example from the chapter.
13. What does cancer have to do with the cell cycle?
14. Explain why each of the following would undergo mitosis:
An early embryo:
An amoeba:
Skin cells:
A broken bone:
15. How is prokaryotic DNA different from eukaryotic DNA?
16. Are the daughter cells produced by mitosis clones of the parent cell?
17. When mitosis is used for reproduction, is it sexual or asexual? What type(s) of organisms use mitosis for reproduction?
CHAPTER 13: MEIOSIS & SEXUAL LIFE CYCLES
1.Define:
Gene
Allele
Locus
Gametes
Somatic cells
2. What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction (in terms of number of parents, and variation in offspring)?
3. What is the difference between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids? (Where do they “come from”? Are they identical?)
4. What are autosomes? How many pairs of autosomes do humans have?
5. Meiosis produces gametes.
What are gametes used for?
What is the union of gametes called?
The union of gametes creates what?
6. What is the difference between cells that are haploid and cells that are diploid?
Are gametes haploid or diploid?
Are somatic cells haploid or diploid?
7. Do the following eukaryotes primarily reproduce sexually or asexually?
Animals:
Plants:
Fungi:
8. How many daughter cells does meiosis produce?
Are they diploid or haploid?
Are they clones of the parent cell?
9. Draw/depict Meiosis Prophase I and Metaphase I for three pairs of chromosomes:
10. What happens during synapsis? Does synapsis happen during mitosis?
11. What are three things that happen during meiosis but not mitosis? (See P.260)
12. What is independent assortment of chromosomes? During which phase of meiosis does this occur?
13. If a cell undergoing meiosis has a haploid number of ...
Assignment 4BIO 151 Summer 2016Upload by Sunday, July 24t.docx
Assignment 4 BIO 151 Summer 2016
Upload by Sunday, July 24th at 11:00 PM
CHAPTER 12: THE CELL CYCLE
1.Define genome:
2. What is the difference between DNA in the chromatin form and the chromosome form? What form is DNA in during most of the cell cycle?
3. What is the difference between the centromere and the kinetochore?
4. What happens during each of these phases of the cell cycle?
G1:
S:
G2:
M:
5. The mitotic spindle is mainly made of what type of protein fiber?
6. How does cytokinesis differ between plant and animal cells?
7. Is binary fission truly mitosis? What type of organisms use binary fission for reproduction? Is this process sexual or asexual?
8. Draw/depict the phases of mitosis from prophase to the end of cytokinesis for an animal cell containing a total of six chromosomes.
9. What is the cell cycle control system and why is it important?
10. What happens to most mammal cells when they reach the G1 checkpoint?
11. Explain how MPF helps to regulate the cell cycle. (See Fig 12.16)
12. What is a growth factor? Provide an example from the chapter.
13. What does cancer have to do with the cell cycle?
14. Explain why each of the following would undergo mitosis:
An early embryo:
An amoeba:
Skin cells:
A broken bone:
15. How is prokaryotic DNA different from eukaryotic DNA?
16. Are the daughter cells produced by mitosis clones of the parent cell?
17. When mitosis is used for reproduction, is it sexual or asexual? What type(s) of organisms use mitosis for reproduction?
CHAPTER 13: MEIOSIS & SEXUAL LIFE CYCLES
1.Define:
Gene
Allele
Locus
Gametes
Somatic cells
2. What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction (in terms of number of parents, and variation in offspring)?
3. What is the difference between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids? (Where do they “come from”? Are they identical?)
4. What are autosomes? How many pairs of autosomes do humans have?
5. Meiosis produces gametes.
What are gametes used for?
What is the union of gametes called?
The union of gametes creates what?
6. What is the difference between cells that are haploid and cells that are diploid?
Are gametes haploid or diploid?
Are somatic cells haploid or diploid?
7. Do the following eukaryotes primarily reproduce sexually or asexually?
Animals:
Plants:
Fungi:
8. How many daughter cells does meiosis produce?
Are they diploid or haploid?
Are they clones of the parent cell?
9. Draw/depict Meiosis Prophase I and Metaphase I for three pairs of chromosomes:
10. What happens during synapsis? Does synapsis happen during mitosis?
11. What are three things that happen during meiosis but not mitosis? (See P.260)
12. What is independent assortment of chromosomes? During which phase of meiosis does this occur?
13. If a cell undergoing meiosis has a haploid number of ...
Higher Order Thinking Skills.pptx
Higher Order Thinking Skills concept, perception, sample questions etc.
Recommended
Midterm ReviewQuestions1. What is the difference between prokar.docx
Midterm ReviewQuestions:
1. What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? What components do all cells have in common?
2. List the organelles found in a eukaryotic cell and their functions.
3. Compare mitosis and meiosis. What is the purpose of mitosis? meiosis? which process produces exact copies?
4. Which process produces genetic diversity? describe the ways genetic diversity is produced during the process.
5. Which process has one duplication and two divisions?
6. Which process produces haploid gametes for sexual reproduction?
7. Humans have 46 chromosomes. Is this a haploid or diploid number?
8. How many X chromosomes does a human female possess?
9. Why are men more prone to X-linked traits?
10. What is the difference between phenotype and genotype?
11. Explain the difference between dominant and recessive; are dominant more commonly observed in nature?
12. Give examples of homozygous recessive alleles, homozygous dominant alleles and heterozygous alleles.
13. Explain the pH scale and what constitutes an acid/base/neutral. Chemically, what do acids and bases do? What does a buffer do?
14. Explain covalent versus ionic bonding. How do they differ? Give examples of each and explain how they differ with regard to electrons.
15. What are the monomers of starch? What are the monomers of nucleic acids? What are the monomers of proteins? How are the monomers joined to form polymers?
16. Discuss the qualities of water that make it unique and why hydrogen bonds are responsible.
17. What are the different types of lipids and what do they have in common?
18. Where do we find a plasma membrane?
19. What makes up the plasma membrane? list and discuss the components of the plasma membrane.
20. How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ with regard to their DNA?
21. Define haploid versus diploid. If the haploid number is 5 what is the diploid number?
22. What is a karyotype?
23. What is another word for Trisomy 21.
24. Discuss transcription and translation. What is happening in each process? Where do they occur?
25. If DNA codes for RNA what does RNA code for?
26. What is a codon?
27. Codons are translated into ___________?
28. What is the primary level of protein structure?
29. Do all proteins have quaternary structure?
30. How many segments of the genetic code translate to an amino acid? a start? a stop?
31. What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
32. Compare and contrast DNA and RNA in structure, sugar, function and bases.
33. What is semi-conservative replication?
34. If G-C-T-A-C-G-T-T-A is a DNA strand what is the complementary DNA strand?
35. For the same DNA strand list the RNA transcript and translate it using the genetic code
...
Assignment 4BIO 151 Summer 2016Upload by Sunday, June 12t.docx
Assignment 4 BIO 151 Summer 2016
Upload by Sunday, June 12th at 11:00 PM
CHAPTER 12: THE CELL CYCLE
1.Define genome:
2. What is the difference between DNA in the chromatin form and the chromosome form? What form is DNA in during most of the cell cycle?
3. What is the difference between the centromere and the kinetochore?
4. What happens during each of these phases of the cell cycle?
G1:
S:
G2:
M:
5. The mitotic spindle is mainly made of what type of protein fiber?
6. How does cytokinesis differ between plant and animal cells?
7. Is binary fission truly mitosis? What type of organisms use binary fission for reproduction? Is this process sexual or asexual?
8. Draw/depict the phases of mitosis from prophase to the end of cytokinesis for an animal cell containing a total of six chromosomes.
9. What is the cell cycle control system and why is it important?
10. What happens to most mammal cells when they reach the G1 checkpoint?
11. Explain how MPF helps to regulate the cell cycle. (See Fig 12.16)
12. What is a growth factor? Provide an example from the chapter.
13. What does cancer have to do with the cell cycle?
14. Explain why each of the following would undergo mitosis:
An early embryo:
An amoeba:
Skin cells:
A broken bone:
15. How is prokaryotic DNA different from eukaryotic DNA?
16. Are the daughter cells produced by mitosis clones of the parent cell?
17. When mitosis is used for reproduction, is it sexual or asexual? What type(s) of organisms use mitosis for reproduction?
CHAPTER 13: MEIOSIS & SEXUAL LIFE CYCLES
1.Define:
Gene
Allele
Locus
Gametes
Somatic cells
2. What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction (in terms of number of parents, and variation in offspring)?
3. What is the difference between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids? (Where do they “come from”? Are they identical?)
4. What are autosomes? How many pairs of autosomes do humans have?
5. Meiosis produces gametes.
What are gametes used for?
What is the union of gametes called?
The union of gametes creates what?
6. What is the difference between cells that are haploid and cells that are diploid?
Are gametes haploid or diploid?
Are somatic cells haploid or diploid?
7. Do the following eukaryotes primarily reproduce sexually or asexually?
Animals:
Plants:
Fungi:
8. How many daughter cells does meiosis produce?
Are they diploid or haploid?
Are they clones of the parent cell?
9. Draw/depict Meiosis Prophase I and Metaphase I for three pairs of chromosomes:
10. What happens during synapsis? Does synapsis happen during mitosis?
11. What are three things that happen during meiosis but not mitosis? (See P.260)
12. What is independent assortment of chromosomes? During which phase of meiosis does this occur?
13. If a cell undergoing meiosis has a haploid number of ...
Assignment 4BIO 151 Summer 2016Upload by Sunday, July 24t.docx
Assignment 4 BIO 151 Summer 2016
Upload by Sunday, July 24th at 11:00 PM
CHAPTER 12: THE CELL CYCLE
1.Define genome:
2. What is the difference between DNA in the chromatin form and the chromosome form? What form is DNA in during most of the cell cycle?
3. What is the difference between the centromere and the kinetochore?
4. What happens during each of these phases of the cell cycle?
G1:
S:
G2:
M:
5. The mitotic spindle is mainly made of what type of protein fiber?
6. How does cytokinesis differ between plant and animal cells?
7. Is binary fission truly mitosis? What type of organisms use binary fission for reproduction? Is this process sexual or asexual?
8. Draw/depict the phases of mitosis from prophase to the end of cytokinesis for an animal cell containing a total of six chromosomes.
9. What is the cell cycle control system and why is it important?
10. What happens to most mammal cells when they reach the G1 checkpoint?
11. Explain how MPF helps to regulate the cell cycle. (See Fig 12.16)
12. What is a growth factor? Provide an example from the chapter.
13. What does cancer have to do with the cell cycle?
14. Explain why each of the following would undergo mitosis:
An early embryo:
An amoeba:
Skin cells:
A broken bone:
15. How is prokaryotic DNA different from eukaryotic DNA?
16. Are the daughter cells produced by mitosis clones of the parent cell?
17. When mitosis is used for reproduction, is it sexual or asexual? What type(s) of organisms use mitosis for reproduction?
CHAPTER 13: MEIOSIS & SEXUAL LIFE CYCLES
1.Define:
Gene
Allele
Locus
Gametes
Somatic cells
2. What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction (in terms of number of parents, and variation in offspring)?
3. What is the difference between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids? (Where do they “come from”? Are they identical?)
4. What are autosomes? How many pairs of autosomes do humans have?
5. Meiosis produces gametes.
What are gametes used for?
What is the union of gametes called?
The union of gametes creates what?
6. What is the difference between cells that are haploid and cells that are diploid?
Are gametes haploid or diploid?
Are somatic cells haploid or diploid?
7. Do the following eukaryotes primarily reproduce sexually or asexually?
Animals:
Plants:
Fungi:
8. How many daughter cells does meiosis produce?
Are they diploid or haploid?
Are they clones of the parent cell?
9. Draw/depict Meiosis Prophase I and Metaphase I for three pairs of chromosomes:
10. What happens during synapsis? Does synapsis happen during mitosis?
11. What are three things that happen during meiosis but not mitosis? (See P.260)
12. What is independent assortment of chromosomes? During which phase of meiosis does this occur?
13. If a cell undergoing meiosis has a haploid number of ...
Higher Order Thinking Skills.pptx
Higher Order Thinking Skills concept, perception, sample questions etc.
Lecture 6 – Integumentary SystemEssentials of Anatomy and Physio.docx
Lecture 6 – Integumentary System
Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology
Review Questions, Spring 2015
Student objectives:
1. Discuss the role of the skin in the protection of the body from disease and external injury, and the regulation of body fluids and temperature, absorption, synthesis, sensory reception and communication
2. Discuss the functions of skin, hair, glands and nails
3. Name the glands of the skin and describe the secretions they produce
4. Describe the structure and function of the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis
5. Explain how melanin, carotene, blood and collagen affect skin color
Review questions:
1. Name the components of the integumentary system.
2. What functions does the Integumentary system serve?
3. In what ways does the integumentary system provide protection?
4. What are the layers of the Integumentary system? What components does each layer have/lack?
5. Why is it important that the epidermis serve as a barrier against UV rays, yet not block them out completely?
6. What kind of tissue is the epidermis? Where are new cells formed? From where are they sloughed (ie. Gotten rid of)?
7. Define keratinization. What role does keratinization play?
8. Name the cells that produce melanin. What role does melanin play?
9. Describe the factors that determine the amount of melanin produced in the skin.
10. Explain the differences in skin color between individuals and in different parts of the body.
11. What structure aids to protect us from UV damage to our nuclei? What is skin cancer, what kinds are there and how can we prevent it?
12. What type of tissue is the dermis? What is responsible for its structural strength? How does the dermis supply the epidermis with blood?
13. What type of tissue is the hypodermis and what are its functions?
14. What does it mean that a structure is a “skin derivative”?
15. Briefly describe the structure of hair. What part of hair is the site of hair growth? Is most of the hair alive or dead?
16. What happens when the arrector pili of the skin contract?
17. What roles do the sebaceous and sweat glands play. How are these glands similar/different?
18. What functions does each of the above types of glands provide?
19. Why is it that sweat is sometimes smelly?
20. What are nails made up of? Describe the structure of the nail and where it grows from. What purpose do nails serve?
21. Explain the role of the Integumentary system in wound healing. How does a wound heal? At what level does healing begin? Where does the blood come from when you receive a wound? Where do new cells come from? What if you don’t bleed when you cut yourself, what does that mean?
22. List the steps of wound healing and explain what is occurring in each.
1
Lecture 5: The Tissue Level of Organization
Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology
Review questions, Spring 2015
Student objectives:
1. Define histology and tissue
2. Describe the functional relationship between cells and tissues
3. Describe the gener ...
Assignment 6BIO 151 Summer 2016Upload by Friday, June 24t.docx
Assignment 6 BIO 151 Summer 2016
Upload by Friday, June 24th at 12:00 PM
CHAPTER 11: CELL COMMUNICATION
1. Define the 3 stages of cell signaling:
1) Reception –
2) Transduction –
3) Response –
2. Explain the two main types of direct contact (the 1st type has different name for plants/animals; 2nd type is just found in animals – see Fig11.4):
1) Plants:
Animals:
2) Animals:
3. What is local signaling? What is an example of this?
4. What are hormones? What type of signaling are they involved in?
5. Define: Ligand –
Target cell –
6. Are signal receptors general (will they bind a variety of different signals) or are they very specific?
7. Where are intracellular receptors found?
What types of molecules bind to intracellular receptors? Why must these signals have those characteristics?
8. When a cell surface receptor receives a signal, what generally happens to the receptor? Use the ion-gated receptors as an example.
9. What is a signal transduction pathway?
Having multiple steps in the pathway provides what two things?
What are relay molecules?
Is the actual original signal passed along the pathway?
10. What are second messengers? Where do they function?
The two most common second messengers are:
1) 2)
11. Is the calcium ion concentration higher inside or outside the cell? Why? (What does the cell do to create this gradient?)
12. If the final activated molecule in a signal transduction pathway is a
__________________________________________, then the response is turning genes on or off.
13. If hormones are spread all around the body in the bloodstream, then why do only certain cell types respond to certain hormones?
CHAPTER 19: VIRUSES
1.Why are viruses generally not considered to be living organisms?
2. What is the general structure of a virus? What is a capsid?
3. Viruses are classified by their type of genetic material. (See Table 19.1) What are the different forms of genetic material that viruses can have?
4. Phages infect what type of host? Draw/depict a simple phage.
5. What does it mean that viruses have a host range?
6. Some viral infections (such as polio) cause permanent cell damage, while others (such as colds) do not. What determines this difference?
7. What does it mean that viruses are obligate intracellular parasites? What things does the host cell provide for the virus to reproduce?
8. Why can’t RNA viruses use the cell’s enzymes to replicate their viral RNA? So what else do these viruses have to bring into the host cell?
9. Why can HIV not be cured? What type of human cells does HIV infect?
What is a retrovirus?
What is reverse transcriptase?
10. What are restriction enzymes and what type of organism has these as defense against viruses?
11. Do antibiotics kill viruses?
12. What is an emerging virus?
Where do emerging viruses come from ...
1. What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote cell
1. What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote cell?
2. Draw a eukaryote cell. Label and give the function of its main parts.
3. What is a somatic cell?
4. What is a sex cell called?
5. What is meant by ‘genome’?
6. What does it mean when we say that every organism’s DNA is homoplasmic?
7. What structures in DNA turn food molecules into ATP, the high-energy molecule that powers cells and in turn, powers every tissue in the body?
8. Why is DNA considered to be the body’s ‘genetic code’ or the ‘blueprint for life’?
9. What is a chromosome? During which process do chromosomes appear?
10. In somatic cells chromosomes occur in
homologous pairs
. One is the maternal chromosome and contains the DNA or genetic information from the mother, the other is the ___________chromosome and contains the DNA from the _________.
11. Within each chromosome, DNA molecules form a sequence or code that is a template for the production of a protein, or part of a protein. Each protein has a specific function, and collectively proteins determine all physical characteristics and govern the functions of all ________, ________ and organs in the body.
12. Each protein generating code is a gene. The complete set of genes is called the ________.
13. Where in a cell is its DNA?
14. “The genetic code, DNA, is universal.” Explain
15. On a separate page:
a.
Draw
a DNA molecule and label the parts
b.
Draw
and label a nucleotide.
16. How does a DNA molecule replicate itself?
Describe and draw
the process.
17. How do somatic cells replicate themselves?
Describe (or draw)
the process.
18. Which cells divide through meiosis?
Describe
(or draw)
the process of meiosis.
19. What is the evolutionary significance of meiosis?
20. What can go wrong during meiosis?
21. Study Figure 3.14.
Which of Gregor Mendel’s laws does it demonstrate?
What does the Punnett Square demonstrate?
Understand figures a and b thoroughly enough to explain it to the class.
22. ‘Linkage’ is an exception to Mendel’s second law. How does linkage work?
23. Chromosomes come in pairs. All normal human somatic cells have 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. How many pairs are there in all?
24. To function normally each human cell has to have both members of each chromosome pair, with a total of how many chromosomes?
25. What can happen if a fetus doesn’t have the correct number of chromosomes?
26. Offspring inherit one member of each
chromosomal pair
from the father and one from the _______.
27. Are partner chromosomes genetically identical? Explain
28. What is a karyotype?
29. Does the genetic information carried by chromosome partners govern the same or different traits?
30. How many pairs of chromosomes are there in a somatic cell (diploid)?
31. How many chromosomes are there in a gamete (sex cell) (haploid)?
32. What is the female’s gamete called? What is the father’s gamete called?
33. Every female ga ...
Essay About Can Money Buy Happiness. Essay About C
Assignment Writing Service
http://HelpWriting.net/-Essay-About-Can-Money-Buy-Happiness.-E 👈
Written questions on General Pathology for 4th year MBBS students.
General Pathology questions for 4th year MBBS students.
How To Write A Good Essay Paper On A Book - Full Gui
Custom Writing Service
http://HelpWriting.net/How-To-Write-A-Good-Essay-Paper-On-A-Bo 👈
More Related Content
Similar to Biology - Chp 11 - Intro to Genetics - Study Guide
Lecture 6 – Integumentary SystemEssentials of Anatomy and Physio.docx
Lecture 6 – Integumentary System
Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology
Review Questions, Spring 2015
Student objectives:
1. Discuss the role of the skin in the protection of the body from disease and external injury, and the regulation of body fluids and temperature, absorption, synthesis, sensory reception and communication
2. Discuss the functions of skin, hair, glands and nails
3. Name the glands of the skin and describe the secretions they produce
4. Describe the structure and function of the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis
5. Explain how melanin, carotene, blood and collagen affect skin color
Review questions:
1. Name the components of the integumentary system.
2. What functions does the Integumentary system serve?
3. In what ways does the integumentary system provide protection?
4. What are the layers of the Integumentary system? What components does each layer have/lack?
5. Why is it important that the epidermis serve as a barrier against UV rays, yet not block them out completely?
6. What kind of tissue is the epidermis? Where are new cells formed? From where are they sloughed (ie. Gotten rid of)?
7. Define keratinization. What role does keratinization play?
8. Name the cells that produce melanin. What role does melanin play?
9. Describe the factors that determine the amount of melanin produced in the skin.
10. Explain the differences in skin color between individuals and in different parts of the body.
11. What structure aids to protect us from UV damage to our nuclei? What is skin cancer, what kinds are there and how can we prevent it?
12. What type of tissue is the dermis? What is responsible for its structural strength? How does the dermis supply the epidermis with blood?
13. What type of tissue is the hypodermis and what are its functions?
14. What does it mean that a structure is a “skin derivative”?
15. Briefly describe the structure of hair. What part of hair is the site of hair growth? Is most of the hair alive or dead?
16. What happens when the arrector pili of the skin contract?
17. What roles do the sebaceous and sweat glands play. How are these glands similar/different?
18. What functions does each of the above types of glands provide?
19. Why is it that sweat is sometimes smelly?
20. What are nails made up of? Describe the structure of the nail and where it grows from. What purpose do nails serve?
21. Explain the role of the Integumentary system in wound healing. How does a wound heal? At what level does healing begin? Where does the blood come from when you receive a wound? Where do new cells come from? What if you don’t bleed when you cut yourself, what does that mean?
22. List the steps of wound healing and explain what is occurring in each.
1
Lecture 5: The Tissue Level of Organization
Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology
Review questions, Spring 2015
Student objectives:
1. Define histology and tissue
2. Describe the functional relationship between cells and tissues
3. Describe the gener ...
Assignment 6BIO 151 Summer 2016Upload by Friday, June 24t.docx
Assignment 6 BIO 151 Summer 2016
Upload by Friday, June 24th at 12:00 PM
CHAPTER 11: CELL COMMUNICATION
1. Define the 3 stages of cell signaling:
1) Reception –
2) Transduction –
3) Response –
2. Explain the two main types of direct contact (the 1st type has different name for plants/animals; 2nd type is just found in animals – see Fig11.4):
1) Plants:
Animals:
2) Animals:
3. What is local signaling? What is an example of this?
4. What are hormones? What type of signaling are they involved in?
5. Define: Ligand –
Target cell –
6. Are signal receptors general (will they bind a variety of different signals) or are they very specific?
7. Where are intracellular receptors found?
What types of molecules bind to intracellular receptors? Why must these signals have those characteristics?
8. When a cell surface receptor receives a signal, what generally happens to the receptor? Use the ion-gated receptors as an example.
9. What is a signal transduction pathway?
Having multiple steps in the pathway provides what two things?
What are relay molecules?
Is the actual original signal passed along the pathway?
10. What are second messengers? Where do they function?
The two most common second messengers are:
1) 2)
11. Is the calcium ion concentration higher inside or outside the cell? Why? (What does the cell do to create this gradient?)
12. If the final activated molecule in a signal transduction pathway is a
__________________________________________, then the response is turning genes on or off.
13. If hormones are spread all around the body in the bloodstream, then why do only certain cell types respond to certain hormones?
CHAPTER 19: VIRUSES
1.Why are viruses generally not considered to be living organisms?
2. What is the general structure of a virus? What is a capsid?
3. Viruses are classified by their type of genetic material. (See Table 19.1) What are the different forms of genetic material that viruses can have?
4. Phages infect what type of host? Draw/depict a simple phage.
5. What does it mean that viruses have a host range?
6. Some viral infections (such as polio) cause permanent cell damage, while others (such as colds) do not. What determines this difference?
7. What does it mean that viruses are obligate intracellular parasites? What things does the host cell provide for the virus to reproduce?
8. Why can’t RNA viruses use the cell’s enzymes to replicate their viral RNA? So what else do these viruses have to bring into the host cell?
9. Why can HIV not be cured? What type of human cells does HIV infect?
What is a retrovirus?
What is reverse transcriptase?
10. What are restriction enzymes and what type of organism has these as defense against viruses?
11. Do antibiotics kill viruses?
12. What is an emerging virus?
Where do emerging viruses come from ...
1. What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote cell
1. What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote cell?
2. Draw a eukaryote cell. Label and give the function of its main parts.
3. What is a somatic cell?
4. What is a sex cell called?
5. What is meant by ‘genome’?
6. What does it mean when we say that every organism’s DNA is homoplasmic?
7. What structures in DNA turn food molecules into ATP, the high-energy molecule that powers cells and in turn, powers every tissue in the body?
8. Why is DNA considered to be the body’s ‘genetic code’ or the ‘blueprint for life’?
9. What is a chromosome? During which process do chromosomes appear?
10. In somatic cells chromosomes occur in
homologous pairs
. One is the maternal chromosome and contains the DNA or genetic information from the mother, the other is the ___________chromosome and contains the DNA from the _________.
11. Within each chromosome, DNA molecules form a sequence or code that is a template for the production of a protein, or part of a protein. Each protein has a specific function, and collectively proteins determine all physical characteristics and govern the functions of all ________, ________ and organs in the body.
12. Each protein generating code is a gene. The complete set of genes is called the ________.
13. Where in a cell is its DNA?
14. “The genetic code, DNA, is universal.” Explain
15. On a separate page:
a.
Draw
a DNA molecule and label the parts
b.
Draw
and label a nucleotide.
16. How does a DNA molecule replicate itself?
Describe and draw
the process.
17. How do somatic cells replicate themselves?
Describe (or draw)
the process.
18. Which cells divide through meiosis?
Describe
(or draw)
the process of meiosis.
19. What is the evolutionary significance of meiosis?
20. What can go wrong during meiosis?
21. Study Figure 3.14.
Which of Gregor Mendel’s laws does it demonstrate?
What does the Punnett Square demonstrate?
Understand figures a and b thoroughly enough to explain it to the class.
22. ‘Linkage’ is an exception to Mendel’s second law. How does linkage work?
23. Chromosomes come in pairs. All normal human somatic cells have 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. How many pairs are there in all?
24. To function normally each human cell has to have both members of each chromosome pair, with a total of how many chromosomes?
25. What can happen if a fetus doesn’t have the correct number of chromosomes?
26. Offspring inherit one member of each
chromosomal pair
from the father and one from the _______.
27. Are partner chromosomes genetically identical? Explain
28. What is a karyotype?
29. Does the genetic information carried by chromosome partners govern the same or different traits?
30. How many pairs of chromosomes are there in a somatic cell (diploid)?
31. How many chromosomes are there in a gamete (sex cell) (haploid)?
32. What is the female’s gamete called? What is the father’s gamete called?
33. Every female ga ...
Essay About Can Money Buy Happiness. Essay About C
Assignment Writing Service
http://HelpWriting.net/-Essay-About-Can-Money-Buy-Happiness.-E 👈
Written questions on General Pathology for 4th year MBBS students.
General Pathology questions for 4th year MBBS students.
How To Write A Good Essay Paper On A Book - Full Gui
Custom Writing Service
http://HelpWriting.net/How-To-Write-A-Good-Essay-Paper-On-A-Bo 👈
Similar to Biology - Chp 11 - Intro to Genetics - Study Guide (20)
Dna And Protein Synthesis Review Internet Activity
Dna And Protein Synthesis Review Internet Activity
Lecture 6 – Integumentary SystemEssentials of Anatomy and Physio.docx
Lecture 6 – Integumentary SystemEssentials of Anatomy and Physio.docx
Assignment 6BIO 151 Summer 2016Upload by Friday, June 24t.docx
Assignment 6BIO 151 Summer 2016Upload by Friday, June 24t.docx
1. What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote cell
1. What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote cell
Essay About Can Money Buy Happiness. Essay About C
Essay About Can Money Buy Happiness. Essay About C
Written questions on General Pathology for 4th year MBBS students.
Written questions on General Pathology for 4th year MBBS students.
Mendel's laws of heredity part 1 (pp.253-254) - answer key
Mendel's laws of heredity part 1 (pp.253-254) - answer key
How To Write A Good Essay Paper On A Book - Full Gui
How To Write A Good Essay Paper On A Book - Full Gui
More from Mr. Walajtys
More from Mr. Walajtys (20)
Chemistry - Chp 20 - Oxidation Reduction Reactions - PowerPoint
Chemistry - Chp 20 - Oxidation Reduction Reactions - PowerPoint
Chemistry - Chp 19 - Acids, Bases, and Salt - PowerPoints
Chemistry - Chp 19 - Acids, Bases, and Salt - PowerPoints
Chemistry - Chp 11 - Chemical Reactions - PowerPoint
Chemistry - Chp 11 - Chemical Reactions - PowerPoint
Chemistry - Chp 10 - Chemical Quantities - PowerPoint
Chemistry - Chp 10 - Chemical Quantities - PowerPoint
Chemistry - Chp 7 - Ionic and Metallic Bonding - PowerPoint
Chemistry - Chp 7 - Ionic and Metallic Bonding - PowerPoint
Chemistry - Chp 8 - Covalent Bonding - Study Guide
Chemistry - Chp 8 - Covalent Bonding - Study Guide
Chemistry - Chp 13 - States of Matter - Study Guide
Chemistry - Chp 13 - States of Matter - Study Guide
Chemistry - Chp 3 - Scientific Measurement - Study Guide
Chemistry - Chp 3 - Scientific Measurement - Study Guide
Chemistry - Chp 14 - The Behavior of Gases - Study Guide
Chemistry - Chp 14 - The Behavior of Gases - Study Guide
Chemistry - Chp 20 - Oxidation Reduction - Study Guide
Chemistry - Chp 20 - Oxidation Reduction - Study Guide
Chemistry- Chp 18 - Reaction Rates and Equilibrium - Study Guide
Chemistry- Chp 18 - Reaction Rates and Equilibrium - Study Guide
Recently uploaded
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Polish students' mobility in the Czech Republic
Polish students mobility to the Czech Republic within eTwinning project "Medieval adventures with Marco Polo"
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptx
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Answers to Home assignment on UV-Visible spectroscopy: Calculation of wavelength of UV-Visible absorption
The approach at University of Liverpool.pptx
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI funded books
Wednesday 22 May 2024, 14:00-15:00.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdf
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS.
Biological Screening of Herbal Drugs in detailed.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
CACJapan - GROUP Presentation 1- Wk 4.pdf
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
This Presentation in details discusses on Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
The geography of Taylor Swift - some ideas
Geographical themes connected with Taylor Swift's ERAS tour - coming to the UK in June 2024
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
This ppt include the description of the edible vaccine i.e. a new concept over the traditional vaccine administered by injection.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Recently uploaded (20)
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Biology - Chp 11 - Intro to Genetics - Study Guide
- 1. Name _________________________________ Date ____________________ Per _____ Chapter 11 Introduction to Genetics Study Guide 1. What is genetics? 2. Who is Gregor Mendel and why is he important? 3. What is a true breeding plant? 4. What is an allele? 5. What is a dominant allele? How do you write a dominant allele? 6. What is a recessive allele? How do you write a recessive allele? 7. What is a Punnett square? 8. What is a homozygous organism? How do you write a homozygous genotype? 9. What is a heterozygous organism? How do you write a heterozygous genotype? 10. What is a phenotype? 11. What is a genotype? 12. Be able to do basic Punnett Squares and describe the results in a ratio 13. Independent Assortment 14. What are genes? Where are they located? 15. Incomplete Dominance 16. Be able to do Punnett Squares with Incomplete Dominance ex.) 4 o’clock flowers 17. Codominance 18. Be able to do Punett Squares with Codominance ex.) speckled chickens 19. Multiple Alleles 20. What is an example of a trait that is caused by multiple alleles? 21. Be able to do Punnett Squares with human blood type
- 2. 22. What are polygenic traits? What are some examples of polygenic traits? 23. How can characteristics be determined by interactions between genes and the environment? 24. homologous chromosomes 25. diploid 26. haploid 27. What is meiosis? How many divisions are there in meiosis? 28. What is a tetrad? 29. crossing over? 30. What are gametes? What are examples of gametes in humans? How does their chromosome number differ from body cells? 31. Compare Mitosis and Meiosis 32. What is a gene map?