1. influence ex-conservation of
Proboscis Monkey ( Narsalis
Lavartus )
Group member :
Hudson anak uchong
Elizabeth
Muhammad Haikal
Ilavanan a/l Subrumaniam
Fatin Hasanah Bt Muhammad Firdaus Indran

2.  Proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus)
 large and sexually dimorphic
 endemic to the Borneo’s island [Bennett and Gombek,
1993;Rowe, 1996].
 natural habitat : lowland coastal rainforests ( mangroves and
peat swamps) [Salter et al., 1985]
 classified by the IUCN [1996] as endangered, listed in the
CITES Appendix I.
 This species is threatened by a restricted habitat [Bennett et al.,
1987; Agoramoorthy, 2003].
 Due to the ongoing destruction of coastal forests, occasional
forest fires, and relentless hunting
 Become increasingly important in the near future to breed in
zoos to preserve a viable captive population.

3. Ex-Situ conservation
Ex Situ Conservation Methods
 Ex-situ conservation is the preservation of biological diversity components
outside their natural habitats.
 This involves conservation of genetic resources, as well as wild and
cultivated or species, and draws on a diverse body of techniques and
facilities. Some of these include:
> Captive breeding of animals
> Collecting living organisms for zoos and aquaria, for research
and public awareness.
 It also provides excellent research opportunities on the components of
biological diversity.
 Some of these institutions also play a central role in public education and
awareness raising by bringing members of the public into contact with plants
and animals they may not normally come in contact with. It is estimated that
worldwide, over 600 million people visit zoos every year.

4. -Natural feeding ecology
eats primarily fruit and leaves. It also eats flowers, seeds and
insects. (Boonratana R.,1993)
-Energy requirement
support basal metabolic function, activity, maintenance of body
temperature, product formation (Sarah Wolfensohn & Paul
Honess, 2005)
Natural habitat
 Proboscis monkeys inhabit mangrove forest along rivers and
estuaries, swamp-land, and lowland rainforest. (Kawabe and
Mano, 1972)
 Consideration in accommodation
Plant trees and made artificial river or ponds
 Facilities used to :
- To facilitate animal handling
- Where primates are familiarized to human contact and
socialisation

5. Reproduction
 Males mate with females in their social
group - polygynous (Bennett & Sebastian,
1988)
 Males reach maturity at about 7 years
(Hayssen, et al., 1993; Wolfheim, 1983;
Yeager, 1990)
 Proboscis monkeys give birth to a single
offspring after a gestation of 166 days.
 Infants stay close to their mothers for
about two year
 Female proboscis monkey frequently groom
their offspring. This removes dirt and parasites,
and provides social bonding and support.
 They also keep their infants clean through
grooming. Infants stay close to their mothers for
about one year (Yeager, 1990).

6. Behaviours
 The social structure :one adult male, females and their offspring & all male (Bennett
& Gombek, 1993; Yeager 1995).
 Groups usually sleep in adjacent trees (Yeager, 1990).Monkeys tend to sleep near
rivers, if they are nearby
 Proboscis monkeys' daily activities consist of resting, traveling, feeding and keeping
vigilant (Boonratana, 1993).
 Both sexes exhibit solitary, but solitary in male monkeys are more common
(Boonratana, 1999).
 Violent behavior with fellow monkeys is unusual, but does occur including the acts
of chasing, slaps, and bitting.
 Minor aggressive behaviors including vocalization, facial threats, and postural
threats.
 Grooming is done while seated, most performed by adult females, and often
directed at infants (Yeager, 1990).
 Adult males rarely grooming or being groomed (Yeager, 1990).

7. Predation
 The anti-predator behavior of
these monkeys has not been
described in detail. Leopards are
known to prey upon them. Adult
males sometimes vocalize,
apparently to scare off potential
predators.

8. Ecosystem
Roles
 probably have some affect on
plant populations
 Some predators rely on these
animals for food, proboscis
monkey populations may affect
predators.
Economic Importance
(human)
 are considered a delicacy although they
are not heavily hunted.
 desired for zoos because of their unique
appearance.
 good sample for student research and
education.

9. THANK YOU!!!