The document describes the key parts and functions of human, plant, and bacterial cells. It identifies 11 main parts of the human cell: plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, centrosome, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and vacuoles. Each part is described in terms of its structure and function, such as the plasma membrane providing a boundary and selective permeability, the nucleus containing genetic material, and mitochondria generating energy through cellular respiration. The objective is to understand the differences between human, plant, and bacterial cells and explain the roles of organelles within human cells.

1. Biological Science
Cell
By Ki Po Yi Veronica

2. Objective
To find out the difference between human
cell, plant cell and bacterial cell
To identify the main parts of human cell
To explain the function of parts of human cell

3. Definition of cell
Cell
Prokaryotic
cell
Bacterial cell
Eukaryotic
cell
Plant cellHuman cell

4. Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell
Bacterial cell Human cell Plant cell

5. Parts of the human cell

6. Parts of the human cell(1)
-Plasma membrane(1)
 Structure:
consists are arranged in 2 parallel rows:
-hydrophilic
-hydrophobic
 Function:
-Provide a flexible boundary
-contact with other body cells or with
foreign cells or substance
-provide receptors for chemicals
-selective permeability

7. Parts of the human cell(1)
-Plasma membrane(2)

8. Parts of the human cell(2)
-Cytoplasm
 Structure:
-jelly-like substance
 Function:
-Provide support, shape, involved the movement of structure
-Hold all the organelles
-Chemical reaction are taken place
-Transportation

9. Parts of the human cell(3)
-Nucleus, nuclear membrane
 Structure:
-Large structure in the cell
Nuclear membrane: double
membrane
Nucleoli: do not contain a
membrane, are composed of
protein, DNA, RNA
 Function:
-Contain hereditary factor

10. Parts of the human cell(4)
-Centrosome
 Structure:
-9 triplet clusters of microtubules
arranged in a circular pattern
 Function:
-A role in cell reproduction

11. Parts of the human cell (5)
-Ribosome
 Structure:
-Compose of a type of RNA:
ribosomal RNA and specific ribosomal
protein
-Free ribosome: no attachment to other
parts of cell
 Function:
-Site of protein synthesis
-Free ribosome
-Other: attach to endoplasmic reticulum

12. Parts of the human cell(6)
-Rough endoplasmic reticulum
-Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
 Structure:
-Double membrane
-Rough ER -Smooth ER
 Function
-contribution to mechanical support and
distribution of the cytoplasm
-involved in the intracellular exchange of materials
with the cytoplasm
-provide a surface area for chemical reactions
-intracellular transportation system
-Rough ER: protein synthesis
-Smooth ER: lipid synthesis

13. Parts of the human cell(7)
-Golgi complex
 Structure:
Cisternae: composed of stacks of
membrane-bound structure
 Function:
-Process, package, deliver protein
to various parts of the cell
-associate with lipid secretion

14. Parts of the human cell(8)
-Mitochondria
 Structure:
-rod-shape
-double membrane
-outer mitochondrial membrane is smooth
-inner mitochondrial membrane is arranged
in a series of fold called cristae
-matrix
 Function:
-“power house
-cellular respiration

15. Parts of the human cell(9)
-Lysosome
 Structure:
-Formed from Golgi complex and have a
single membrane
-contain powerful digestive enzyme
capable of breaking down many kinds of
molecule
 Function:
-Digest the solid material contained in
phagocytic vesicles
-extracellular digestion
-Autophagy

16. Parts of the human cell(10)
-Peroxisomes
 Structure:
-similar in structure to lysosomes, but smaller
 Function:
-catalase: break down hydrogen peroxide into water and
oxygen

17. Parts of the human cell(11)
-Vacuole
 Structure:
-few small/ no vacuole
 Function:
-contain water and
dissolved substance, food,
enzyme

18. Reference:
 Gerard J Tortora “The cellular level of organization”,Principles of anatomy
and Physiology, sixth edition(1990)
 www.doabrown.info/page20/AQAAscibic21.htm
 http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Nucleolus